Koryaksky: incazelo, umlando. Intaba-mlilo e eKamchatka

Namuhla, abacwaningi eKamchatka akafikanga ukuvumelana empikiswaneni inombolo mlilo emhlabeni. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi awayona engaphezu kwekhulu, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kunezinkulungwane. ukushintshashintsha ezinjalo eziningi kule izilinganiso ngenxa indlela ehlukile yombuzo, akuzona zonke izintaba-mlilo eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka sisebenza, abaningi babo namuhla ungabonisi umsebenzi wayo, kodwa ngoba abaningi abhekwa njengabantu nje ekhoneni.

Noma kunjalo, into efana "mlilo", izazi zikholelwa isihlobo. Into wukuthi-mlilo ubhekwa uma wagcina ubufakazi ukuthi wake kwaqubuka. Kodwa kungenzeka yikhulu eyinkulungwane edlule.

Koryaksky - Volcano oyibamba, elise eKamchatka, amakhilomitha amathathu nanhlanu enyakatho Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. It kungokwalabo stratovolcano.

Koryaksky: iphi mlilo?

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-observation ucwaningo, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi ukuba izintaba-mlilo waqala ukwakha endulo, ukuba ngqo, ngesikhathi Upper Pleistocene. Ekuqaleni, le site kuqhuma le ntaba samanje uvele lava entabeni ukuphakama amakhilomitha amabili nesigamu, lapho butholakala Late Pleistocene Isigaxa yesimanje. It yakhiwa basaltic-andesite futhi lavas andesitic.

Umlando kwegama

On Emabalazweni igama ezivamile Koryaksky. Kodwa lokhu igama intabamlilo kwadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekhulwini XVII wamazwe odumile eKamchatka SP Krasheninnikov esifundweni sawo ibizwa ngokuthi Intaba-mlilo Turnout Knoll.

Abantu bendawo kusukela emaphandleni aseduze ezitholakala kulezi zindawo ingilazi mlilo. It wasetshenziselwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi, womshini arrowheads. Lokhu kungase kube esinye isizathu esenza lethiwa yesibili yale intabamlilo eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka.

Esikhathini eside kamuva, ngekhulu XIX, abantu bendawo, ayimizulane reindeer nezinkomo - Koryak, yasungula zokuhlala phansi entabeni, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "Koryak". Ngakho, intaba okuthiwa Koryaksky. Kwakuthinta fixed futhi kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla.

Koryaksky: incazelo

Le ntaba-mlilo kuyingxenye uhlelo Koryak-Avachinskaya futhi itholakala East Ridge. Ngaphandle-ke presents njalo umumo ribbed Isigaxa. Ngosuku olucwathile libalele ubukeka ngendlela esabekayo Koryaksky, obude ifinyelela 3456 amamitha.

Kuyini amagquma emangalisayo?

Izici yalesi giant kuyinto enkulu isekisi ububanzi amamitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu phezu nasemithambekeni empumalanga nasenyakatho zazo ofika kuleli ezinhlangothini ezimbili yeqhwa omkhulu waquma ichopho. Ngo uhlobo intabamlilo kungokwalabo stratovolcano. Isigaxa wayo yakhiwa basalt nezakhiwo andesite, kanye umlotha futhi udaka olushisayo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ntaba has a engela elikhulu - kuze kube degrees amabili engxenyeni engezansi kuze kube degrees amathathu nanhlanu kuya phezulu. EKamchatka intabamlilo has nemithambeka, kakhulu sihlehliswe, ukwandisa phansi emiseleni, lokususe amanzi agelezayo. Zibonakala ngokucacile, uze ugcwale ngisho ne iqhwa.

wentaba

wentaba Modern itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga wale ngqungquthela. Ubukhulu bayo - amamitha angamakhulu amabili. Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo esidlule emaphethelweni kancane ezilimele. Enye wentaba lasendulo itholakala ohlangothini lwasenyakatho wale ngqungquthela, lapho isekisi iyagcinwa, ukujula engaphezu kwekhulu amamitha ukujula kanye ububanzi of amamitha angamakhulu amahlanu. Manje umatasa yeqhwa.

Zonke emthambekeni osenyakatho intaba-mlilo embozwe yiqhwa Amasimu kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Bona yokwelula ezinyaweni amakhilomitha amane. Futhi emithambekeni ephansi amagquma ezembethe amahlathi aminyene itshe birch kanye pine yemifino. Kuze kube manje, lo intabamlilo e eKamchatka kuyinto asebenzayo, nakuba lingakanani akuyona ngempela sihambisana ukushuba iqhuma.

ukongiwa kwemvelo

EKamchatka intabamlilo Koryak etholakala ezindaweni ezivikelekile:

• Natural Park "Nalychevo", ngo-1996 wangena UNESCO;
• State Reserve (eziphilayo) "izintaba-mlilo ezintathu", wadala ngo-1994 ukuze kuvikelwe marmot black eneziqongo, imvu bighorn, Gopher futhi zivinjelwe abazingela zezilwane nezinyoni.

Umsebenzi omningi wezintaba-mlilo

Intaba-mlilo Koryaksky akukaqondwa kahle. Nokho, ososayensi bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kule minyaka engu-ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa phezulu kwakukhona nokuqhuma eziyisikhombisa - eminyakeni 5050, 1950 no-1550 BC, futhi 1890, 1926 no-1956. Umsebenzi wokugcina ezilotshwe 2008. Abantu bendawo wabukela kuqhuma intuthu nomlotha ku emthambekeni entshonalanga. Ngenxa nje leli fu umlotha welula km kuka-100.

Lokhu kuqhuma kuka-1926 kwaba khona ukuthula okukhulu. Zazingekho ukuqhuma kusukela lava wentaba agelezé ngomoya ophansi. Lokhu kuqhuma yesibili, eyaqala ngo-1956, ubekhona okuningi. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kuyinto umuntu alufakwa. Kusukela igebe kwakhiwa, ubude baso kwaba cishe abangamakhulu amahlanu, ububanzi mayelana nanhlanu amamitha, okuthunyelwe umlotha ephukile futhi igesi ephakama ukuphakama ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisikhombisa amamitha. Uma lokhu lava nokuqhuma zalotshwa.

Nalapha bendawo bamangale Koryaksky ngo-2008. Ukukhululwa entsha yamagesi nomlotha wadala umzila, okuyinto ibanga amashumi amakhilomitha. Kodwa ngemva Ulandele le kuqhuma. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ntaba-mlilo iyasebenza kunalokho ezingavamile, ifakiwe ohlwini mlilo emashumini. Kusukela ngo-1996, wangenela uhlu iziqongo eyishumi nesithupha, okuyinto kufundvwe yi-UN Commission (IAVCEI). Basuke njengabayingozi kakhulu ngenxa ukusondela wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu.

Abantu bendawo mlilo waqonda ngempela ngomoya ophansi, ukuyibiza nje "Koryak Autonomous Area," futhi uma ebhema - usho intabamlilo ebhema. Sekuyisikhathi eside Snowboarders itjheje ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, okuyinto zitholakala ugema, okufakazela umsebenzi wayo kuphela. Kusukela amagquma uqale Paratunski iziphethu abadumile ashisayo.

Koryaksky: ekhuphuka

Manje le ntaba-mlilo lungenzi lutho. On amagquma ayo emithathu okukhipha fumarole amagesi, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ukuze +273 ° C. intabamlilo Koryak ivamile phakathi abanolwazi abaqwali entabeni. izintaba emithambekeni ngokwanele benza ukugibela ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezidinga ezinye ngokuqeqeshwa nekhono. Ngeshwa, sabulala eziningana abanqobi ongenalwazi ka kungatshalwa eziqongweni zezintaba ukuthi overestimated amandla abo.

Njengomthetho, kubo elamaKoryak Volcano, kuyinto eyingqopha wendawo ngenxa emithambekeni emaweni, Barranco ezijulile ungaphazamisi izivakashi abavamile, futhi? Ngenhlanhla, akazange ahlele ascensions mass, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, engumakhelwane Avachinskaya phezulu.

Abanqobi lokuqala intabamlilo

Kukholakala ukuthi owokuqala ukufinyelela esiqongweni sentaba-mlilo Koryak semvelo nodokotela umkhumbi waseRussia "Alexander" - F. V Shteyn. Lokhu kuyanda iphutha ekupheleni September 1821. Ngokusho emibhalweni it is ukuthi eyaziwa ekhulwini XX, kuqala wagibela phezu intabamlilo ngo-1934, eholwa intatheli kusukela Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Steblichem.

Ngemva kweminyaka emine, wayinqoba phezulu owesifazane wokuqala - Pauline Sushkova. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, lokhu ungowesifazane onesibindi cishe hit lapho kuqhuma Avacha intabamlilo, owenzeka ngo-February 1945.

Le ntaba-mlilo itholakala amakhilomitha amathathu nje ukusuka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. phezulu zako ziyizindlela ezahlukene imizila eyinkimbinkimbi - kusukela 1B ukuze 3A. abaqwali abanolwazi bathi ngobuchwepheshe ukukhuphuka akunzima kakhulu. Nokho, kuyinto enkulu ngokwanele umzimba ngenxa umehluko ukuphakama.

Qala ukugibela wenziwa ne ekamu base, okuyindawo ithunyelwa abadlali umzila. Itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Khuphukela phezulu, ungenza usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Nokho, indlela amade luncanyelwa, it has nezihibe. Okokuqala, lokhu kukuthinta isidingo ukukhulisa ukuphakama kwamamitha engaphezu kwemibili ayizinkulungwane elele izikhwama, itende, ithoshi, ukudla namanzi kwakuseduze.

Climb olulodwa, kuthatha akukho kuka nanye - amahora ayishumi nambili. Ukwehla ngokushesha, ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amane - ezinhlanu amahora. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba anyuke Koryak Volcano abaqwali cabangela isikhathi kusukela maphakathi no-April kuya ekupheleni kuka-June. Ngalesi sikhathi akukho yesithwathwa olunzima, futhi zonke semfene sezwe futhi idwala okuxekethile namanje embozwe yiqhwa ingubo ngokuphepha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi, kulula ukuba wehle intaba-mlilo ku snowboards noma eqhweni. Ukucaca ungenza abantu amakhono ayisisekelo e izintaba - bakwazi ukuhamba isixha, sebenzisa ngembazo ice futhi crampons. Kubalulekile kakhulu futhi ifomu enhle engokomzimba. abaqwali abanolwazi ukuncoma Wabasaqalayo Ungazama ngesandla sabo ekuqaleni, kuya Avacha intabamlilo, obude kuyinto 2751 amamitha.

Le abadlali umzila ithunyelwa ngaphandle kwekamu efanayo base. Wabasaqalayo Avacha Volcano uhlobo inselele, futhi Amazing omuhle phambi ekhuphuka eyingozi.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana imishini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kulo Awukwazi ukwenza ezintabeni. Nasi uhlu izinto ezidingekayo:

• elele isikhwama;
• etendeni;
• crampons neqhwa izimbazo;
• amagilavu ofudumalayo;
• engasindi jacket phansi;
• isifonyo (ukuvikela umoya);
• amagilavu ukukhanya;
• zangaphansi ezishisayo;
• ibhulukwe kusuka ulwelwesi izicubu;
• Amasokisi ezishisayo;
• ukugibela amabhuzu;
• Snowboard noma ski imishini (ukuhlela Uzalo kuqhuma intaba-mlilo),
• cleaner igabha (1 ilitha);
• izibuko;
• ayehamba izinti;
• isikhumba elangeni.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Kusukela amadolobha Russian lasePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky uxhuma lomoya nolwandle link. Yelizovo Airport, esebenza edolobheni igcwele umhlaba wonke. Kulo kukhona izindiza njalo lamadolobha amaningi aseRussia (Vladivostok, eMoscow, eKhabarovsk, Petersburg, Magadan, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk nabanye). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa umoya basekhaya Ust-Kamchatsk, Ozernovsky, Palani, Nikolskoye (Commander Islands), Ossorio. Zasemizaneni suburban Moss, Avacha, Nagorny, Dolinovka nentaba-mlilo engafinyelelwa ngebhasi.

Ngokombono zonke eziye zabona Koryaksky, ajabulela nge ongavamile bemvelo amandla. Vulcan kwenza bayilibale ngisho kulawo izivakashi abangafuni ukwenza ummango, ngakho-ke uma ithuba lokuvakashela e Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela egqumeni.