Kuyini pyrolysis? Ukuchaza umqondo yenqubo

Kuyini pyrolysis? Asho ke analo yesimanje amakhemikhali umkhakha? Sizokwenza ukubhekana inkinga.

On the pyrolysis ka hydrocarbon

Ngakho, liyini pyrolysis? Inchazelo yale nqubo ihilela noqhekeko ezishisayo we kwakwakhe organic ngaphandle kobukhona oxygen. Njengoba ayefa ngokuqondile nokuwohloka uwoyela, amalahle, izingodo. Ngemva kwenqubo ukhiqiza zamagama igesi, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-ukuphela.

inqubo Izici

pyrolysis ukuphendula Kwenziwa ngaso lokushisa 800 kuya ku-900. Le nqubo kubhekwa oyinhloko for kumiswa ethylene. Lokhu hydrocarbon unsaturated kuyinto feedstock kubalulekile ezihlukahlukene organic compounds:-benzene, divinyl propylene.

ukhuni pyrolysis

Ukuphikisana kuka-yini pyrolysis, siphawula ukuthi okokuqala lobu buchwepheshe sicubungula chemical uwoyela negesi iye yaba nelungelo lobunikazi AA Summer ngo-1877. Uyini pyrolysis womuthi, na? Cishe le ndlela yokusabela Kwenziwa ngaso lokushisa mayelana 500. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso kumiswa izingxenye ezibucayi ezifana imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali acetic acid, namalahle, resin, acetone. Njengoba sazi ukuthi zezwe lethu "ngcebo" yamahlathi Russia esisebenza izitshalo ezinkulu ngenqubo ukhuni pyrolysis.

pyrolysis imfucuza

Pyrolysis imfucuza kuwumsebenzi ekhethekile kukho ukubhubha wasendlini. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo pyrolysis ka zepulasitiki, amathayi, imfucuza ahlukahlukene organic ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi bazitshela ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene, okuyinto zingafani kakhulu kusukela inqubo sicubungula ezinye izinto eziqinile.

Ukwakheka eziningi imfucuza sulphur, chlorine, i-phosphorus, okuyinto emva namachibi (kumiswa oxides) ukuthola izakhiwo simo esishubile. Imikhiqizo pyrolysis banciphisa imvelo.

Lapho ukuxhumana chlorine ne izinto eziphilayo kwakhiwa emva kokuphothulwa inqubo noqhekeko, imlalile ehlala njalo compounds elimazayo efana dioxins. Ukuze uthwebule mikhiqizo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana intuthu, kudinga ukufakwa olukhethekile pyrolysis. inqubo enjalo idinga izindleko eziphawulekayo impahla.

Ukuze amazwe aseYurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu emvelweni zinkinga kabusha kungekho masondo amadala ezimoto, izingxenye iraba okuyinto eseyifezile ukuphila kwabo inkonzo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-feedstock yemvelo uwoyela ukubukwa Irreplaceable amaminerali, okufanele isetshenziswe esiphezulu ngokwezinga imithombo yesibili.

Abendlu nokwakhiwa doti ungathola okunhlobonhlobo izinto ukwakheka organic wezinto ezingaphili, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa lokhu endaweni yezimboni.

Nokunye okuningi futhi amathayi material enkulu eluhlaza ezibalulekile. Ngemva ukucutshungulwa yi pyrolysis aphansi-lokushisa ingatholakala ingxenyenamba liquid hydrocarbon elihlale (zokwenziwa uwoyela), igesi ezivuthayo, carbon ezisalayo nentambo metal. Lapho evutha amathani iraba isondo is adedelwa emkhathini komyalelo wokungabi 270 kg carbon omnyama mayelana 450 kg gaseous ezinobuthi.

Synthesis igesi

Le nhlanganisela hydrogen ne-carbon monoxide (2). Ngo ngezinga ezimbonini it is etholwe kokuqhuba umusi ukuguqula methane, gasification amalahle, i-methane namachibi ukucutshungulwa imfucuza eziphilayo. Kuye ubuchwepheshe okuthela igesi zamagama, lapho isilinganiso carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen ziyahlukahluka ngaphakathi uhla kusuka 1: 1 kuya ku-1: 3.

Phakathi izicelo ezinkulu impahla eluhlaza ke isifika ekhethekile yokukhiqiza methanol kanye Fischer-Tropsch zamagama. Libhekisela yokusabela chemical ezenzeka khona kulethe. Siqukethe e ukuguqulwa carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen ezihlukahlukene hydrocarbon ketshezi. Empeleni njengoba yelikhono (accelerators) Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo kuyakhethwa ayibe nensimbi.

I ngokucacile yale nqubo ikhono ukukhiqiza izinto zokwenziwa ngoba isicelo sabo ngesimo zokwenziwa uwoyela yezihlanganisi noma nophethiloli.

Ngokucacile yokuthola

Kuyini ukwakheka kwezinto basabela kanjani abakuthola? Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi iyini. Definition of pyrolysis obekuxoxwa ngakho ngenhla, futhi manje ukugxila izici inqubo amakhemikhali. inqubo Fischer-Tropsch kuhilela ukuthatha i-methane nomoya-mpilo. imikhiqizo Reaction kukhona i-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen. Ukusabela wanika alkane uchungechunge hydrocarbon namanzi umusi. Kwakheka imikhiqizo hydrocarbon ngemva uhlanzekile isetshenziswa ukudala uwoyela zokwenziwa.

pyrolysis Meaning

I-carbon monoxide igesi kanye hydrogen ezakhiwe namachibi olungaphelele izinkuni namalahle. Ukubaluleka inqubo enjalo Ukwakheka kwezitho okuqinile impahla eluhlaza (imfucuza hydrocarbon noma amalahle) hydrogen noma hydrocarbon ketshezi.

Lapho pyrolysis nonoxidative we kukadoti okwamanje umkhakha chemical umkhiqizo zamagama igesi. Abanye-ke isetshenziswa uphethiloli imoto ngaphandle kucutshungulwe nge bazithobisa le Fischer-Tropsch ukuphendula. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa uketshezi uphethiloli paraffins ezifanayo futhi igrisi isicelo lula chemical ubuchwepheshe.

Uma kubalulekile ukwandisa inani hydrogen ezivezwa ushintsho umthamo umusi is abangenamakhaya kule equation yakhoibrium zamakhemikhali. Esimweni esinjalo, uma sekuphothulwe ukuphendula ekhiqizwa hydrogen ne-carbon dioxide.

Ngcono ubuchwepheshe

Ngemva kokutholakala, senziwe 1920 abacwaningi German Hans Tropsch futhi Frantsem Fisherom, ubuchwepheshe olwesimanje ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngcono. Kancane kancane inani fuel zokwenziwa adalwe pyrolysis, eJalimane safinyelela abayizinkulungwane 124 imiphongolo ngelanga. inkomba elinjalo lalikhona 1944.

yesimanjemanje

Namuhla, kunezindawo izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu, ezisetshenziswa Fischer-Tropsch ubuchwepheshe yayo. Iningi diesel ezivezwa pyrolysis of South Africa, imikhiqizo namachibi okwalandela kwakhiwa.

Ngokukhethekile unikezwa chemical ubuchwepheshe atholwe ngemva ososayensi baqala ukufuna izindlela zokukhiqiza ongaphakeme-sulphur diesel izinto onekhono umonakalo okungenani emvelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani US okwamanje feedstock coke ekhethiwe noma namalahle, ithela hydrocarbon liquid of high.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inqubo pyrolysis ubuchwepheshe eyizingqabavu engasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, ihlobene kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphezulu impahla ukuze kulungiswe kanye nokugcinwa ukufakwa. Ukuze abakhiqizi abaningi, lokhu isivikelo, ngoba kukhona ukuthambekela ukwehlisa uwoyela amanani jikelele.

isiphetho

Umhlaba amalahle inkulu ngokwanele. Zingasetshenziswa deku fuel ngenxa Ukuwohloka namafutha abalulekile. Abahlaziyi abathintekayo kulo uwoyela negesi umkhakha, bayaqiniseka ukuthi ngu pyrolysis angakhiqiza eliphezulu hydrocarbon. Bona uqaphele ukuthi uphethiloli okuholela akanalo nje ukusebenza ephakeme kwemvelo uma ziqhathaniswa uwoyela fuel, kodwa futhi yamukeleka abathengi ebangeni intengo. Endabeni inhlanganisela Fischer-Tropsch futhi biomass gasification kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana indlela esithembisayo yokukhiqiza i ezikhanyisayo samuntu imoto nophethiloli.

Izinto zokwenziwa eluhlaza etholwe pyrolysis kwamalahle ezincintisanayo kuphela uma intengo kawoyela phezu $ 40 emgqonyeni. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxube ezinjalo hydrocarbon kuyadingeka ukutshala izimali zami kule uhla eziyisikhombisa kwabayisishiyagalolunye amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu ngoba imiphongolo zokwenziwa fuel ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Technologies elihlobene ne inqubo pyrolysis, obonwa kwemvelo kulaba bantu abanobungane kakhulu imvelo. Yingakho eminyakeni yamuva, amazwe amaningi athuthukile banake enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezintsha ngokukhiqiza hydrocarbon zokubasa, esizokwenza ukuba asuke bendabuko uwoyela izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa zobuchwepheshe emisha kanye ngcono amaketanga pyrolysis inqubo isibe eshibhile kakhulu futhi kulula ukuthola eliphezulu hydrocarbon ketshezi. Umkhiqizo kwaphumela isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela njengoba uphethiloli kodwa nezalo ezihlukahlukene izinto eziphilayo.