Kungakanani utshwala?

Ngenxa yokuphuza utshwala, imisebenzi yengqondo, yokuphila kanye nokuziphatha iyashintsha. I-Ethanol, engena emzimbeni womuntu, ayinayo imiphumela efanayo kubantu abahlukene. Ngakho-ke, impendulo engaphenduliyo yombuzo - emva kokuphuza utshwala obuningi - cha. Kuncike kwesisindo somuntu, ubulili, ubudala, amandla nokulingana, kanye nesikhathi esiphelile kusukela kokuthola iziphuzo ezidakayo. I-ethyl yotshwala iyancibilika kahle emanzini, ngakho-ke lapho ikhipha izitshalo zalawo malungu aqukethe amanzi amaningi, okusho ebuchosheni, obangela imbangela yokucindezeleka kubantu: i-ethanol ebucayi kakhulu yileli maseli (Ikakhulukazi i-cortex ye-cerebral).

Ukuphuza utshwala emangqamuzaneni obuchopho bukhulu ngamaphesenti angama-75 kunama cell. Ngakho-ke, i-ethanol ibangela injabulo ephawulekayo yokudakwa ngokweqile , okuhambisana nokukhubazeka kwezinqubo zokuvimbela. Okulandelayo kuza ukwehlisa izinqubo zokuzijabulisa, ukuvimbela intambo ye-oblong nomgogodla. Ukunciphisa isikhungo sokuphefumula kubonakala. Emva kokuphuza utshwala obuningi - itafula eliqukethe ukubikezelwa kwemfundiso linikeza umqondo wokuthi isikhathi sizohluka ngesilinganiso esifanayo sebhiya noma i-vodka. Njengoba kulesi simo ubukhulu bokudakwa akuyona into efanayo ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezahlukene zamakhemikhali e-alcohol (C2H5OH) emaqenjini egazi.

Ngezibonakaliso zokuziphatha ngokweqile okungase kube khona, kodwa lokhu kunciphisa ijubane lokuphendula, umsebenzi wezingqondo, ikhono lokuwohloka lokushayela ukuthutha. Ngokudakwa ngokweqile, kukhona ukulahlekelwa kokuhlolwa okwanele kwesimo nobuntu bomuntu siqu. Inkulumo, inkumbulo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo kanye nokukhathazeka kokukhathazeka nakho kungenzeka. Ngakanani uphuzo olulahlekile emzimbeni wesifazane noma indoda? Kusobala ukuthi ngesisindo somzimba esifanayo kanye nenani elifanayo lokuphuza utshwala, amadoda asheshe akhathazeke kunabesifazane. Leli qiniso lichazwa yizinto ezihlukene zamanzi emzimbeni (ngamadoda kuze kube ngu-58%, kwabesifazane kuze kufike ku-49%), ngakho-ke ngokudakwa ngokweqile kotshwala.

Ukufakwa emadongeni esiswini (20%) kanye namathumbu (80%), ama-molethan ethanol afaka ingxenye yetshezi yegazi (i-plasma), equkethe cishe ama-85% amanzi. Igazi lihambisa ama-molecule e-C2H5OH abe yizicubu nezitho zangaphakathi, lapho kungashintshi khona. Kusuka kubo abanegazi elibizayo libuyela kuma-excretory systems. Ngokweqile kangakanani utshwala - kuncike esimweni esivamile somzimba ngamunye. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuka-90% kuncike ekuguqulweni. Ingxenye enkulu (75%) isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa esibindi, ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kwesenzo se-isoenzyme CYP2E1, imikhiqizo ye-metabolic ixoshwa ngemifino. Ifomu elingashintshi (nge-urine) kufika ku-10% ye-ethanol idonswe. Ngokwengxenye, utshwala lukhishwa futhi emoyeni we-alveolar bese kuthiwa.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusebenzisa utshwala obuningi kangakanani, kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ezithile zomzimba womuntu. Ukungaxilisi emcimbini kuvame ukuqala emaminithini angu-40. Nakuba umzimba wesibindi utholakala ngokushesha nje lapho utshwala lufakwe, ngisho kuze kube mzuzu lapho izinga lakho liqala ukukhula ebuchosheni. Utshwala luxiliswa kakhulu yiqembu lama-enzyme ayisithupha, elihlanganiswa negama elivamile elithi alcohol dehydrogenase. Basiza ukuyiguqula ibe yi-acetaldehyde (empeleni ibe ne-toxic ngaphezulu kune-ethanol), okuguqulwa ibe yinto engeyona enobuthi ye-acetic acid.

Akunakwenzeka njalo ukugwema imikhosi nemikhosi, lapho kuphuzwa utshwala. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-100 ml ye-vodka ingafaniswa, cishe, emahoreni amane. Ngokuqondile, ungafunda ematafuleni, ngemuva kokuthi amahora amaningi ophuza utshwala, lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba uqaphe umzimba wakho futhi ube nesimo esihle ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthetho nokuhleleka emazweni amaningi, okuqukethwe kwe-C2H5OH egazini kulinganiswa ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile (ama-breathreater noma ama-breath breathing of modifications ahlukahlukene).

Nakuba ubunzima bezinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa behluke kubantu abahlukene abanomthamo ofanayo utshwala egazini, kodwa ukuhlushwa kwalo kungalinganiswa ngokulinganayo futhi kuqhathaniswe nesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, futhi imiphumela esemthethweni yezilinganiso aziphikisana ngokomthetho. Umthetho wamazwe amaningi uvimbela ukushayela kwezimoto kanye nokuphathwa kwemishini enzima lapho izinga elisezingeni lokuphuza utshwala egazini lidlulile .