Amaprotheni zamagama

Amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-nitrogen macromolecular izinto eziphilayo. Akhiwa kusuka amino acid. Amaphrotheni enze imisebenzi okuyisisekelo ekwakhekeni nemisebenzi ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba ingxenye yabo eyinhloko futhi kudingekile. Ngenxa lezi organic compounds kuyinto umzimba, energy conversion.

Ngenxa yobukhulu elikhulu yezinhlayiya, ubunkimbinkimbi isakhiwo, kanye ukungabi khona kolwazi mayelana nokubunjwa isakhi iningi izinto is hhayi kusungulwa esigabeni okunengqondo esinobunye amaprotheni. I samanje ngokwahlukana uhlelo ngokuyinhloko ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo. Lapho ukwakhiwa kwalo esekelwe Izakhiwo namakhemikhali amaprotheni, imithombo yabo, umsebenzi begazi, nezinye, ngokuvamile okungahleliwe, izimpawu.

Ngakho, elingalodwa (encibilikayo) impahla globular futhi lunemicu hydrophobic (zingaxazululeki) kanye hydrophilic. Lesi sigaba esekelwe izakhiwo physico-chemical zezakhi. Kuye umthombo amaprotheni elingalodwa kwemizwa izicubu, serum, imisipha, nabanye. Kukhona futhi webhaktheriya, isilwane nemifino compounds. Ngokuhambisana umsebenzi begazi angawodwa amaprotheni -hormones, ama-enzyme, amaphrotheni, contractile namaprotheni kwesakhiwo, amasosha, kanye nabanye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona ezinye compounds esingenakubalwa isibaluli yimaphi amaqembu ngenhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokungapheleli kwalesi simiso ngezigaba kanye nomuntu ukwehluka enesimo amaprotheni ngokwabo.

Ingabe kwakwakhe ahlukaniswe eyinkimbinkimbi (proteid) futhi elula (amaprotheni). amaprotheni Simple bawukuphela acid acid polymers. compounds Complex, ngaphezu acid acid izinsalela, kanye nombhalo ongenayo i-amaprotheni kusebenze.

Engqamuzaneni ngalinye kunezinkulungwane organic okusezingeni eliphezulu compounds yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi ukuphila komzimba, lezi izinto ubhujiswe ngokushesha noma kamuva, iseli kumelwe nifeze zamagama okuqhubekayo wamaprotheni kuphinde kwakhiwe organelles zabo, ulwelwesi kanye nezinye izinto. Njengoba sihambisana nale inani elikhulu amaseli sihlinzekela kumiswa organic compounds yokukhula komzimba wonke. Kulesi "ukukhiqizwa" bekwi, isibonelo, amaseli nezindlala endocrine okuyinto ukukhiqiza ama-hormone. Lapho amaprotheni asezingeni zamagama has umfutho omkhulu kunabo bonke.

Ekwakhiweni compounds kudinga eside amandla izindleko. Umthombo ukuhlinzeka hhayi amaprotheni zamagama kuphela, kodwa futhi zonke izinqubo yeselula iyona ATP.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi kanye nezinhloso ze-compounds kwakhiwa ngokuhambisana isakhiwo yabo eyinhloko - ukulandelana amino acid engqamuzaneni. idatha Ukubambezeleka phezu oyinhloko wamaprotheni abalulekile ekudleni kwengxenye isakhiwo ebiyelwe kule nucleotide uchungechunge DNA. Lokho ingxenye -deoxyribonucleic acid, equkethe ulwazi mayelana ukulandelana acid acid of ekhuthaza ngokuthi isakhi.

amaprotheni zamagama lwenzeka ribosomes ku cytoplasm esitokisini. I cytoplasm kusukela Imininingwane nucleus ku isakhiwo enkompolo kuyinto ngesimo mRNA (isithunywa RNA). Ukuze zamagama-molecule RNA kwenzeka "unwinding" (despiralization) DNA esifundeni. Inqubo okwalandela lwenzeka isimiso complementarity. Ukusebenzisa ama-enzyme neketango DNA kwemiqondo RNA molecule.

I cytoplasm kufanele ibe iqoqo othize amino acid. It is adingekayo amaprotheni zamagama. Ukwakhiwa kwalezi amino acid kungenxa cleavage compounds ezidliwayo organic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-asidi acid ungathola phezu ngqo zamagama kwesigaba (the ribosome), kokuba exhunywe ethile yokudlulisa i-RNA (tRNA).