Kuyini mutagenic isici futhi lokho kuyingozi?

Kwezakhi njalo kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Indaba kwezakhi i umzimba kuyahlukahluka: kwenzeka okuthile ngaphakathi kuma-chromosome noma ufuzo, futhi lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile ezibonakala ngeso lenyama. Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela zinzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuze umzimba kungenzeka ukufa. I kuguquka ingekho ngokwalo. Isizathu njalo uthola isici mutagenic.

Kuyini ejenti mutagenic?

Izinguquko zofuzo futhi Ama-chromosomes e, isayensi uyafundelwa zofuzo. Linikeza incazelo yesayensi mutagens.

izici Mutagenic - ejenti zamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba ukuthi zibangela ushintsho esimweni izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo amaseli. Imvelo kwala magciwane zingase zihluke, futhi kulesi sikhundla kusekelwe ngezigaba.

izinhlobo mutagens

Kuye imvelaphi yabo ukwaba ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo futhi mutagens begazi. Noma yiziphi ezinye izinto mutagenic akunakubangelwa enye yalezi zinhlangano eziyizikhondlakhondla ezintathu.

Nomthelela nobutha cell ejenti ingaqondiswa ngqo molecule ye-DNA, bese izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo ilahlekelwa isakhiwo yayo yasekuqaleni. Ezinye mutagens iphazamise inqubo cell division, futhi izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo okuholela isakazwa kahle. Nokho, Kukhona izinto okuyinto iyodwa ngeke kwenziwe isibaluli mutagens. Kodwa umthelela ekhuthaza kwamakhemikhali enzyme ethile esenza sibe isici yangempela mutagenic. Lezi izinto kokuba "ezingaba" mutagenic, okukhulunywe promutagens.

izici Mutagenic. izibonelo

Ngu mutagens umsuka ngokomzimba zihlanganisa imithombo ka ionizing emisebeni, ukuchayeka UV ukukhanya, ngokungavamile lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kanye nomswakama.

Ngokwesibonelo, nombono ka emisebeni ultraviolet kokuba nobude obungamamitha angaphezu 260 nm esikuthola by iseli isitshalo futhi abangele ishidi kumiswa therein uncharacteristic ka pyrimidine dimers (zezakhi esikuziphathimandla DNA) okuyinto yena, ibe imbangela Ukufundwa amaphutha izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana amasha zihlobene molecule ye-DNA kusukela "okungalungile" isakhiwo.

amakhemikhali Ziningi mutagenic futhi promutagens. Izibonelo kukhona esisheshayo zinhlobo oksijini, ama-nitrate nama futhi nitrites, abanye izinsimbi, izidakamizwa nalabo izinto okuyinto kuze kube yilapho isintu kukhona emvelweni (amakhemikhali yasendlini, izithasiselo zokudla NEZIVIKELAKUVUNDA).

Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane okhulelwe angase kungabi isimo sabo futhi nithathe ezinye antibiotic, kuyingozi ezingenzeka embungwini. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ingase ukuthuthukisa yesifo azalwa naso kubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

I mutagens begazi zihlanganisa amagciwane, imikhiqizo imfucuza ezinye lenyama kanye nezinambuzane.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umthelela ezifana amagciwane ku amaseli kuyinqubo libizwa mutagenesis ezithathelwanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, igciwane Helicobacter pylori, abahlala kokubili abantu kanye amathumbu kungabangela ukuvuvukala mucosa. Ukuvuvukala eshintsha ukugeleza of redox izinqubo kumaseli ezilimele ukuthi okushintsha isakhiwo izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo kuzo. DNA ukulungisa izinqubo ephukile inkambo evamile kuhlukane-molecule. Umphumela - wezakhi.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana inqubo mutagenesis

Mutagenesis - yinqubo nesenzakalo yokwanda koshintsho. Yeka ukuthi luhlobo luni indlela, kungase kwenzeke?

Eziqine izici mutagenic kubangele okuthiwa chromosomal ukungazinzi. Ngenxa izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo noma isakazwa Ukuboshelwa ku ahlukaniswe amaseli noma ukufakela ama-chromosome isakhiwo ngokwaso kuyahlukahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-chromosome ezimbili bavezwa ejenti nolaka bashintshisane iziza zabo.

Isici Mutagenic Ungase futhi ushintshe ukulandelana DNA acid nucleic. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezifana zinobuthi noma kubangele ukugula okungathí sina kakhulu lapho ehlaselwe nucleotide abalulekile, kodwa futhi lesi simo singenzeka ngaphandle pathologies, uma onjalo nucleic acid ukulandelanisa azilimele.

Indlela uzivikele ukuchayeka mutagens?

izici Mutagenic akuzona ikuyo yonke indawo, ngakho usazoba ewusizo ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile izifo.

Antioxidants - iqembu ebalulekile compounds esikuvimbela ukuchayeka carcinogens. Futhi zingakusiza ukuba ukuze azivikele zonke izinhlobo amakhemikhali nobutha. Izibonelo Antioxidants Amavithamini A, C no-E, i-beta-carotene no-flavonoid. Lezi izinto kukhona sibaningi kakhulu atholakala imifino nezithelo, kanye itiye eliluhlaza.

Kubalulekile ukuzama ukuze bazivikele ejenti enqabayo ephathekako emisebe ye-UV noma yogwayi njengoba. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Australia, iyikhaya inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe, futhi kukhona ngokuvamile sezulu sunny. Amaphesenti amacala melanoma kuleli zwe, ngeshwa, kuphezulu.

Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo antibiotic, zilalele ukudla futhi sizame ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nezivimbelakuvunda. Okungcono kakhulu, yebo, ukuthi bekungaba banamathele ezimisweni yokudla ukudla okunempilo.

izici Mutagenic kwemvelo, ukunqoba abanamandla. Nokho, ukuze uzivikele ethonyeni labo kungenzeka, uma sizibeka empilweni yabo.