Indlela Hybridological

Njengoba kufanele waphawula eziningi, zofuzo kuyinto indlovukazi wesayensi. Ngempela, izindaba ezihlobene le isayensi, ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukunquma, njengoba besho, ikhwalithi inzalo izalwa. Ufuzo futhi njalo kusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezifana search for zokwelapha ezintsha ngoba izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo.

Enye indlela ukusebenza zofuzo kuyinto Hybridological indlela. Akukhona ukuthi ezinye, njengoba indlela ukutadisha ufuzo. essence yayo lo: uma kukhona sreschivanie zinhlobo ezimbili, inzalo yabo ngeke balizuze ifa iqoqo izimfanelo okuzokwenziwa kunqunywa genotype. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi indlela Hybridological Mendel ezaziwayo. Yena waqala ngubani sawela izinhlobo ezehlukene uphizi, okuyinto lokhu kwakuhluke nomunye ezicini ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, bayehluka ubukhulu imbewu, isimo sabo, umbala, futhi ekunqandeni ukuphakama nokunye. Mendel kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingi emayelana nokuwela zinhlobo ezahlukene futhi eqaphela indlela lapho uboniswe izibonakaliso izizukulwane kokuthoma, kwesibili nezinye nzalo. Umsebenzi onjalo Ososayensi baye baqhuba izinhlobo eziningi uphizi, ngakho wakwazi ukusungula amaphethini ezinye ezihlobene isilinganiso ambalwa of izitshalo hybrid, futhi ngokuvamile baba ezinye izindawo ezihlukahlukene kokuqala.

indlela Hybridological zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana. Indlela elula lezi akuyona ukuthi ezinye, njengoba cross monohybrid. Kuyinto kuphela umehluko ezimbalwa phakathi amafomu sabazali, njengoba umthetho, kuba ngokoqobo ambalwa izimpawu.

Uma ukunikeza izibonelo eziqondile, ibizwa ngokuthi inezimpabano phakathi izinhlobo oluhlaza imbewu ipea futhi ephuzi. Ukulandela ucwaningo, Mendel wafika iziphetho abaye baba abanye postulates zofuzo. Okokuqala, sikhuluma umthetho noma oluphathelene naye lowo ukufana isizukulwane sokuqala hybrid. Okwesibili, kufanele ishiwo isizukulwane komthetho cleavage hybrid yesibili. Futhi, Kwesithathu, akufuneki sikhulume uqaphele umbono ka ubumsulwa gametes.

Uma sikhuluma isizukulwane sokuqala ukuba sifane ukuze umthetho, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lisikisela ukufana isizukulwane sokuqala nabazali kuwo wonke ngezizathu.

Lapha umuntu angabona izinto bagcine ukubusa okuphelele izici omunye umzali phezu nezinye izimpawu.

indlela Hybridological kubhekwe njengento ibe yintfo lekhetsekile ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo. Wayevame kwandulelwe okuthiwa zizalela indlela. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe noma ukudala impahla eluhlaza, okuzokwenza kamuva ukuba zihlolwe. Mendel kulokhu wasebenza imbewu ipea ukuthi kukhona self-impova.

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi kwezinye izimo, inqubo okuthiwa oqondile Hybridological ndlela ingasetshenziswa yini. Lokhu kusebenza ifa zezici kubantu. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuleli cala ayikwazi kuhlelwe crossbreeding futhi nevzmozhno ukunikeza nemingcele ezifana okuzala, kanye isikhathi nezingokomzwelo zokuthomba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izakhi ezisetshenziswa futhi abanye ezinye izindlela.

Ngokwesibonelo, izindlela cytogenetic. Yabo cwaningo abathintekayo isayensi cytogenetics. Akukona ngakususi into ezifana Hybridological ukuhlaziywa, kodwa iye ukutadisha yenethiwekhi okubonakalayo ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Akusikho lutho kodwa nizwa mitotic, meiotic futhi polytene-chromosomes futhi mitochondria futhi plastids. Ngakho, izindlela cytological, okokuqala kunakho konke, kuhilela isifundo lezakhi zofuzo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo ucwaningo: indlela microscopy ukukhanya, kanye nezindlela eziningi mikrospicheskih ukuhlolwa, okuyinto iqhutshwa ngosizo abanye amadivayisi ayi- elekhthroniki.