Kungani-ke akubonakali kunengqondo yini ukwesabe ukufa?

On isihloko isihloko sihloko, kuyoba ngemva kwesikhashana. Okokuqala kudingeka sicabange ngendatjana, umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho okwakukhona uRaheli Dolezal. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi owayengumongameli Spokane (Washington), kanye inhloko-National Association for Ekusakazeni Coloured Abantu - lokukhwabanisa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi Dolezal akuhlukile Keytlin Dzhenner, owesifazane oneminyaka engu-65 ubudala, kuze kube muva nje wayaziwa njengomuntu Bryus Dzhenner futhi wayeyindoda. I ukuphela komehluko owawukhona ngalezi amadoda amabili ukuthi, umphakathi kuze kufike ilungele ngamukele ababekusho uyinikele.

umlando Dolezal

Lapho iqiniso phendla mayelana Dolezal, izinhlangothi ezimbili bebaphikisana nomunye kakhulu inkanuko futhi ngenkuthalo. Nokho, isici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu lokhu scandal kwaba ukuthi, njengoba pissed futhi waphenduka esintwini abanothando maqondana izindaba eziyinqaba "transrasovosti" owesifazane oyedwa. Abaqambimanga futhi aphambe ezihlukahlukene buso ayoziveza ohlangothini elizosizuzisa kubo, futhi Dolezal wakhetha ubunikazi ethile zobuhlanga, zibophe University of Howard, bese kuba ngolunye, ukuqala i-career kwi nezifundiswa. Uma mina bangase basho kanjalo, ngumlando nabakhwabanisi zobuhlanga, ngokwezwi nezwi kunezici ezimbili ezingafani. Kodwa kungani ubuzenzisi kunjalo ngokokuziphatha embi uma kuziwa ubuhlanga?

Ingabe wayeqinisile?

Labo bantu abathi Dolezal enecala ukukhwabanisa yomunye ungubani uqobo, kungaba kahle. Futhi ukukopela wakhe kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni elakhiwe ngokuphelele amalungelo zabantu abamhlophe. Nokho, leli cala zisekelwe umqondo ezivamile zingobani, okuyinto kungase kube yinkohliso, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibangele imizwelo engakhi ngokufa kwakhe siqu ngaphezu kwazo kufanele kube.

Parfitt nezahlulelo zakhe kanye no

Derek Parfit, isazi sefilosofi kusukela Oxford, ucabanga ukuthi indlela abantu abacabanga ngazo mayelana ngokwabo esekelwe yephutha ayisisekelo. Indlela yemvelo lapho abantu ahumushe ungubani yabo, kuyinto isethi okuqinile, ezijulile futhi angabacwasi nzile izimfanelo ezibalulekile, ozobakhona iminyaka eminingi. Ngakho uma ubheka izithombe zabo kwezinsana, ungakwazi utolike ezithile ebusweni njengoba kubonisa ethile nezimfanelo ukuthi manje etholakalayo, noma ngisho njengendlela yokubonisa umoya wakho. Dolezal uthi wasebenzisa nsundu, hhayi lama petshisi nemakhilayoni lapho ngesineke yena njengoba ingane. Lona umnyombo walokho lo mbono.

Noma, ngokwesibonelo, uma ubona wena esikhathini esithile (kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya amane), ekhanda lakho livela isithombe likubeka ngokucacile futhi obuphathekayo kanjani uyobheka, - umuntu owabhekana eziningi ezintsha, kodwa kuze kube manje uhlangabezana ekufuneni ukwazi okungaziwa. Ukhiye e nokwethulwa of "self" manje uma kuqhathaniswa "a" esikhathini esedlule noma esizayo, ukuba aqonde ukuthi bonke laba abenza lezo zinto yomkhakha owodwa. Wena kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ngeke adlule nobunzima nezilingo ngenakugwemeka, kwangathi ungaba ngisho nakho yoshintsho, kodwa zisekhona kusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni.

Izici theory Parfit sika

Parfitt uthi le ndlela engalungile. ubuntu bakho asikho isidingo ukuxhunyaniswa. I oneminyaka emibili, amabili, amane kanye devyanostopyatiletny ungaba ezithile uxhumano ngokwengqondo (izinkumbulo, izifiso izintandokazi, ukuthambekela), futhi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi ubuntu bakho bahlobene. Kodwa uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi lesi simo singenzeka izinguquko umzimba wenyama kwenzeke izinkinga inkumbulo futhi ezihlukahlukene reorientation, akunandaba mqondo ukucabanga ngami njengoba umuntu ofanayo, lihambe isikhathi. Lena uchungechunge abantu ucishe engahlobene, kunokuba kumuntu oyedwa ngokukhethekile.

Kanjani ukuba sikuqonde le ndaba?

Ake sithi Dolezal ngokuphelele ngokwethembeka kwizitatimende ngalokho uzizwa indoda omnyama akawasebenzisanga lesi sinyathelo kuphela inzuzo noma iyiphi inzuzo. Kuthiwani uma empeleni uzwa "abamnyama"? Kungani ungacabangi ukuthi nakho okuningi ekuphileni kwakhe, ezifana abazalwane abane abanebala elinsundu kanye nodade abathandekayo, kanye abanebala elinsundu owayengumyeni wakhe, okwaholela yokuthi waqala ukubona nalo muntu omnyama? Kungani izenzo zalo eqanjekisiwe iphuzu zofuzo umbono? Ingabe it ngajwayelekile enkathini lapho uhlanga akusho kubonakale beqonda hhayi njengendaba eyiqiniso yemvelo, kodwa kuyindlela yokuxhumana nabantu? Lesi sihloko akuhloselwe ukugxeka Dolezal lokho wayezizwa, kodwa kuphela isenzo yomphakathi senkohliso (uma zenzeka ngokoqobo), kodwa lokho omunye indaba. Sekuyisikhathi okugcwalisa izithembiso zakhe bese ubuyela isihloko. Njengoba umqondo Parfit sika zomazisi kungaholela ukuncipha ngokwesaba ukufa?

Parfitt nangesimo sengqondo ekuphileni

Parfitt uyavuma ukuthi kungenzeka abanye abantu abacindezelekile futhi ibhuntshiswa ukuqashelwa ukuthi kukhona umuntu umoya oqinileyo. Nokho, Parfitt ukholelwa umcabango onjalo, "akhululayo futhi kumduduze." Uyabhala: "Ngaphambi Ngaboshelwa yena. Ukuphila kwami kwakubonakala kimi emhubheni ingilazi, lapho mina ezihambayo ukuthi ngokushesha unyaka ngamunye, futhi ekupheleni kwalo mhubhe kwaba mnyama kuphela. " Kodwa ngemva reflection ezinde zefilosofi, konke kwashintsha: "Lapho ngishintshe umqondo wami, izindonga ingilazi emhubheni yanyamalala ngokushesha. Ngihlala phansi kwezulu evulekile. Ngokwemvelo, phakathi ukuphila kwami nokuphila kwabanye namanje kukhona umehluko. Kodwa is lincipha. Abanye abantu ziyasondela. Ngikhathazekile kancane ngokuphila kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe ukuphila kwabanye. "

Parfitt kanye sengqondo maqondana nokufa

Parfitt can kanjani ubheka ukufa manje? Ubhala ukuthi, ngokusho ukubukwa yakhe yangaphambili, ukhathazeke kakhulu mayelana ukufa kwakhe okwase kuseduze. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe emhlabeni bezingeke zibe khona umuntu ababenengxenye kuzo. Kodwa manje angakwazi sibheke leli qiniso kusuka kwenye umbono. Nakuba kamuva ekuphileni kwakhe kuyoba ukuvela okuningi, akekho kubo ngeke njengoba manje. Ngenxa yalokho ukufa umuntu othize - kungcono nje ngokuntula kwakhe ukuxhumana nakho kwakhe esikhathini esizayo. Uma ubheka inkinga kusukela lo mbono, ukufa akubonakali esibi, futhi akunandaba mqondo ukuba singesabi njengoPetru.