Inhlabathi Brown, izakhiwo zawo kanye ngezigaba

Chestnut ucingo simo inhlabathi ukuze kwakhiwe okuyizinto emaqeleni ezomile. Yini property onsundu nenhlabathi njengoba akhiwa, okuyizinkinga ezivamile, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

Kuphi futhi kanjani ukwakha onsundu nenhlabathi?

Indawo Lokudabuka kukhona emaqeleni ezomile kanye sezulu eyomile, nemvula encane, ezingeni lelisetulu ukuhwamuka. Chestnut nenhlabathi akhiwa ngaphansi izimila kwaphela, ngakho inqubo wapheka kuyinto ampofu uma eqhathaniswa abamnyama umhlaba endaweni. Imibandela moistening kuncike ukuthi ubuthaka kangakanani noma eqinile wapheka inqubo siyofezwa.

isisho okuningi okukhulu izifunda zalo enyakatho zinezikhathi esishintshashintshayo lapho kumiswa Kwenziwa nenhlabathi kakhulu abacebile humus - konsundu. With ekuthuthukisweni eningizimu anda ukoma sezulu. Inguquko yalezi nenhlabathi ukuze ensundu, ke, humus okuqukethwe ukukhanya onsundu zazo uphansi, kusebenta kwaloliwe nalabasebenta umkhathizwe - kancane.

Uma kuna imvula encane futhi inhlabathi wageza imikhiqizo inhlabathi wavuma nosawoti akunakwenzeka ukungena ngokujulile, ngakho uhlale phezu. Nge noqhekeko eyingqabavu izimila kanye yingxube njenge calcium, i-silicon magnesium, nezinsimbi alikhali kokudedelwa ngo inqwaba. Ngenxa yobukhona babo emhlabathini ucala kutfutfukisa ayinayo. Isici esibalulekile enhlabathini zone asemaqeleni sezulu esomile wukuthi inqubo solonetsous esikhulu wapheka.

Inhlabathi izinhlobo emaqeleni ezomile

• Chernozem eningizimu, livamile.
• konsundu.
• Chestnut.
• brown ukukhanya.

Chernozem futhi onsundu nenhlabathi strip okuqhubekayo esisuka kusuka entshonalanga kuya elaliphansi kwamagquma Altai. Eastern Altai kukhona eziqhingini ezincane elingalodwa kuleyo ndawo elisemcengezini, Selenga naseMpumalanga Trans-iBaikal emaqeleni. Lezi nenhlabathi kukhona abantu abaningi sebekholelwa le iCaspian emathafeni naseKazakhstan endaweni anamagquma.

Ukuze uqhathanise, mhlabathi omnyama hlala 8.5 amaphesenti angu-Russian asemaqeleni kanye usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela nenhlabathi - konke 3. Isici esiyinhloko chernozems kuphezulu humus okuqukethwe. chernozem ejwayelekile kuhluke ithebula komhlaba ejulile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi stratum engenhla inhlabathi imvula sifakwe emanzini ezinhle, ephansi - amanzi phansi, futhi emkhathizwe esomile phakathi. Kuyinto mibandela Site kumiswa umhlaba omnyama futhi onsundu nenhlabathi.

subtype ngamunye inhlabathi nsundu, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezishisayo ikhishwe amaqembu ezilandelayo: efudumele, alungise, ezijulile-abandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi subtype inhlabathi ongayedwa ahlukaniswe ngokobulili. Lena ezivamile, ane-alikhali, ane-alikhali-saline, residually solonetzic, carbonate, carbonate-solonetzic. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-chestnut nenhlabathi yemihlobo ehlukeneko kufanele ukubonakaliswa ngokungalingani izimpawu njenge ayinayo kanye nosawoti.

Nenhlabathi kukhona konsundu

Athatha ingxenye esenyakatho-zone. nenhlabathi onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe cloddy Dark abe lumpy luyimbudumbudu isakhiwo humus umkhathizwe umhlaba zasendle futhi umhlabathi - lumpy silty. Izehlo of Gypsum nosawoti encibilikayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi of mayelana ezimbili amamitha ukujula. Izimpawu inhlabathi brown akunakwenzeka ngaphandle incazelo humus umkhathizwe. Kulesi inhlabathi isifinyelele ngamasentimitha 50. Ngo nenhlabathi ane-alikhali engxenyeni engezansi emkhathizwe humus kuyinto ayazika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthuthukisa izinhlayiya colloidal.

isakhiwo lumpy futhi blocky ezimnyama onsundu nenhlabathi. izakhiwo zabo ziyisiliva evelele nge okwandisa ayinayo umkhathizwe. ubuso Bezakhiwe baye lacquered uqweqwe umbala iba nsundu ngokubomvu. Rhode solonetzic amnyama onsundu nenhlabathi sehlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Nonsolonetsous. Bona zithola amaphesenti angaba ngu-3-sodium ukumuncwa kusukela wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu.
• , Wavuma inhlabathi - amaphesenti 3-5.
• Srednesolontsevatye - 5-10.
• Kakhulu okunosawoti - 10-15.

Isici amnyama onsundu nenhlabathi

• nosawoti Solonetsous inhlabathi emnyama kukhona amatshe kakhulu nosawoti. At eyodwa imitha yamanzi nosawoti encibilikayo inyuka ukujula.
• Ngo nenhlabathi ane-alikhali residually kungabonakali exchangeable sodium okuqukethwe. Kukhona ayinayo asalile.
• Ngo solonetsous inhlabathi solodized engxenyeni engenhla noma engezansi emkhathizwe humus kunyatheliswa osolodevaniya obuze Silica powdering ngobuso kwesakhiwo.

• Carbonate onsundu nenhlabathi unayo i okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile carbonate phezu. Indawo yezimfundo zabo kukhona amatshe esindayo.
• Kumiswa nenhlabathi carbonate-ane-alikhali senziwe nosawoti rocks heavy mechanical kwengoma. Nenhlabathi abe high density futhi Waphuka iphrofayela kwalokho. Lapho ezimanzi, uqala ukuba sikhukhumale bese yizinkulumo.

Izici inhlabathi esinsundu

It ahluke humus umkhathizwe. Ngo nenhlabathi onsundu, bangamaphesenti 30-40 ngamasentimitha. carbonates Iningi aqoqana ngesikhathi ngamasentimitha 50, Gypsum ukujula - 170, nosawoti amanzi-encibilikayo - in a ukujula imitha ezimbili. Lezi nenhlabathi babe izici ezifanayo ejwayelekile njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Nenhlabathi kukhona ukukhanya esinsundu

Area kumiswa yabo engxenyeni eseningizimu emaqeleni ezomile elalihlala sagebrush futhi utshani izitshalo. Lezi nenhlabathi akhiwa sezulu kakhulu. Umkhathizwe humus incane - 25-30 amasentimitha. It libhekene structureless Ukwakheka ababuthakathaka nokugeza. Ngenxa yalokhu ungqimba carbonate amanga eduze kwamanzi. Ukujula Gypsum umkhathizwe 1 Imitha 20 amasentimitha. Kulesi inhlabathi nosawoti kalula encibilikayo buthelela eziningi ezinkulu, ngakho izimpawu ayinayo avele yonke indawo. Musa nenhlabathi brown ane-alikhali zingatholakala kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

Umkhathizwe engenhla lokhu umhlabathi umbala ukukhanya, oyiyo okuxekethile. Kuthinta osolodevanie. Khanyisa onsundu nenhlabathi zihlukaniswe ngobulili kanye nezinye. Ayinayo kanye nosawoti ku nenhlabathi ukukhanya futhi ngokucacile wabonisa imfanelo zonal.

ukusetshenziswa

Inhlabathi yase-emaqeleni, ikakhulukazi onsundu amnyama, has izinqolobane okwanele izakhi. It has a wenzalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Sikhula ukolweni, unyaluthi, ummbila, ubhekilanga, amakhabe kanye nezitshalo horticultural. Nothile Kuveza siphakeme kakhulu kunalokhu uma umhlabathi ukwenza i-phosphorus, umanyolo, nitrogen umquba bese ubamba umswakama kuwo.

Chestnut nenhlabathi ngaphandle imibala emnyama noma elikhanyayo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa hayfields, amadlelo, amasimu eshayisa. Kodwa ubuye efanelekayo ukutshalwa izitshalo ngenhla. On nenhlabathi ukukhanya onsundu kukhule izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kungenzeka kuphela ngenkasa yalo evamile.

Chestnut nenhlabathi ane-alikhali kuhluke wenzalo enviable. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa sokufunwa yayo zamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ezijule kangangokuba alime ezweni.

amaphutha

• brown ukukhanya, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela futhi ane-alikhali inhlabathi humus ungqimba asemaqeleni babe umthamo encane. Ngeke ahlinzeke ungqimba impande kwezimo ezivamile.
• umkhathizwe iphulwe kwenzeka kuqhathaniswa engajulile. Lokhu kuphazamisa umbuso amanzi kwenhlabathi kanye kuvimbela izimpande isitshalo ukungena ngokujulile.
• nenhlabathi ane-alikhali unayo i okuhlushwa alikhali anda, okwenza kube ezidingekayo oxidize umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa.
• asemaqeleni inhlabathi yokuntuleka umswakama kanye nezakhi ezondla umzimba, brown ukukhanya ikakhulukazi.

Indoda kufanele ukusiza onsundu, ongaphakeme-amandla, malostrukturnym futhi ane-alikhali nenhlabathi abe umuntu unamandla, ucebile e humus kanye nezakhi. Kuyadingeka ukuba ehlelekile nisela inhlabathi ubuyise imithombo yamanzi yayo ukwenza kube manyolo organic nokumbiwa, ukuze ihambisane namasu zakamuva yokulima.