Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana. Uyini komphakathi kwezingane zasenkulisa yobudala

Komphakathi kuyinto kwezenhlalo nezingokwengqondo izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyiyona ndlela umuntu kuyinto nokwenziwa kolwazi, izinkambiso kanye namagugu ukuthi bakuchaza ngokuthi ilunga eliphelele umphakathi. Kuyinto lechubekako kanye imfuneko ukuphila elilungile ubuntu.

Komphakathi kwezingane zasenkulisa yobudala ohlelweni GEF ukuze

Ngokwe-federal amazinga isimo sezemfundo imfundvo yasetinkhulisa (GEF), komphakathi nokuthuthukiswa yekuchumana zobuntu zasenkulisa kubhekwe njengendlela endaweni olulodwa zemfundo - ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana. Njengoba isici esivelele yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle khulumela isimo senhlalo.

Letincenye eyinhloko komphakathi

inqubo komphakathi iqala ukubonakala emhlabeni, futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.

Lihlanganisa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• nokwenziwa nakho komphakathi yomuntu ngezithukuthuku entry yayo ohlelweni social nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana;
• ukukhiqizwa kabusha asebenzayo kohlelo lokuxhumana komphakathi muntu inqubo ukufakwa isimo senhlalo.

isakhiwo komphakathi

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka komphakathi, sibhekene shift ezithile kumuzwa social imibono yabo ngamagugu nezimo of a subject ethize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu yena kuyindaba asebenzayo okuqonda kanye nesipiliyoni kwesicelo. Izingxenye ezisemqoka we komphakathi samukelwa ekudluliselweni nenkambiso yamasiko izikhungo zomphakathi (umndeni, esikoleni, njll), kanye nenqubo ithonya mutual abantu ngaphakathi kohlaka imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela. Ngakho, phakathi izindawo okumele kubhekwane inqubo komphakathi, ukwaba umsebenzi, ukuxhumana kanye lokukwazi ukuzihlola. Ngazo zonke lezi zindawo kukhona ukunwetshwa ubudlelwano womuntu imvelo.

isici umsebenzi

Umqondo AN umsebenzi Leontiev sika kwengqondo kuyinto nokuxhumana esebenzayo yomuntu ne ngokoqobo ezizungezile, lapho isihloko igxile umthelela into, kanjalo nezidingo zabo. Imisebenzi ukuhlukanisa ngemibandela eziningana: i-izindlela, ukuma, ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo, nezinye izindlela bokuphila.

Kodwa umehluko oyinhloko izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi okuyisihloko imininingwane okumele kubhekwane nazo noma lolo hlobo lomsebenzi. Isihloko umsebenzi nza ngayo indaba isesimweni ephelele. Ngakho lento idatha ngamunye kunendingeko eziqondile. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo omunye umsebenzi abakwazi khona ngaphandle benomgomo othile. umsebenzi Unmotivated, ngokuya AN Leontiev, ngumqondo okunemibandela. Eqinisweni, isisusa namanje kunjalo, Nokho, kungase baphathe esicashile.

Liyisisekelo sako konke izinto eziyimisebenzi izenzo ehlukile (izinqubo kuchazwe injongo bayazi).

Ububanzi yokuxhumana

Ububanzi yokuxhumana kanye mkhakha womsebenzi ahlobene eduze. Kwezinye imiqondo ngokwengqondo zokuxhumana ubonakala njengeNkosi umsebenzi side. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umsebenzi ingaba njengesihluthulelo izimo inqubo yokuxhumana engenziwa ngaphansi kwazo. Inqubo ukunwetshwa zokuxhumana ngabanye senzeka ngokuhamba okwandisa oxhumana walo kwabanye. Laba oxhumana yena, ingafakwa inqubo ukuqaliswa ngezenzo ezahlukahlukene ngokuhlanganyela - okungukuthi, ngokuhamba evamile yebhizinisi.

Level oxhumana nabo komphakathi yomuntu kunqunywa izici ngamunye-kwengqondo. indima ebalulekile futhi udlala imininingwane yobudala isihloko zokuxhumana. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana wenziwa inqubo decentration (shift kusukela monologic ukuba dialogic ifomu). Umuntu ufunda ukugxila umlingani wakho, kwi ukunemba kakhudlwana Umbono wakhe kanye nokuhlola.

Ububanzi ukwazi

Kumiswa endaweni yesithathu komphakathi, self-ungubani ngu kumiswa singobani yakhe. Yasungulwa Ucwaningo ezingavela self-izithombe umuntu ngokushesha, kodwa akhiwa phakathi nenkambo yokuphila kwakhe ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezehlukene emphakathini. Isakhiwo I-ngabanye kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka: ukuzazi (ingxenye engqondweni yethu), ukuhlolwa uqobo (ngokomzwelo) sengqondo kuwe (kokuziphatha).

Nokuzenyeza inquma ukuqonda ubuntu ngokwaso njengoba uhlobo ubuqotho, ukuqaphela ukuthi bangobani siqu. Ukuthuthukiswa ukuzinyeza ngokuhamba komphakathi kuyinqubo elawulwa, kwenziwe inqubo yokufuna nakho nomphakathi nohlu elalanda imisebenzi kanye zokuxhumana. Ngakho, self-ukuthuthukiswa ngeke ayithathe indawo umsebenzi ngaphandle ukuthi njalo kwenziwe ushintsho lokumelwa ngazinye ngokwabo ngokuhambisana ukumelwa abasafufusa emehlweni abanye.

Inqubo komphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela, kufanele kubhekwe kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ubunye tonkhe totintsatfu tinhlaka - Umsebenzi like nokuxhumana futhi lokukwazi ukuzihlola.

Izici yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nomnikazi yokuxhumana ubudala zasenkulisa

ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana lezingane zasenkulisa ingenye izakhi eziyisisekelo ohlelweni ubuntu kumiswa wengane. Inqubo nokuxhumana abadala nontanga oluthinta ngqo hhayi kuphela ngohlangothi yezenhlalakahle yengane zasenkulisa, kodwa futhi kwi ukwakheka izinqubo zayo engqondo (inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ulimi, kanye nabanye.). Izinga yentuthuko kule minyaka zasenkulisa kuyinto ngqo wakhona nekusebenta lithathelwe kwalo okwalandela emphakathini.

ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana we GEF izingane zasenkulisa kuhlanganisa kukho okulandelayo:

• ezingeni yentuthuko azizwe amukelekile kwabanye abantu nemindeni yabo, ukuhlonipha abanye;
• ezingeni yentuthuko nokuxhumana wengane nge abadala nontanga;
• ezingeni lokulungela wengane ukusebenza ndawonye nontanga yabo;
• ezingeni nokwenziwa izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nemithetho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa zokuziphatha wengane;
• ezingeni sokuphikelela nokuzethemba;
• ezingeni kumiswa isimo sengqondo esihle maqondana nomsebenzi kanye lokusungula;
• ezingeni sokudalwa ulwazi emkhakheni ezempilo nokuphepha (ezihlukahlukene izimo zezenhlalo nezemvelo);
• ezingeni ekukhuleni (sphere zezenhlalo nezingokomzwelo) kanye nokuthuthukiswa uzwela sphere (uzwela, ububele).

amazinga quantitative yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nomnikazi yekuchumana lezingane zasenkulisa

Kuye ngezinga of ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezichaza ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana we GEF, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa aphansi, aphakathi nendawo kanye namakhulu amazinga aphezulu.

Izinga High, ngokulandelana, kwenzeka ngezinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa imingcele ngazo ngenhla. Kulokhu, omunye isimo esivumayo kulokhu kuyisici yokuntuleka izinkinga emkhakheni yokuxhumana bengane abadala nontanga. Iqhaza evelele eyadlalwa uhlobo ubudlelwane emkhayeni zasenkulisa. Futhi nethonya elihle ku-amathuba emisebenzi nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi-yekuchumana ingane.

Izinga isilinganiso ngokuchaza ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, libhekene ukwehluleka kumiswa amakhono kwezinye izinkomba akhethiwe, odala yena, ubunzima ku ingane ixoxa nabanye. Nokho, ukuntuleka ekukhuleni kwengane angasisiza bebodwa, ethola usizo olungatheni abadala. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo wabe komphakathi kuqhathaniswa ahlukile.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana zasenkulisa izingane amazinga aphansi ukubonakaliswa ezinye nemingcele akhethiwe zingakwazi ukukhiqiza impikiswano enkulu emkhakheni yokuxhumana zezingane nomkhaya wakhe kanye nabanye. Kulokhu, a preschooler akakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale nkinga kuphela - udinga usizo kubantu abadala, kuhlanganise nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nosonhlalakahle.

Kunoma ikuphi, le komphakathi kwezingane ubudala zasenkulisa kudinga ukunakekelwa njalo futhi ukuqapha gqwa abazali bobabili yengane, futhi esikhungweni semfundo.

zamakhono Komphakathi kanye yekuchumana wengane

ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yokuxhumana zasenkulisa kuhloswe asathuthuka zamakhono zezingane nomphakathi kanye yekuchumana. Sekukonke, zikhona amakghono amathathu abalulekile okufanele ingane yingcweti ngaphakathi sikhungo: ubuchwepheshe, ulwazi, ezenhlalakahle kanye nokubhekelela yekuchumana.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, zamakhono kwezenhlalo futhi kuchumana kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili:

1. Komphakathi - isilinganiso yezifiso siqu nezifiso zabanye; ukuxhumana elikhiqizayo amalungu iqembu ababelana ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo.
2. Luchumano - ikhono ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo enqubeni inkhulumomphendvulwano; Ukuzimisela ukwethula kanye nokuvikela iphuzu zabo umbono ngenhlonipho ngqo isikhundla abanye; ikhono ukusebenzisa lo mthombo enqubeni zokuxhumana ikhambi izinkinga ezithile.

uhlelo Modular kwetinhlavu zamakhono kwezenhlalo futhi kuchumana

ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana ngaphakathi ukusungulwa zemfundo kubonakala kufanelekile ukulandela ngokuhambisana amamojuli ezilandelayo: yezokwelapha, module PMPC (ngokwengqondo, ukubonisana yezokwelapha futhi Pedagogical) nokuhlola, ngokwengqondo, Pedagogical, nomphakathi kanye Pedagogical. Umsebenzi wokuqala likhona egunjini labagulayo ke, uma lithathelwe ngempumelelo izingane PMPC mojuli. Okunye modules ukusebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi uqhubeke usebenze parallel egunjini labagulayo kanye PMPC, kuze ukukhululwa kwezingane kusukela zasenkulisa.

Ngamunye amamojula lisikisela ubuchwepheshe ethize, esebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nezinhloso okuhloswe module. Inqubo ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo Kwenziwa module ukuphathwa uhlela imisebenzi yayo yonke iminyango. Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana izingane has ukwesekwa kuwo wonke amazinga adingekayo - ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo.

Ukwehlukanisa kwezingane e zasenkulisa ngaphakathi module PMPC

Njengengxenye yokubonisana ngokomqondo, wezokwelapha kanye Pedagogical, ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa zonke izikhonzi inqubo yokufunda zasenkulisa (. Othisha, odokotela bengqondo, abaphathi abaphezulu umhlengikazi, nabanye), Kungcono ukuthi bahlukanise phakathi izingane kule mikhakha elandelayo:

• izingane impilo abampofu;
• izingane bohlanga ingozi (fuzz ft noh hujan, nolaka, ivaliwe, kanye nabanye.);
• izingane ezinezinkinga zokufunda;
• izingane amakhono evelele endaweni ethile;
• izingane abangenalo izici ekuthuthukisweni.

Enye yezinselelo esebenza ngamunye amaqembu akhethiwe typological ukuthuthukisa zamakhono kwezenhlalo futhi kuchumana njengoba esisodwa sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu, olusekela emkhakheni wezemfundo.

ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana - izici ashukumisayo. Inhloso kokubonisana kuyinto ukugcina umkhondo Dynamics ngokuya ukuthuthukiswa obunobunye. I kokubonisana ezifanele kumele kwenziwe kuwo wonke amaqembu e zasenkulisa, kuhlanganise okuqukethwe kwalo futhi yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle-yekuchumana. Iqembu phakathi, isibonelo, ngokuhamba uhlelo likhona uhlelo lokuxhumana komphakathi esebenzisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi yokudlala ;
• ekugxiliseni imithetho eyisisekelo kanye nemithethonqubo ubudlelwano ingane nge abadala nontanga;
• kumiswa yokubonisa imizwa yokushisekela izwe we ngane nomndeni futhi ubuzwe.

Ukuze isebenzise lezi imisebenzi e zasenkulisa kumele kube amaseshini ekhethekile ku ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye yekuchumana. Phakathi kulezi zifundo ekuguquleni ubudlelwano wengane kwabanye, kanye nekhono lokuzenzela.