Kuyini ngesibonakhulu? ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane

Lesi sihloko sichaza lokho ngesibonakhulu, ziyini, yiziphi izinhlobo kukhona futhi umlando indalo yayo.

I Endulo

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kukhona njalo labo unganelisekile incazelo kweBhayibheli isakhiwo zomhlaba, abangathanda ukuthi siqonde ubunjalo izinto futhi essence yabo. Noma ubani akuyona into esiyifunayo isiphetho umlimi abavamile noma umdobi njengoba University efanayo.

Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi eyala ehlukahlukene wathola ngesikhathi Renaissance, lapho abantu baqala ukubona ukubaluleka ucwaningo emhlabeni kanye nezinye izinto. Ikakhulukazi kulesi eyabasiza kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene optical - izibonakude kanye microscopes. Ngakho-ke yini microscope? Owabudala nalapho kule divayisi isetshenziswa esikhathini sethu?

definition

Okokuqala, sichaza incazelo esemthethweni kakhulu. Ngokusho ke, microscope - idivayisi ukuthola isithombe lakhulisiwe nobe isakhiwo. Kusukela isibonakude efanayo ungachazwa ukuthi isidingo isifundo lezinto amancane eduze, hhayi amabanga cosmic. Kungenxa ethile igama ungumbhali waleli okusungulile akwaziwa, kodwa emlandweni walondoloza Ukhulumé abantu abambalwa ababezimisele ngowokuqala ukuyisebenzisa futhi yakhiwe kahle. Ngokusho kwabo, e-1590, i-umDashi okuthiwa ioann Lippersgey ethulwa wakhe wokusungula emphakathini. ubuqambi Its futhi uyasho futhi kaZakariya Janssen. Futhi ngo-1624 i-uGalileo Galilei owaziwa futhi kwakhiwa idivayisi efanayo.

Ukuze ngesibonakhulu enjalo ukuphenya, kodwa ethonya isayensi? Cishe kakhulu ngendlela "isihlobo" isibonakude yakhe. Siqala bakudala, kodwa kule divayisi kungenzeka ukuba sinqobe ukungapheleli iso womuntu futhi ukubheka sekuba yinto enkulu. Nge kamuva bathole okuningi emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, nezifundo zezentuthwae, ezesayensi yezitshalo kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi.

Kuyini microscope, manje sobala, kodwa lapho asasebenza nanamuhla?

isayensi

Biology, i-physics, i-chemistry - yonkhe lemikhakha wesayensi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuba bahlolisise okushiwo izinto amehlo ethu noma elula ingilazi esingenakuzibona. Kunzima ukucabanga kwezokwelapha zanamuhla ngaphandle kwalezi amadivayisi: bangakwazi okutholakele zenziwa, ichaza izinhlobo izifo, izifo ezithathelwanayo nokuphelelwa muva baze bakwazi ngisho "ukuthatha isithombe" ka-DNA yomuntu chain.

Ngo-physics, zonke ethé ukuhluka kancane, ikakhulukazi labo lezifunda yayo lapho ukusebenza isifundo izinhlayiya aphansi kanye nezinye izinto ezincane. Kukhona isibonakhulu laboratory Kuthi ezahlukene kusukela evamile, ezivamile amadivayisi optical ukusiza kancane ukuba esikhundleni saso kungene isikhathi eside weza zokubetha yakamuva electronic. Lesi sakamuva ivumela ungathandi ithola ukwanda sibambe ongezansi, kodwa ngisho ukubhalisa ama-athomu ngabanye kanye nama-molecule.

Lokhu kungase kwenziwe isibaluli, futhi yobugebengu, okuyinto lezi zinsimbi ayadingeka ukucacisa ubufakazi, ukuqhathanisa eningiliziwe zeminwe kanye nezinye izinto.

Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle nangezibonakhulu nezazi zezwe lasendulo, ezifana-paleontology nemivubukulo. Ziyakwazi ezidingekile uthole ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe kokulandisa izinsalela izitshalo, amathambo isilwane nabantu kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngabantu esikhathini esidlule. Futhi by the way, isibonakhulu laboratory enamandla ingaba khulula ukuthenga ukusetshenziswa yabo siqu. Nokho, akuwona wonke angaba namandla okuwunikela. Ukuhlolisisa lezo zinhlobo amadivaysi.

izinhlobo

Okokuqala, i-main futhi eminingi yasendulo - ngukukhanya optical. Amadivayisi anjalo kusadingeka kunoma iyiphi isikole eklasini biology. Kuyinto iqoqo lens nge ubude adjustable nesibuko okukhanyisa into. Ngezinye izikhathi esikhundleni emthonjeni ozimele yokukhanya. Ingqikithi isibonakhulu ezifana ukushintsha ubude ebonakalayo spectrum optical.

Okwesibili - kuba electronic. Wenza kube nzima nakakhulu. Ngamagama alula, nombono yokukhanya ebonakalayo kuyinto 390 kuya 750 nm. Futhi uma into, isibonelo, igciwane -Cell we eziphilayo incane ke ukukhanya nje zungeza sengathi ngeke ngokuvamile kubonakala. A idivayisi efanayo circumvents lemithetho: amandla kazibuthe enza amagagasi "izacile" ukukhanya, yingakho ungabona izinto amancanyana. Lokhu kuyaphawuleka ikakhulukazi kule isayensi, efana biology. Microscope yalolu hlobo lungaphezu aphakeme nokukhanya optical.

Neyesithathu - kuba uhlobo uphenyo. A lolumalula kule divayisi, lapho ebusweni isampula "selitholakala" ngesisekelo probe nokunyakaza yayo nokudludliza ihlanganiswe noma unhlangothi-ntathu raster image.