Kwegazi emaphashini: Izimpawu, Ubangela, Ukwelashwa

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu - igama abajwayelekile leqembu lezifo ukuthi zinezikhathi ukukhuphuka lesichubekako yamaphaphu ukumelana semithambo okuholela kwesokudla ventricular ukuhluleka , futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokokuqala ngqá sifo latholakala 1891 nguDkt Ernst von Romberg, futhi ngo-1973 emhlanganweni UBANI umzamo wokuqala ngezigaba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu. Okokuqala, umfutho ophakeme wegazi yamaphaphu zahlukaniswa zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Primary, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe obliterans, lwemithambo anezikhala thromboembolic futhi ifomu. Kamuva, ngo-1998, i-inkomfa yesibili owawuse-Evian-les-Bains, kwahlongozwa ukuze uhlukanise nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu ngesisekelo ukubonakaliswa emtholampilo. Ngokusho ngezigaba zakamuva, kukhona ezinhlanu izinhlobo zesifo: emithambo yegazi, lwemithambo, thromboembolic, hypoxic futhi edidayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu kubangelwa ukuvaleka kancane kancane mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi imithambo yamaphaphu aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane. Waba yini umphumela walesi mkhawulo kuvalwe ephelele izitsha, ukwanda ingcindezi izitsha emaphashini, umsebenzi ukudonsa liwohloka emakamelweni zenhliziyo. Yamaphaphu nomfutho wegazi ophezulu libhekisela eqenjini izifo multidisciplinary eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nolwazi ngazo njalo agcwaliswa.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu: izimpawu.

Iziguli esekhala ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukukhathala, iphika, ubuhlungu ecindezela kanye nokuhlukumezeka ku ohlangothini lwesobunxele esifubeni, yokufikelwa, futhi ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngegalelo, kuncike ngobucayi isifo. Kukhona amakilasi amane obusebenzayo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu. Eqenjini lokuqala yamaphaphu nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ekilasini zihlanganisa iziguli nobunzima ngesikhathi umsebenzi eqinile emzimbeni; isigaba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yesibili zihlanganisa ezigulini esivamile lapho esephumule, kodwa ngisho imithwalo ngokulinganisela banalo iphika, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu esifubeni isiyezi. Iziguli isigaba sesithathu nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu uhlangabezana izimpawu ngenhla, ngisho noma imithwalo yasekhaya. Ekilasini lesine nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu libhekwa iziguli azikwazi ukubekezelela ukuzikhandla kancane emzimbeni ngisho uphumule bezwa, bayahlupheka yini ebuthakathakeni kanye iphika.

Abavelele phakathi kwezimbangela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu oluthatha okufana ezivame kakhulu izifo zamaphaphu - ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-90% bayabhema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho ophakeme wegazi yamaphaphu - izinkinga ezivame kakhulu kuleli kokunqotshwa imisipha yenhliziyo in iziguli izifo zenhliziyo abaphethwe yenhliziyo Umthambo isifo kanye Izifo ukuvuvukala we myocardium. Futhi, lesi sifo ngokuvamile kwenzeka iziguli pathologies ezehlukene sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba ezifana -rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus ne-scleroderma.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu: ngokwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Ukwelapha izifo ezinjalo ezinkulu, njengalezo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu ingenye yezimfundiso eziyinkinga kakhulu odokotela jikelele kanye nangodokotela bababhekene nezifo zenhliziyo. Okwamanje emhlabeni wadala eziningi izikhungo ezikhethekile yokwelapha kanye nocwaningo yalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa yalesi sifo kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezihlose ukunciphisa amathuba Ukuwohloka isifo. Lezi zihlanganisa: nokuvimbela sokukhulelwa, lokugoma ngokumelene isifo Pneumococcal futhi umkhuhlane, ukuvuselelwa elawulwa, ukwesekwa psychosocial umthamo umzimba.

Umgomo oyinhloko ekwelapheni nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu iyona ukuqedwa imbangela ivela khona, kanye nokwehlisa wegazi ophakeme esikhathini Umthambo yamaphaphu, ekuvimbeleni thrombus kumiswa. Ukwelapha kuhlanganisa:

- ethola vasodilators uthatha isinyathelo okuphumuzayo semithambo bushelelezi imisipha ungqimba. Lezi zihlanganisa prazosin, hydralazine futhi nifedipine;

- Ukuphatha izidakamizwa, anticoagulants isinyathelo ngokungaqondile, okuyinto isenzo sibhekiswe ukunciphisa igazi viscosity - acetylsalicylic acid, dipiridamolal njll.;

- i-oksijini ephefumula ngesikhathi hypoxia futhi dyspnea;

- eyamukelayo isisu.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba ukufakelwa inhliziyo futhi wamaphaphu.