Isikhathi lapho eMoscow ezibiyele, kufanele yaziwe wonke umuntu othanda Russia lakhiwa. Ngoba akayena nje enkabeni yeRussia, umphefumulo omkhulu futhi izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kodwa futhi omunye izakhiwo amahle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Lesi sivumelwano endala
Ukuvubukula kuye kwabonisa ukuthi nemizana ku endaweni ezibiyele owawukhona eminyakeni 5000 edlule, futhi VI ekhulwini BC khona ayesevele ehlala izizwe Slavic. Ngo phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow uqobo uhlala ka settlement wathola eziphathelene Dyakovo isiko.
Dyakovo izinqaba ngokuvamile ibekwe capes emifuleni. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngenxa yezizathu lula nokuphepha kuqala County kuxazululwe amagquma osebeni lomfula. Ithanda emlonyeni, ukuze komnikazi amanzi siyayizwa izinhlangothi ezimbili. Mfula wakhonza ngokukubhala omakhelwane futhi sivumele kwandisa ukuhwebelana phakathi ngomfutho, futhi amagquma ayengenawo ngoba isitha futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ahlolisise endaweni enkulu.
Ukuzalwa eMoscow
Lapho wakha YaseMoscow ezibiyele, Borovitsky egqumeni, ezungezwe nhlangothi zombili we UMfula iMoscow kanye Neglinnaya yiwo ogelezela kuwo, futhi indawo phezu settlement, liphendulwe inqaba ungenakunqotshwa. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala lo ezibiyele libhekisela 1147. Bezingekho ngisho izindonga esakhiwe emthini. Babeneminyaka engu-9 kuphela kamuva - ku 1156. Inhliziyo eMoscow kukhulunywa ngaye ngokokuqala ngokuqondene esimemweni Yuri Dolgoruky owawusanda esakhiwe horomina akhe sizana Svyatoslava Olgovicha, Novgorod-Seversky Prince. Ukufika esikhathini esizayo isihlobo (umzukulu wabo nendodana - the Igor ezidumile Yaroslavna - oshadile) edilini futhi kubhekwa usuku isisekelo eMoscow. Lokhu kufana poro isikhathi lapho eMoscow ezibiyele lakhiwa.
umakhi enkulu
Ngemva ukwakhiwa ezindongeni ezibiyele iba emaphandleni aseduze futhi sokuqondisa eseduze. Lapha, abakhileyo kulezi nemizana bathola isiphephelo phakathi nokuhlaselwa izitha. Kancane kancane kwandise ukuqakatheka kwe lokhu inqaba, kanye inwetshisiwe. Futhi manje, uma indodana Aleksandra Nevskogo, Prince Danilo Alexandrovich (1261-1303), umsunguli izikhulu eMoscow, idolobha bakhula emhlabeni ezibiyele, waba inhloko-dolobha ye-ubukhulu elincane eMoscow.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho yakhiwa YaseMoscow ezibiyele, Yuri Dolgoruky eyasungulwa Pereslavl-Zaleski futhi Yuriev-Polish. Lokhu isikhulu, ekuphileni kwakhe konke kubuswa Rostov-Suzdal ubukhulu, wafela khona, obesebenza e lwekutfutfukisa. Ngaphezu mizi eyasungulwa Dubna, Kostroma, Dmitrov, odla izindwani usakhiwa le Uglich Reservoir emzaneni Senyatino, futhi, ngokusho legend, Gorodets. Ngaphezu kwalokho, base wakha izinqaba eziningi futhi uvikelwe. Ngakho, lapho yakhiwe YaseMoscow ezibiyele (ngonyaka ka 1147), yabeka nezinye amaphuzu amasu. Futhi akukho lutho kubonisa ukuthi ngeke awuyeke lo mkhuba dolobha enqabeni isimo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ikusasa ukuphuculwa kwengqalasizinda
Futhi eMoscow ukwakha futhi andise. Prince Ivan Kalyta (1283-1341) wokuqala yakha belokamennye amasonto. Futhi ngo 1340 izindonga ezindala zamapulangwe esikhundleni se-okhi * enamandla. Nomzukulu wakhe Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389), indodana ka-Moscow Prince Ivan II Red, kungena esikhundleni se-okhi * ezindongeni itshe elimhlophe. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukubiza eMoscow "itshe elimhlophe". Kuyinto enhle esithombeni ukuboniswa Vasiliya Vereschagina, ebhalwe ngo-1879, onesihloko esithi "Umbono we-Moscow ezibiyele kusukela Stone Bridge". Inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, idolobha elinomlando elikhangayo liyisibonelo imbangela yesithakazelo esikhulu. Noma imuphi umuzi ezinkulu kuleli zwe uthando nenhlonipho izakhamuzi zakhona. Kodwa eMoscow abantu Russian okuningi. Futhi Kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ukuvela edolobheni, lapho kwaqala kanjani futhi lapho yakhiwe YaseMoscow ezibiyele, unyaka lapho ivela khona futhi yini Prince yamisa isimangaliso.
Eyokuqala inkomba etemibhalo
Omunye izincazelo bokuqala umsuka umuzi omkhulu ungaphakathi indaba "The Legend of lokubulala Daniila Suzdalskogo nokuqala eMoscow." "Hypation Chronicle" ungumthombo wokuqala onokwethenjelwa okhuluma ngoJehoyakini campus eMoscow - indawo edilini elikhulu behlonipha ukuhlangana nabangane kanye sizana of Rostov-Suzdal nezikhulu Novgorod-Seversky. On umbuzo YaseMoscow ezibiyele, kukhona eziningi izimpendulo lakhiwa yini ngonyaka. Ungaveza ngosuku oluthile, ngokuqondene lapho ezibiyele kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala - ngosuku 'isithende ukuze kutuswe Nkulunkulu ", okungukuthi, ngoMgqibelo, ngo-April 4, 1147. Futhi kungenzeka isikhathi eside ukukhuluma kanjani ukwakha ezibiyele eminyaka. Kungenzeka yini ukuba zibone ngeso lengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle Cathedral of the Dormition, noma Big ezibiyele Palace?
I ezibiyele lakhiwa futhi kabusha
Impendulo yombuzo ophathelene nokuthi, unyaka lakhiwa eMoscow ezibiyele, kuzoncika ngokuphelele lokho okushiwo yilo igama - the uLeviyathani yesimanje, lokuhlala kaMongameli WaseRussia, noma isakhiwo sokhuni esincane, ngawo konke kwaqala. Amakhasi enganele ukuba umane kwenziwe uhlu lwazo zonke izigceme, amasonto, izakhiwo, izikwele, izingadi kanye izikhumbuzo of the complex ezinkulu setepolitiki, ngomlando nangamagugu obuciko eRussia, ihlanganisa indawo ka 27.5 amahektha. Ezibiyele indawo ufana unxantathu okungajwayelekile.
Omunye amagugu we ezibiyele
amazwi Special ufanelwe kweNyuka Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Yakhiwa 1479. Umlando ekuqaleni kwendalo yayo iphathelene 1326. Omkhulu eMoscow Prince Ivan Kalita, kanye Saint Peter wabeka kulo nyaka lombhishobhi itshe kwaqala eMoscow. idolobha Pervoprestolny (okungukuthi, isimo esinjalo kwaba eMoscow) kwadingeka ukuba ibandla eyinhloko Russia oNgcwele. Lokho iSt Peter has indima ebalulekile yokuthi eMoscow iba throned. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokufa Metropolitan lokuqala eMoscow wembelwa sidle lombhishobhi eyinhloko Russia. amandla uhlu lakhe imifanekiso "Virgin likaPetru", senziwa ngumphostoli uPetru original zazo, ingenye amathempelana main waseRussia. Leli thempeli lakhiwa kabusha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kubusa unifier yamazwe Russian sekubusa eMoscow, Grand Prince Ivan III. Sinaye ezibiyele umkhankaso ukwakhiwa emikhulu - zonke izakhiwo zabuye zakhiwa itshe. Kulokhu, umbuzo lapho yakhiwe Waphendula kusengathiwa YaseMoscow ezibiyele, ngonyaka ehluke ngokuphelele - 1485. Esikhathini eyishumi (1485-1495) ezakhiwa imibhoshongo esiyingqayizivele, okuyizinto ubonakala eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
ingcebo engenakuqhathaniswa bokwakha emhlabeni
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, Dmitry Donskoy kabusha e zamatshe Detinets yokuqala ngokhuni (kangaka okuthiwa ngisho ERussia ezibiyele). Empeleni, wakha itshe entsha "kremnik" nonyaka ka- kokuqedwa, 1367, futhi, kungaba kubhekwe usuku lapho eMoscow ezibiyele lakhiwa. Kamuva, phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo owaba Tsar wokuqala Russian (isihloko wathatha kweNyuka Cathedral), le ngokwayo eziyinkimbinkimbi nayo senipheleliswa ngokushesha.
A umhlobiso Square Cathedral - Bell Tower "Ivan Veliky", ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinto ezibiyele, njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni eminingi Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e Moscow, zonke lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa Boris Godunov. Nokho, okokuqala eMoscow ezibiyele lakhiwa 1147 by Yuriya Dolgorukogo isimemezelo. Ukuqiniselwa ingxenye yomuzi yayisabizwa ngokuthi 'i-chrome ", okuyinto ehlelelwe more kuya teremu sokhuni, sizungezwe uthango lokhuni. Yedwa, edume kanye ongenakusondela kuko, le ezibiyele ubeqhakambisa amandla futhi ubunjalo Russia.