Lapho amaprotheni asezingeni zamagama kwenzeka? Ingqikithi inqubo, nendawo amaprotheni zamagama kuseli

Inqubo amaprotheni biosynthesis kubaluleke kakhulu kuseli. Ngenxa amaprotheni kukhona izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi adlale indima ayisisekelo nezicubu, zingabantu Irreplaceable. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, njengoba sihlanganisa lonke iseli izinqubo lwenteke uchungechunge amaprotheni biosynthesis, ophuma e organelles eziningana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa cell kanye nokwenzeka khona.

SUMMARY amaprotheni biosynthesis

Ekuqaleni, ukuphela kwendawo synthesis amaprotheni - kuyinto anolaka reticulum endoplasmic. Nansi ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ribosomes, okuyinto banesibopho kumiswa neketanga polypeptide. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba esigabeni wokuhumusha (amaprotheni zamagama), kudinga ukwenza kusebenze isakhi sofuzo, okuyinto igcine ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo amaprotheni iqala. Ngemva kwalokho, le ngxenye liyadingeka ukukopisha DNA (noma i-RNA, uma ebhekwa biosynthesis webhaktheriya).

Ngemva ikhophi DNA RNA edingekayo ukudalwa inqubo ulwazi. Ngesisekelo kwamangqamuzana amaprotheni alo zamagama oyokwenziwa yochungechunge. Futhi zonke izinyathelo ezenzeka ezihilela acid nucleic, kumelwe kwenzeke le kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. Nokho, lena akuyona indawo lapho amaprotheni asezingeni zamagama kwenzeka. Le ndawo, okuyinto elungiselela biosynthesis.

Ribosomal amaprotheni biosynthesis

indawo Main lapho zamagama amaprotheni - ke ribosome, iseli organelle, ehlanganisa subunits ezimbili. izakhiwo ezinjalo kuseli omningi, futhi ngokuyinhloko ise Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana emangelengele reticulum endoplasmic. biosynthesis ngokwayo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kuseli nucleus kwakhiwa isithunywa RNA egcina ezimbotsheni zenuzi phakathi cytoplasm uhlangana ne ribosome. Khona-ke mRNA is bafakwa igebe phakathi subunits ribosome whereupon nenkanuko edlulele we acid acid kuqala.

Endaweni lapho synthesis amaprotheni, ama-amino acid ayanikezelwa esebenzisa ukudluliswa RNA. Omunye ingqamuzana elilodwa enjalo eningakuthwala eyodwa acid acid. They xhumelela ngesikhathi kuncike Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe codons isithunywa RNA. Futhi, zamagama kungenziwa wayeka okwesikhashana.

Ngesikhathi uhamba ngebhayisikili mRNA, le ribosome angangena isikhala (introns) ukuthi musa encode amino acid. Kulezi zindawo, a ribosome ezinwabuzelayo mRNA, kodwa akukho ngaphezu acid acid ukuze iketanga. Lapho nje ribosome ufinyelela exon okungukuthi, isayithi, okuyinto buqonda acid ke futhi unamathele polypeptide.

ukuguqulwa Postsynthetic amaprotheni

Ngemva kokufinyelela stop codon we mRNA ribosome oqondile zamagama inqubo uphela. Nokho okuholela-molecule has a isakhiwo eyinhloko kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi agodliwe ngoba. Ukuze usebenze kahle, i-molecule ye kumele ihlelwe isakhiwo ethile: lesibili, ephakeme noma eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu - quaternary.

Inhlangano isakhi amaprotheni

isakhiwo sesibili - esigabeni sokuqala inhlangano kwesakhiwo. Ukuze kuzuzwe eyinhloko polypeptide uchungechunge kufanele spiralized (ukwakha-alpha-Helix) noma kusontwe (ukwakha beta-izingqimba). Khona-ke, ukuze isikhala ngisho kancane kanye ubude engqamuzaneni ngaphezulu babambisana nilimaza ibe ibhola nge-hydrogen, covalent nezibopho ionic, kanye nokusebenzisana interatomic. Ngakho, i-globular amaprotheni isakhiwo.

Quaternary isakhiwo amaprotheni

Isakhiwo quaternary kunakho konke. It sinetigaba eziningana nge globular isakhiwo exhumene fibrillar polypeptide imicu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo ephakeme kanye quaternary elakhiwa a carbohydrate noma lipid zinsalela, okuyinto wenabisa uhla amaprotheni imisebenzi. Ikakhulukazi, glycoproteins, compounds eyinkimbinkimbi iprotheni kanye carbohydrate kukhona immunoglobulin, ayisiza futhi yenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela. Futhi glycoproteins esisogwini Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana egazi kanye receptor umsebenzi. Nokho, akukho ukushintshwa-molecule lapho amaprotheni asezingeni zamagama kwenzeka, futhi bushelelezi reticulum endoplasmic. Lapha kungenzeka okunamathiselwe lipid, izinsimbi kanye nesitashi, amaprotheni izizinda.