Kuyini ufaneleke ukuthola isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukubeka enkulisa: umthetho, inani kanye nezincomo

Okusanda, ilungelo isinxephezelo ngenxa pre-school zemfundo isikhungo izindleko ayesohlwini nomthetho wabo bonke abazali. Imigomo izinkokhelo ezinjalo kulawulwa umthetho "Kwezemfundo". Yezindleko amasevisi enkulisa, lapho ingane, futhi inani lezingane emndenini kungasenza incike inani isinxephezelo.

Isimo enkulisa ingane kungathatha iminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi usizo lukahulumeni phezani ezicela, nomama abaningi ozama ukuya emsebenzini. Eminyakeni yamuva, inkinga nge izingadi ezindaweni eziningi isixazululekile ngendlela enhle. Yakhelwe entsha noma abuyiselwe zezakhiwo ezindala preschools. Emadolobheni amaningi ehlobo sebeqala ukuthatha izingane eqenjini abasebasha. Lapho ngivakashele yisiphi isikhungo zasenkulisa wokufundisa izingane zabo, abazali kufanele ukwenza izinkokhelo. Kwamanye imikhakha izakhamuzi inikezwa kungenzeka sokuhlala khulula enkulisa. Lezi izingane ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali, izingane ezikhubazekile nezintandane.

Nakuba inkinga ka izinkulisa kanye ixazululwe, akuzona zonke izifunda abazali abakwazi babhalise izingane zabo eNhlanganweni zasenkulisa iminyaka 1.5, ngisho khona izinzuzo ezithile. Ngingathola isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukubeka engadini?

Lo mbuzo ongeke uphenduleke ngokungananazi. Njengoba okwamanje kwezinye izifunda, isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukubeka abazali enkulisa izingane ikhokhelwa, kodwa hhayi abanye. Kungani kwenzeka nokuthi bona bahlele kuhle lokhu inzuzo?

Isinxephezelo bikho izindawo izinkulisa

Imikhaya eminingi kuleli zwe ungatholi ithuba ukuthumela izingane zabo enkulisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi omama kufanele uhlale eholidini. Abakwazi ukuya emsebenzini futhi bahole iholo, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze kugcineke ingane. Lesi simo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi kuphambene idokhumenti eyinhloko yezwe - uMthethosisekelo, amakhasi awo aqinisekisiwe ukufinyelela izakhamuzi Russian imfundo pre-school.

Ingabe ikhona umthetho ukunikeza izihlalo enkulisa?

Ukukhokhwa isithakazelo kwabaningi, ngakho eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, ushintsho Ayekulungele, ehlinzekela izinkokhelo ezenziwe imindeni abanezingane akudingeki izihlalo ngokwanele enkulisa. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi lezi zinto ezintsha zizosebenza kusukela ekuqaleni 2012. Nokho, naphezu ukuphuthuma nkinga nokucija yayo, lo mzamo ayisekelwe, bala zihlanganisa kule nomthetho wezwe, okungukuthi zoMthetho Federal "Kwezemfundo".

Ngakho, ezingeni federal, udaba singakaxazululwa kuze kube manje. Kodwa isinxephezelo emindenini ababengakwazi unamathisele ingane ukuba zasenkulisa, namanje ekhokhwa ezindaweni ezithile zezwe lethu. Ngempela, ukungabi sokuhlanganiswa umthetho izinzuzo ezinjalo ezingeni federal akuvimbeli iziphathimandla esifundeni ukwenza izinkokhelo ezinjalo.

Isebenza kanjani ezindaweni?

umkhuba Uniform ukwenza izinkokhelo khona, izwe ngalinye isihloko zisetshenziswa izikimu ngabanye.

Kwezinye izifunda, lapho ukwehluleka ukubeka sabaqalayo ufaneleke ukuthola isinxephezelo, inkokhelo eyenziwe izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-nenxenye iminyaka eyisithupha. Kweminye imikhandlu, ezifana e Lipetsk, abazali banelungelo isinxephezelo phezu okuvela ngisho nalapho sengineminyaka emithathu. E Samara, izinkokhelo enikeziwe abazali abanezingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-elilodwa nesigamu kuya eminyakeni emithathu.

Kwezinye izifunda isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukuhlinzeka indawo sabaqalayo akuxhomekile yobudala kwengane, okusho lwabelwe nani ewusana iminyaka emibili ubudala, futhi izingane ezinhlanu. Nokho, kwamanye amadolobha kukhona ukushiyana kwezidalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e Perm, kuyilapho ingane iphakathi kweminyaka engu-elilodwa nesigamu kuya eminyakeni emithathu, wakhokha isamba (ruble mayelana 5.300), futhi lapho ngineminyaka engu-ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha - omunye (ruble mayelana 5000).

ukuthi imindeni ayafaneleka ukuthola inkokhelo evela isimo?

Abazali abaningi bakhathazekile hhayi kuphela Eqinisweni ngokuhluleka ukuhlinzeka indawo enkulisa ukuthi isinxephezelo, kodwa futhi wabeka phezu ovumelekile kuso. Ngisho noma esifundeni futhi okhokha inzuzo ukuze uthole ukuthi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapha kukhona esinye isici isinxephezelo ngenxa yokuntuleka izindawo izinkulisa: igunya unesibopho ungenqaba akhokhe isinxephezelo emindenini engaba umholo ukuthi idlula izindleko ophilayo (ie nengeniso ilungu ngalinye lomkhaya). izibalo Specific nazo ezahlukene ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa wamanje, kungcono ukuze uxhumane agency ezifanele esifundeni.

Uma sivunyiwe, lokhu inzuzo uzokhokhelwa hhayi kuphela omama owachitha ngokugcwele ngokwabo ukuba bekhulisa izingane, enqaba ukusebenza, kodwa futhi ngoba nabesifazane abangabafundi abakhuthele ngokusemthethweni ku sokubeletha, kanye nokwamukela imfundo ngokubhalelwa izincwadi.

Kuphi isicelo isinxephezelo?

Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukuhlinzeka indawo sabaqalayo bese efakwa yini ukuze lwamukelwa, kuzomele uxhumane iziphathimandla yokuphepha komphakathi (kwezinye omasipala nezinye izinhlangano).

Yini imibhalo kufanele ahanjiswe ukuthola izinkokhelo?

Benesidingo thatha iphepha ezilandelayo:

• amakhophi okwangempela omazisi kokubili abazali (noma abameleli zomthetho);
• yasekuqaleni futhi ikhophi idokhumenti somshado (uma ngesikhathi impatho abazali abahlukanisile, ikhophi incwadi yokuqala);
• izitifiketi zokuzalwa zezingane (okwangempela futhi amakhophi);
• Hlola ku Ukwakheka umndeni (leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani ingatholakala ehhovisi ipasipoti endaweni sokubhalisa);
• isitifiketi eqinisekisa khona ingane kulayini yokwamukelwa enkulisa;
• idokhumenti eqinisekisa ukwenqaba ukwamukela ingane zasenkulisa;
• isitifiketi sokubeletha (eliqinisekiswe yi-Kopisha umqashi yebhuku umsebenzi);
• yasebhange imininingwane ye-akhawunti ukudluliselwa isinxephezelo;
• isicelo isinxephezelo;
• izinqubomgomo yezokwelapha kukamama kanye nengane, kanye SNILS.

Kwezinye izimo, uhlu kwemibhalo zingahluka. Cacisa ukuthi yiziphi izitifiketi futhi isitifiketi kumele kube ngaphezu kwalokho samanje, kufanele ibe neminyango efaneleyo.

Uma kungenjalo uyaneliswa enkulisa?

Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi uma ingane inikezwa endaweni engadini, esemgwaqweni kwenye ingxenye edolobheni, futhi ukuze uthole abazali bakhe kuyinkinga, kungenzeka ukuba isinxephezelo kunqatshelwe. Phela, eqinisweni indawo zasenkulisa esabiwe.

Kuthiwani uma ihhovisi lesifunda alinikezi ulwazi?

Uma uthintane yokuphepha komphakathi iziphathimandla kuhlulekile ukucacisa isimo ukuthi zinjalo yini ukwehluleka ukunikeza isinxephezelo kwezihlalo ingane emasimini zomphakathi wabeka noma abasebenzi ejensi nakwazi mayelana iziphi izinzuzo embuzweni, kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise egunyeni eliphakeme. Okungukuthi, Ministry of Education. Kulo mnyango nabazali kumele anikeze ulwazi mayelana ukuthi kukhona ukuze afanele isinxephezelo.

Isimo samanje isinxephezelo

Ngokolwazi wathola, eziningana izifunda zezwe lethu kuvikelwe indawo umthetho, njengoba ukukhokhwa izibonelelo emindenini abangakwazi ukunamathisela ingane enkulisa. Uhlu olusemthethweni yezihloko abenza inkokhelo enjalo, akukho. Kuze kube manje, isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukuhlinzeka indawo sabaqalayo kumele sikhokhwe esifundeni Perm, Yamalo-Nenets District, Kirov kanye nezinye izifunda. izinkokhelo Isilinganiso ngalezi zindaba kulezi oda ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu. Ukuze isinxephezelo Unelungelo abazali abanezingane Usufike engu-izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili.

Kwezinye izimo, ukukhokhwa kwemihlomulo inqanyulwa?

Ukupheliswa izinkokhelo zenyanga singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

Ingane efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala lapho isimo inikeza isinxephezelo (akunandaba, kungakhathaliseki ngesikhathi ukuvuthwa kwabo wakwazi ukuthola indawo sabaqalayo noma cha).

Daycare wathola ingane libhaliswe inhlangano.

Ingabe abazali balindele ukuba ihlawulelwa emva indawo enkulisa?

Kulo nyaka, i-ilungelo ukuthola isinxephezelo bangathembela labo abamele zomthetho ezifeza ukuvakashelwa ukukhokhela ingane enkulisa. Ukulungiselela izinzuzo ezinjalo ulawulwa ezingeni umasipala, kanye kunqunywa isinqumo salo. Ukuze sicacise yonke imininingwane edingekayo ukubhekana emzimbeni zokuvikeleka komphakathi.

Ngokusho izinguquko ikhodi yentela, elaba amandla ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ne inani isinxephezelo ngeke zisaba bagodle intela (13%). Enye "ibhonasi", owawuya abazali 01.01.2016 nyaka, ukuthi kungenzeka kokuthumela imibhalo ukuze bathole izinzuzo ngqo noMnyango ezimali kwezikhungo pre-school (ngaphambili yonke imibhalo kufanele zisebenze yokuphepha komphakathi).

isiphetho

Ngokusemthethweni, kuphela izifunda eziyishumi yezwe ezingeni wombuso isinxephezelo liguquguquke kuze ukwehluleka ukunikeza indawo sabaqalayo, ekhokhwa ukuba omunye abazali (noma ababheki ezisemthethweni). Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kwezinye izindawo asikho leyo nkinga. Cishe, iziphathimandla ajenda kunezinto ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe noma inkinga akuyona ngokwanele sina.

Ngokusho izitatimende ezithile zikahulumeni, it is wahlela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivela yokuntuleka izindawo zasenkulisa izikhungo zemfundo ngaphambi kokuphela kwalo nyaka. Kanjani lokhu ngeke kwenziwe (ukwakhiwa izinkulisa entsha, noma ngenye indlela), akwaziwa. Mhlawumbe ngonyaka ozayo ngeke zisaba umbuzo noma ngabe isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukubeka indawo isikole sabaqalayo, kanye zonke izingane uzonikezwa ithuba lokuya pre-school kusuka eminyakeni 1.5.