Kulik (inyoni): incazelo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, ukudla

Enye yalezi zinyoni ezivamile kubhekwe sandpiper. ERussia kuphela, lapho kukhona cishe 75 zilwane. Ngu ukubukeka kwabo, lezi zinyoni zifana amajuba, kodwa kusobala ukuthi baye bazwakalisa izici ehlukile. Ornithologists nibhekane nabo oda Charadriiformes. Sibheka zinyoni, okuyizinto ezivamile.

Little ukuhlala

Lokhu enezimpiko omele owesincane zinyoni. Isisindo sayo ingeqi 27 amagremu. It has oqondile uqhwaku iDemo. It has eside (10 cm), kodwa amaphiko ewumngcingo, iminwe esifushane, esilingene ubude imilenze. I izimpaphe kwesifuba, ezinhlangothini, craw, entanyeni, intamo nezihlathi has a luhlaza obomvu-ocher. Izimpaphe futhi babe streaks ensundu. Phansi izinyoni emhlophe. Izimpaphe indiza kukhona amaphiko blackish ansundu. izimpaphe yesibili emaphikweni base futhi ube Ukuvalwa black elikhanyayo. Kulik (isithombe ngezansi) eshintsha umbala ebusika. On ngemuva kukhona umbala lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu, phansi kuxhopha, futhi abanye kwezitshalo livela ezingcolile ocher uqweqwe.

Lokhu sandpiper encane - inyoni nezimfunda. Yena luhlala ezindaweni kusukela namahlathi Norwegian , futhi sifinyelela engezansi ULena. Kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana ezinye iziqhingi e-Arctic Ocean. Ngezinye izikhathi inyoni bazinze ihlathi. Kulik - inyoni ezifudukayo ubusika ethunyelwe Afrika, eNingizimu ye-Asia futhi uthola phansi Tasmania. Amanye amalungu kungabonwa ohlangothini lwaseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian.

Kokuzalela nenzalo Little ukuhlala

Ngemva kokubuyela emakhaya abo, izinyoni aselungele kokuzalela. Phakathi nale nkathi, Sandpiper flight Uphakamisa amaphiko, yanking kubo. Trill yakhe zingase zifane imisindo ukukhipha intethe. isidleke ngokuvamile esikhethiwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Chofoza ukuhlala emgodini zigutshuzelwe utshani ngonyaka odlule futhi kancane wayichoboza wakhe. Lining kungaba amahlamvu of neminyezane yemifino.

Ngokuvamile ku wokwakha amaqanda Little ukuhlala ezine omnqumo ensundu. Kodwa ngokuvamile umbala wabo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukubeka amaqanda ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekupheleni June, futhi phakathi noma ekupheleni ngenyanga ezayo avele puhovichki. Kakade ngasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amaphuphu kukhona enezimpiko ngokugcwele, kodwa abawona esekwazi ukundiza. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ingandiza, sandpiper amaphuphu zemindeni ehlukene uphathe bahlangane umhlambi wabo. "Amalungu" zako ziyizindlela kwendiza leli qembu elincane elalisanda kwakhiwa iqala ukuzulazula emathafeni ase-, belungiselela indiza ebusika. Le nkathi ngokuvamile awe maphakathi no-August futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina kusukela ngo-September.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokudla ukuhlala Little

Njenganoma iyiphi enye oda yezinyoni zinyoni (ngezinye izikhathi zikhona ezehlukile), ummeleli lolu hlobo has a uhlamvu kokuphumula. Izinyoni ngokushelela futhi buthule ukusebenzisa futhi akukho isikhathi. Badla njengoba buthule futhi ngokuvamile athule. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungaba buthule ukuxhumana nabanye ngesikhathi ukudla kwabo. Lapho umuntu bona uma iqhubeka iziphatha ngomoya ophansi.

Ngesisekelo Ukudla siqukethe izinambuzane. Ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni zingase ukukhiqiza ezinamagobolondo futhi molluscs. Futhi, lezi zinyoni uthanda bloodworms kanti izibungu izinambuzane yasemanzini.

Oystercatchers

Lokhu enezimpiko imilenze ezahlukene eqinile futhi eside, umlomo wenyoni ngqo. Basic inhlanganisela yemibala - omnyama nomhlophe, kodwa kungase kudingeke ezinye izinyoni e izimpaphe nsundu, noma ensundu. Kulesi subfamily babe 4 abameleli, okuyinto zingahlanganiswa ku umbono olulodwa. Kodwa Oystercatcher ezivamile abavamile. Ubukhulu balesi enezimpiko efanayo njengejuba. Yena, kanye namanye amalungu lokhu subfamily has a uqhwaku eqinile side. Kwezinye abantu, ukuthi ngokulambisa wavuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uqhwaku lwayo onomfutho singatsheki. Labo zibuthana abahlala enyakatho, umlomo wenyoni kancane mfushane. Etshalwa ukwakha "izinyoni" ube omnyama entanyeni, ikhanda, emuva ingxenye, ingxenye amaphiko futhi ekupheleni umsila. Okunye izibaya kuphela emhlophe.

Lezi zinyoni abe encane iso Svetlenkoe ndawo. Northern izinyoni kungenziwa umahluko kusukela eningizimu phezu inqwaba sombala omnyama emaphikweni. Kodwa abanye oystercatchers, kuncike geography kwendawo yazo, kungaba omnyama ngokuphelele. Izinyoni zasogwini Russian nesisindo mayelana 500 amagremu. amaphiko awo phezu obuphelele ifinyelela 26 cm.

ukusabalala

"Magpies" amachibi ezivame emhlabeni emifuleni eziseMpumalanga Yurophu, kepha kuphela yibo ukuthumela amanzi abo eningizimu. Futhi lapho betholakala khona ngasogwini White Sea futhi uBarents Sea. Lezi zinyoni uthanda ukuba bazohlala amachibi emifuleni-Asia Ephakathi futhi Western eSiberia. Izakhamuzi eKamchatka ajwayelekile kakhulu nale enezimpiko elikhanyayo. Indawo yabo akugcini Russia. Bahlala ngasogwini lomfula kwezilwandle eYurophu (North kanye West), e-USA, i-Australia, i-Afrika, iNew Zealand, Tasmania. Ezindaweni zethu, lezi zinyoni ezifudukayo futhi ebusika yiya Asia noma Afrika.

Zokwakha izidleke "amane"

Bayabuyela ekhaya ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi ezindawo yabo uqalise. "Natives 'esifundeni laseMoscow ukufika ngo-Ephreli, futhi kukhona iGulf of Kandalaksha lezo zinyoni isidleke eduze May. Ukubuyela ezinyonini ubusika zihlukaniswe amaqembu amancane, futhi waqala tokovanie. Phakathi nale nkathi, basuke flying nge ngelizwi elikhulu e voltage ziyetha umlomo. umzila wabo umugqa oqondile. Njengoba sifika endaweni ethile, bayabuya. kweshumi nambili "owakwakhe" kungenzeka baneqhaza emsebenzini onjalo. Lokhu squad wader kancane kancane ibhidliza bhangqa, okuyinto ziyasuswa ezweni labo ukuze yokwakha isidleke. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi le midlalo izinyoni eminyakeni emithathu, lena mdala ube ovuthiwe. Mayelana Sea uBarents efana tokovanie awe Juni.

Zakhele kwabo magpies, sandpiper ogwini, lapho kukhona engajulile nge strip ububanzi we Littoral, ngokuvamile amatheku. Ugu kungaba sandy, enamadwala, itshana, shelly. Uma izinyoni ezihlala ezweni, they nzonzobala ukhethe ogwini noma imifula. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi izikhathi, yaphawula njengoba zinyoni axazulule Amasimu lapho kungekho echibini eliseduze.

Imibhangqwana kufanele okolognezdovoy yabo isayithi basuke ukuqaphile. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, sekuseduze kakhulu ukuba ahlalisane nama omakhelwane babo. Kulik - inyoni, ebonakala isakhiwo bakudala esidlekeni. Ngakho, "magpies" wenza ngawo ezindaweni ezivulekile imbobo mancane futhi wenze kudume. Ngo amaqanda laying ngokuvamile 3, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezine noma 2. amaqanda yabo usayizi esikhulu 5-6 cm ubude. Ziyakwazi umbala ukukhanya-ocher futhi ube uyilahla futhi izindawo ensundu. Ukuchamisela, bobabili abazali bamatasa, futhi zilandela nomunye kaningi. Bayashintshana ekufukameleni ihlala kufika kwezinsuku ezingu-28.

Ngosuku we puhovichki ukuhoxiswa kakade liphuma esidlekeni, kodwa ukuze nje bakwazi yokuthamela kubazali. Izinyoni kudingeka anakekele Nzalo yabo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukudla zikude futhi ngaleso sizathu angaphendula sekwephuzile yokudla, bese lezi zibungu uyafa ukungondleki. Kana abakwazi uzondla isikhathi eside. Ngakho, abazali kufanele uhlupho cishe amasonto amathathu inzalo elambile.

Ososayensi baye waqinisekisa ukuthi sandpiper (isithombe esiphakamisiwe ngenhla) unamathele esikhundleni yokwakha isidleke, futhi ababuyayo ivuka kulokhu kulala kwasebusika ithatha indawo yayo yangaphambili.

amandla oystercatchers

Ukudla zalezi zinyoni nhlobonhlobo. Bayakwazi ukubamba eziyisisekelo zabo izisulu emhlabathini, emanzini angajulile, futhi fundisisa zaryvshihsya phansi. Ngokwesibonelo, oystercatchers imenyu ukudla ezinamagobolondo, ama-mollusk polychaete, amacimbi, izinambuzane kanye izibungu. Uma kungenzeka, njengoba kade iphazanyiswe ukugula kuphela nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukuphahlaza igobolondo ezinamagobolondo, basebenzisa uqhwaku eqinile. izinyoni ezincane kungase liyazika uyomuka at amatshe futhi unamathisele imifantu, ukuba lula ukuvulwa zokukhiqiza. Uma isisulu ingaphansi itshe, inyoni yakhe ngaso linye kumbe asibeke ngaphansi Uqhwaku. Izakhamuzi Orenburg esifundeni utshele ukuthi ngemva kunisela tingadze ngokuvamile raid oystercatchers futhi bakamalalahlengezela kokubhubhisa mabhungane.

Incazelo Black Oystercatcher

Lezi amalungu ukuze wehluke abavamile Oystercatcher usayizi omkhudlwana. Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo kungenzeka kuze kufinyelele 700, izimpaphe zawo simnyama ngombala. White kanye nemibala ukukhanya bengekho nhlobo. Ngo umbala abe kancane amathoni ensundu, ngokuvamile emuva, ezansi futhi ingxenye amaphiko. Uqhwaku obuphelele kusukela 6.5 8.5 cm. Futhi, isici esiphawuleka kuyinto sazungeza lo iso elibomvu. imilenze Zinamandla soft umbala pink. Insikazi ihlukile elilomnyaka uqhwaku eside kanti nomzimba ezihambisanayo.

black Oystercatcher atholakala kuphela eNyakatho neMelika (west coast). Ngo ngaseningizimu yalesi lezi zinyoni ukuphila umzimba. Eduzane izinyoni ebusika ufika lapha basezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Ezinza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamadwala ugu futhi ugweme ezindaweni izihlahla zasendle.

Kulik-spoon-akhokhiswa sandpiper

Lolu hlobo wader kuyahluka kakhulu ezivela komakhelwane, ngoba isakhiwo ekhethekile Uqhwaku. Ekupheleni kwalo linesandiso afana spatula. Lolu hlobo is ikakhulukazi ezihambayo. Ngakho, kuyilapho zidla ke ngidlala kakhulu uchaza lulwimi kumbuthano futhi ikhanda ngalesi sikhathi ngokushesha odlula emanzini, ubuka esiswini. Kungaba kakhulu niguquke futhi bashesha kolunye uhlangothi, kusale amanzi abo "spatula." wings ubude obuphakathi 10 cm.

Limited ukusatshalaliswa lopatnya. indawo ahlala kuyo - Chukotka, kusukela Cape Vankarem ukuba eGulf of Anadyr. Ubusika le sandpiper iya mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi izindiza inyoni eyakhelene nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasogwini encane. Nakuba sandpiper spoon-akhokhiswa ngokohlaka engavamile Uqhwaku, akubukeki odelelayo futhi ongaphenduki esimnandi, ngakho unganakile kungaba kuphithene ne Kulik evamile. Lolu hlobo azinasisindo futhi akafuni ukuba zisebenze ezibanzi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka Red Encwadi Russia uhlu.

Kulik-pectoral Sandpiper

Lolu hlobo zezinyoni zasogwini has a emuva blackish ansundu kanye nezinsiba ngabanye abomvu. black Nadhvoste. Esifubeni kanye goiter brown nge avelele ezimhlophe. Abesilisa nesisindo mayelana 100 amagremu, owesifazane - 72 ukuze g iphiko obuphelele -.. 13 cm inyoni isilinganiso ukhetha ikoloni ngo emathafeni Canada ne-Alaska. Futhi-ke unga esidlekeni laseSiberia Tundra (enyakatho) kusukela eNhlonhlweni YaseChukchi East Tajmyra. Muva nje, yaphawula ukuthi pectoral Sandpiper landizela Europe, ngakho ornithologists Ushiye ithemba lokuthi maduze la izingane ziyohlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga.

Izinyoni ezihlala eSiberia, ekwindla iya ku-Alaska, lapho ukwembuleka kuya eningizimu. Bachitha ebusika climes ukufudumala - mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, Bolivia, Ecuador, eChile.

Lapho ebuyela ezweni lenkaba yakhe, izinyoni ziqala kokuzalela umdlalo. Phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinyoni ezifanayo ayimkhangi, pectoral Sandpiper sandpiper. Bird iqala avuke ezingeni ukuphakama ongaphakeme nentamo abakhukhumele, ukhiqiza umsindo efana Duden. Futhi, owesilisa nihlela ukumelwa, egijima Intamo evuvukele mayelana samochki. Ezinye imikhuba, yena ifana grouse emnyama ngesikhathi kokuzalela. Ngemva umbhangqwana uye wazakhela, insikazi incubates bamba, futhi iduna roams endaweni ehlukile.

Curlew

Lezi zinyoni abe umbala sinombala futhi side uqhwaku engonxantathu phansi. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, yini ephawulekayo, lezi abameleli - ukuthi they are elikhulu uhlobo zezinyoni zasogwini. Ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa besilisa kunesithembiso eduze othandekayo wakhe. Enhlabathini, uphakamisa amaphiko, umlomo wenyoni kuholela phezulu naphansi, chaza, futhi emphethweni emuva Ponytail. ngazimbili Nokunqoba sokuhlala bethembekile komunye nomunye.

Beka esidlekeni iduna ekhetha. Wayibamba ngokumelene phansi, okwenza imbobo phansi. Wadosa ezimbalwa ngaphezulu eduze emgodini kuqala. Insikazi ukhetsa abayizintandokazi, bese ulwelwesi yayo zinyoni utshani. Lapha, i-Insikazi ibekela eyodwa, kodwa elikhulu Iqanda omnqumo obuluhlaza izilongotshane ensundu. Ngemva ehlezi izinsuku ezimbalwa, yena uletha iqanda olandelayo, bese bamba kungaba ubuyise sesithathu nesesine. ' I hatching bahlanganyele yena yena. Ngaphambi kokufika iphuphu lokuqala kufanele ahambe kusukela ezinsukwini 26 kuya 28. Izingane waphinde wabona bobabili abazali. Amaphuphu zilungele fly eneminyaka engu-isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwenyanga. Ngemva kwalokho, imikhaya eminingi nezingane ndawonye kwelinye iphakethe bese uqale Ukuthuthwa yabo. Ubusika baya eNingizimu Asia noma e-Afrika. Ukuhamba senzeka ekuqaleni, azungeze Agasti, kodwa abanye abantu zingase zephuze uSepthemba. Ngezinye izikhathi, eJalimane nase-England, lezi sandpiper unquma ngidlulise nobusika kusayithi.

Ezweni lethu, uhlalwe zenyathi ezinhlanu Curlews, futhi ingqikithi eziyisishiyagalombili.

Jack-snipe

Lena Kulichok amancane kakhulu. Inesisindo amagremu 60 kuphela. Kodwa kulandwe amaphisi amaningi ungavumeli amathuba ukuze bambambe, ngoba inyama yakhe lokudla okumnandi kakhulu. Kodwa birdwatchers isithakazelo tokovanie lezi imvuthu. Yizwa imisindo ephansi Jack-snipe, kungaba in sezulu ezolile futhi esinamafu. Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda, engaphuma kuculwa, ngoba sandpiper tokuet okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezihambayo usheshe kakhulu. Ukutshiyoza kwezinyoni nemisindo edlala umdlalo kokuzalela, okusikhumbuza ukulimaza umhlaba egandayekile, "phezulu-top-phezulu."

izinyoni zasogwini marsh

Ezweni lethu, lokhu enezimpiko evame kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe abaningi kwadingeka ukumbona, kwenzekani imvelo. Marsh Sandpiper, ngokungafani izihlobo zabo eziningi, Sinesithakazelo esikhulu abazingeli, ngoba inyama yayo unesisa kakhulu futhi ukunambitheka esimnandi.

It ingaziwa igama elihlukile - "nyoni", "nettigel", futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi nje "umnenke". On ubukhulu enezimpiko sifana ijuba, kodwa njengoba uqhwaku yakhe, intamo, imilente side, ongaboni kubonakala ngaphezulu. Umbala aphuzi-ngokubomvu izimpaphe. Insikazi inkulu, it has a izimpaphe elikhanyayo. Nakuba entanyeni owesilisa bomvu kakhulu. Nge ebusika ku ixhaphozi yayo izinyoni buya phakathi entwasahlobo. Unyaka nonyaka, zihlala esikhundleni lwabo lwendabuko, kodwa ukushintsha izindlu zabo iphoqe omiswe echibini. Kulokhu, athatha omunye ixhaphozi, ayifuni izinto ngokweqile kuye. Mayelana inzalo enakekelwa kokubili abazali. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi overprotection ebhubhisa esikhehleni Nzalo. Efuna okwesabisa away izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, owesilisa kanjalo kubonisa indawo yayo abazingeli. Ngeshwa, isifiso ezinganeliseki zabantu ukwenza imali kwaholela yokuthi izizukulwane zibuthana sihamba kwabhujiswa.