Lapho kumephu emfuleni Sukhona? Lapho luyaphi futhi lapho Sukhona uwa?

Umfula ngobukhulu futhi ezinde kunazo zonke Vologda sifunda Sukhona. It - ingxenye eyinhloko kwamanzi ngaphansi kwegama Northern Dvina. River Sukhona, izithombe ezingafaneleki kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, has a ubude 558 km, pool endaweni yayo idlula 50 ayizinkulungwane sikwele. km. igama layo lisuselwa elithi "suhodna", okusho ukuthi "ome phansi". Qala kuthatha kusuka Kubensky echibini, lapho ihlukaniswe 2 emikhonweni: Big Puchkas futhi Sukhona. Isici esiyinhloko siwukuthi ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, lishintsha isiqondiso yayo ukugeleza entwasahlobo. R. Sukhona has a 100 m ukujula. Ubukhona nengcosana imibundu iziqhingi enamadwala.

ezindawo

River Sukhona Vologda esifundeni, elula cishe 560 km, ageleza eya eningizimu-mpumalanga e sifinyelela layo elingenhla, ke kuvela nasenyakatho ixhuma nge River eNingizimu. Pool kuhlanganisa amakhulu angaphezu kuka yemifula 4 nemifudlana ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 6. Kukhona futhi amachibi, kodwa iningi labo ngezindawo anabantu abambalwa kakhulu, endaweni okuyinto ngokulambisa idlula 0.4 km. Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi kungabonwa zokutshala aminyene amahlathi, okuyinto hlala-70% isikhala Imininingwane. Kukhona futhi ayinawo amaxhaphozi. Stoke Kubensky echibini, lapho umfula kuvela Sukhona, ilawulwa eyakhelwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule edamini.

Umlando omncane

Sukhona coast abangu iyasetshenziswa V leminyaka BC. abantu Russian weza lapha emhlabeni kamuva kakhulu, ekhulwini XI. Kugeleza eRussia emaphakathi kanye Arkhangelsk, esangenza ukuthutha kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, izinto ezahlukene. Nakuba umfula ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba ukuthuthukisa umkhakha nokurhwebelana. umsebenzi kwamanzi ukuthuthukisa izimo Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, abacwaningi bathola, lapho Sukhona ageleza: eNorthern Dvina. Ukwaziswa okunjalo ovunyelwe ukwandisa ezokuthutha umthamo wayo.

Ekhulwini XIX, ezindaweni ezahlukene emfuleni nabizelwa kuleli ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ibanga kusuka echibini kuya Vologda Kubensky ngokuthi Rabangoy (gama emva ukwakhiwa Isigodlo phezu lomfula Rabangskogo) kusukela Vologda ukuba Dvinitsa River - Lower Sukhona ngemva Dvinitsa River - Great Sukhona.

ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo

Ngenxa Northern Dvina emfuleni uhlelo Sukhona ehlangene iVolga. On endaweni yayo, imikhumbi, kodwa ngesikhathi sasehlobo ukuhamba izitsha kuyinto OAmaKristu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi sifinyelela aphansi. Kusukela ngo-1990, umgibeli traffic samiswa njengoba ayebiza kakhulu futhi ibhizinisi ezingenanzuzo. Kuleli qophelo embhalweni Ngenxa imfucuza, abanye ingcole kakhulu emfuleni esishintshashintshayo phenol, ngakho baphuze amanzi kampompi sinqatshelwe. isimo esinjalo emvelweni ekucucuzeni nomphumela olimazayo endaweni ezungezile.

River Sukhona Vologda esifundeni okwamanje Umthambo ebaluleke ngempela yezwe, nakuba, futhi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi (ukunwetshwa ushona isiteshi) is hhayi kwenziwe.

Hydrology

Egajwe iqhwa udla. Kusukela ngo-April, iqala uzamcolo, yingakho ochithekile ezinkulu (kufika ku-amakhilomitha amaningana) kwakheka sifinyelela engenhla. Sukhona emfuleni iqina ngoNovemba ka-December, futhi ivulekile kuphela maqondana Meyi.

It ihlukaniswe yaba Amathrendi ezintathu:

• I engenhla (emlonyeni). Egajwe ukugeleza izinze. Ububanzi isiteshi emfuleni ingeqi 200 m. On the amabhange kwamahlathi kanye zezikhotha zitholakala.

• Ukuthini (kusukela umlomo Tot'ma). Ukuze ngokushesha, matasa nakakhulu. Izinkuni kuba eduze ukusakaza aqueous. Ukujula 100 m, ububanzi isiteshi -. 240 m endaweni efanayo, kukhona Shoals eziningi.

• I aphansi (ngezansi Tot'ma). Ihlathi is fully antante emanzini. Isivinini ezahlukene. Ububanzi emfuleni kwezinye izindawo kuze kube-400 ukuphakama. Neziqhingana ukuthi zazibonakala ngaphambi, ngokupheleleyo dibikeza nga chichiza.

emhlabeni isilwane

Sukhona River has 58 zinhlobo inhlanzi, kuhlanganise 3 zezintaka lampreys. Okusatshalalisiwe okulandelayo:

• Putin - aphele, aphele;
• izibambiso - whitefish, whitefish;
• krupnochastikovye - perch, bream.

Lapha siphile izilwane ezingavamile kakhulu futhi evikelwe zasemanzini: nelmushka, trout, salmon, Sturgeon, echibini wezinhlamvu.

Nezilwane kwamahlathi, okuyinto zitholakala osebeni lomfula Sukhona, wehlukile ikakhulukazi. Kukhona izivakashi njalo izimpungushe, elks, izingulube zasendle, onogwaja, izimpisi, amabhere. Kancane kancane kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana lynx, marten, Otter, mink, Racoon, imvukuzane, uchakide. Bona isidleke kulezi zindawo goose, amadada, lungatholwa grouse intendele futhi grouse.

izwe yemifino

Insimu eseduze indawo ye emfuleni sehlukaniswe subspecies ezimbili: Ihlathi naseNingizimu Ihlathi. 70% indawo imbozwe amahlathi, ikakhulukazi ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Ngo esifundeni esisempumalanga zingatholakala fir, larch, zikaphayini. Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga ziqhume ulele kuphela zikaphayini amahlathi, ezifana izimila kwaphela kungenxa inhlabathi nenzalo. Eningizimu - lukagamthilini futhi Linden. Ingabe okungenani kungase kwenzeke e-aspen namahlathi birch bona esikhundleni owagawula sonwele. Swamps hlala 10% endaweni ngokuphelele. Lapha ungabona zikaphayini yemifino, birch. 14% are izimfunda kanye umhlabathi olimekayo. akhawunti Meadows ye-% 7 kuphela. Egajwe utshani, sedge kanye vlazhnotravnye kokwehla. Ngokusho Sukhona Valley futhi sikhule krupnoosokovye futhi ihlathi tallgrass.

Gcina umbhalo walokho yonke ezahlukene ukugeleza kwamanzi ukusuka lwaluvelaphi emlonyeni kungenzeka, ngoba kumephu emfuleni Sukhona ebonakalayo kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni kusukela Kubensky echibini, beya emzaneni Shuya emi ihlathi birch, ngezinye izikhathi ukhule e-aspen, sonwele futhi Alder. yena kakhulu elisekelwa azifele kusukela ogwini, okuyinto manje ezimfundeni ububanzi. Kusukela p. Shumsky Tot'ma ngaphambi kokuba indawo kwamahlathi. Umfula ke, okwenza ukujika kuyo inyakatho, badonswa, baphuma naye futhi. Eduzane nogu ukhuni kufanelekile kuphela eduze inflow Tolshma River. Endaweni lapho umfula ufika emlonyeni, ke esikhundleni amabhange emaweni.

izimo emvelweni

Okwamanje, isimo kwemvelo Sukhona akajabuli. Okungenani liqukethe lignosulfonates, okuqukethwe okuyinto kudlulwe izikhathi ezingu-30. Abacwaningi libike ukuthi umfula nsuku zonke uthola 180 ayizinkulungwane. M ³ yamanzi zezimboni nendlu eliqukethe udaba eziphilayo. Okwamanje, ngenxa yokungakhokhi ukulandelwa kwezilinganiso izinga lamanzi, sidla kusukela Sukhona uhlala ezingeni eliphansi, kuyilapho kwezinye izindawo, lokhu isimo ifinyelele sikhathi esibucayi. On usebe lwawo inombolo irekhodi izitshalo sekwakhiwe, okuyinto zibulale isimo ukugeleza kwamanzi. Iqiniso lokuthi ngo-2006, ngaphansi usongo yezikhukhula ngenxa ngokweqile snowmelt esifundeni okusongelayo enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo liyazikhulumela.

LoMfula Sukhona kuwufanele umuzi omkhulu futhi lapho kwazalelwa Santa Claus - Great Ustyug. Lapha kukhona omningi izinto agcwele umuzi Russian: Dome, lace, eqhugwaneni, izinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuzi emfuleni eyakhelwe Sokol futhi Totma.

Ngaphambili, ukugeleza kwamanzi kubalulekile isimo, njengoba kufakazelwa ngegama lakhe emgwaqweni Sukhonsky, esemgwaqweni kwelinye izifunda eMoscow. Ngeshwa, ukugeleza kwamanzi saphela baziswa futhi isimo sakhe sawohloka usuku ngalunye oludlulayo.