Kuyini oratorio yomculo?

Uyini isikhulumi? Le nkulumo isho ukuthi eziningi umculo kulotshelwe-orchestra (kuhlanganise isitho), ngoba choir, kanye ngabanye abaculi-soloists. Ngokuvamile, indaba oratorio kusekelwe izingqikithi kweBhayibheli.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini i oratorio e umculo, udinga ukubheka umlando lo mqondo. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mkhiqizo uvele ekupheleni ebandleni XVI ekhulwini ubugagu, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo-St Filipom Neri e-Italy. Igama livela Latin elithi "oratorium", okusho ukuthi ikamelo okhethekile ukuze bathandaze futhi umhlangano amalungu ebandla.

"On the nomphefumulo nomzimba," Emilio De Cavalieri - ingumkhiqizo wokuqala elikuvumela ukuba nibone ukuthi oratorio e umculo. Waphetha ngokuthi indlela entsha umculo, njengoba yakhiwa ahlukene imishwana solo ababe wehlukile, kodwa futhi uhambisana nezinsimbi zomculo choir.

Ekuqaleni ebhaliwe oratorios ku waseBhayibhelini futhi ivangeli main theme futhi zazivame esetshenziswa ukwenza ngqo ethempelini ezinsukwini ngamaholide ezinkulu zenkolo. Ngakho, kwakukhona Christmas, Easter, inkanuko, kanye nezinye izinhlobo efanayo umculo. Yona kanye nencazelo yesibili yegama, waveza, it is okokuqala nokubaluleke kwaba umthandazo, Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ucezu umculo isiba wokuziphilisa ngaphezulu futhi zayiswa esiteji of the weshashalazi.

Amathrendi Development e-Italy

Italy - ezweni lapho ozalwa eyiqaphuqaphu. Abaqambi Benedetto Ferrari Agostino Agatstsari Loreto Vitoria, Dzhakomo Karissimi, nabanye abaningi niyenzé ucezu umculo linje namuhla, kuhlanganise nesakhiwo, emakhorasi kushintshana, izinombolo wezinsimbi, kanye isikhalazo bendabuko emibhalweni yeBhayibheli.

Imisebenzi yilezi abalobi zihlukaniswa khona imibala egqamile, ukudlala nobumsulwa. A indima ekhethekile futhi unikezwa ukuthi Alessandro Scarlatti, omisebenzi yakhe babe eliphakeme we isiqondiso zomculo.

Oratorio eJalimane

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini i oratorio e umculo, ingasaphathwa indima eJalimane. Kuyinto kulelizwe lithuthela abaholayo kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale ucezu umculo ekhulwini XVII. Ukuqala le nkathi kubeka umsebenzi "Passion" Heinrich Schütz, ke okufakiwe ngaphandle kwezwe lakwa-Italy uyinto efana oratorio. Izibonelo imisebenzi eJalimane ngesikhathi esilandelayo: "Bethulia liberata" Ignaz Holtsbauera kuJakobe: "La Conversione di S. Agostino" Johann Adolf Hasse, futhi usebenze Antonio Kaldara, Nicola et al Yomelli neziphawulekayo art Ioganna Mattezona ethwala isikhulumi kusukela lamaKatolika. isonto lamaProthestani. Wabhala imisebenzi 24 zomculo, Nokho, izindaba okuyinto ezathathwa iBhayibheli, babexhumana nesimo esikuso njengamanje. Lokhu kwavumela ukuba omunye show, yini i oratorio.

Handel, Bach, futhi uHaydn

Lokhu kuthambekela zomculo yayina kakhulu emisebenzini Geniuses ezifana Handel, Bach, futhi Haydn. Lezi bomculo bakwazi ukuphefumula impilo entsha ku uhlobo futhi likhiphe emathempelini yaseshashalazini kanye concert amahholo.

Iogann Bah olusha ngokuphelele bendabuko isikhulumi isiJalimane, akunika izwe yobuciko ezifana "Christmas Oratorio", "Easter Oratorio" futhi isebenza "St John Passion" futhi "St uMathewu Passion." Lezi imisebenzi kuze kube namuhla ibhekwa njengezwekazi nezeminye futhi ivame ukuba avele phezu izigaba.

Yozef Gaydn wabhala izincwadi ezimbili ezinkulu kule uhlobo, "The Creation" futhi "Izinkathi Zonyaka." Encwadini yakhe ethi, wasebenzisa imibhalo yezwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe i oratorio, impilo ephelele kumuntu ovamile, nezinjabulo yakhe kanye nosizi. Yena bakwazile ukuhlanganisa ukujula the isosha esihlatshelelwayo nomculo ukunemba.

Fridrih Gendel ehlukile kwabonisa ukuthi buyasebenza oratorio ezinjalo. Kuchazwa uhlobo ngokuvumelana umqambi - inhlanganisela amasiko Italian futhi isiJalimane izici. Phezulu umsebenzi wakhe ukwenza imisebenzi efana "UMesiya," "ethi Israel in Egypt", "USamsoni" nabanye.

yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye

Kusukela phakathi XIX leminyaka izinguquko oratorio isakhiwo futhi iqala ukubuyela ezimpandeni zayo. Umsebenzi wobuciko ilindele kwezilaleli ekwenzeni ezihlukahlukene emaculweni chorales. Ematheksthi ngokwabo ngizindla ezithile nekucabangisisa. ISonto LamaKatolika ngendlela ehlukile sabonisa ukuthi lo oratorio. Lokhu kwayifaka umfutho Felix Mendelssohn, owadala yobuciko ezifana "Eliya" futhi "St Paul", kanye Ferents ohlwini ngemisebenzi "The Legend of St. Elizabeth" nalesitsi "Khristu".

Izinguquko ziyeza baya eFrance, lapho naphezu uthando jikelele kuyi-opera, izethameli abanentshisekelo futhi oratorio. Phakathi nale nkathi kwakuba amagama ezifana Charles-Fransua Guno, Camille Saint-Saëns, Zhyul Massne, Gabriel Pierné nabanye. Umsebenzi walaba bomculo lavuselelwa omkhulu nje kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi Melika.

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili futhi isikhathi sethu

XX leminyaka ehlukile ubonisa ukuthi lokhu oratorio. Umsebenzi libhekene ukusetshenziswa bendabuko izingqikithi kweBhayibheli, kodwa nge incazelo ezijulile, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezingathí sina isikhathi sethu.

Futhi, lesi sikhathi libhekene Kuhlanganiswe oratorio nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo, kuhlanganise opera, agingqa. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile emisebenzini Artyura Oneggera, Dariyusa uMiyo, Igorya Fodorovicha Stravinskogo nabanye. Ivela futhi ohlangothini olusha - the oratorio-opera. Esikhathini sethu, lolu hlobo lomculo luseyintandokazi futhi kungatholakala ku izigcawu the edume kakhulu emhlabeni.

Umahluko phakathi opera cantata

Ngo XVI-XVII kwekhulu kanyekanye nesikhulumi, kwakukhona nezinye izinhlobo zomculo, kuhlanganise i-opera, oratorio. Leyo misebenzi zinezikhathi izindima ezifanayo ngoba Soloists futhi izinhlobo ngokwanele afanayo choir kanye weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Naphezu kwalokhu, futhi babe nezici ehlukile.

Uma sikhuluma opera, kuba Nokho, i-close uhlobo kuya oratorio, has a action esiteji ebonakalayo, ikakhulukazi, amasethi, izinto zokubhukuda. Lezi izinto ezingekho kuleli ubugagu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Opera evumela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kwesidingo lokuhlushwa kuphela imibhalo yenkolo. Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi sekungena obusa oratorio, kuyilapho opera zonke umlingisi unethuba emakhono abo futhi ithalente. Umehluko futhi sakhiwe kuleli ubude besikhathi sokusebenza. Oratorio sihlala ihora elilodwa (ubuningi ezimbili) ngenkathi opharetha eside.

Ngokuqondene cantata, solo oratorio esebona nasenanini elikhulu nemdlalo ngaphezulu. Cantata futhi izici esifushane, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi kungasebenza kungaba isinyathelo ngisho njengengxenye oratorio. isici okunjalo Bach.

isakhiwo

Oratorio libhekene elandelayo izingxenye:

• Overture Instrumental;
• Recitative. Isetshenziswa ukucacisa umbhalo kanye nesakhiwo sendzaba;
• Arias Choral. Ngokuvamile lesi sakhi unesibopho ekuphakameni iNkosi. Arias ephelezelwa amacilongo Timpani.

Kuye enkundleni futhi izici Ukwakheka, isikhulumi ingaba nezinye izingxenye ezengeziwe. Lokhu kunqunywa izimpokophelo umthelela ngetetsamelilwati ukubukwa siqu umbhali.

Oratorio - umsebenzi ezinkulu imvelo zomculo, okubandakanya iqhaza ekwayeni, soloists futhi weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Ngokwesiko, isisekelo esiqintini lolu hlobo kukhona imibhalo yeBhayibheli.