Le ndawo yomlando Don Cossacks. Map Indawo of the Army Don

Don Cossack ibutho matasa Insimu Don Cossacks. Esikhathini sethu, la mazwe zitholakala Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh esifundeni kanye Kalmykia. Nakuba Rostov yadibana lapha kulokhu kokugcina, iningi imibhalo labantu nomlando endaweni liyalondolozwa iminyuziyamu yayo kanye zomlando.

Umlando ukwakheka Don Cossacks

Idethi kumiswa olusemthethweni Don Cossacks kubhekwe ukuphuma umthombo wokuqala elilotshiwe liyalondolozwa ukuze izinsuku zethu. Kuyinto umbuzo ku-internet Ivana Groznogo, lapho ebuza Michael Ataman Cherkashenina ukulalela emva Umhlahlandlela yinkosi Novosiltsev eConstantinople. Indlela yakhe yabusa Don. Ngalesi Uhulumeni wathembisa ukunika Cossacks. Ukuqomisana ka amadiploma - Januwari 3, 1570. Nakuba kusobala ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Union of Cossacks, Don Umbutho kwamiswa ngisemncane kakhulu. Ngoba kungenjalo inkosi nje akekho okufanele kuxoxwe.

Kodwa idokhumenti ebonisa ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngokusemthethweni Don Cossacks kuqashelwe emngceleni oseningizimu wombuso. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI, lithathe indawo leyo ndawo phesheya nge obuphelele ingqikithi 800 amakhilomitha. Laliqhele loMfula Don nemingenela yayo. Futhi ngemva kwenye Cossacks ekhulwini kwezinhloko zamaviyo Don kwakungamadodana amandla main ahlomile ukulwa abahlaseli Turkish kanye Polish. Ukuze inkonzo yabo ezikutholile imali, Umsizi, okuhola indwangu nesinkwa.

Ukuzimela kanye nokuzibusa

Don Cossacks kancane kancane ngamaqembu amabili: engongi futhi golutvennye. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka Iningi asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu futhi ibekwe emazweni ephansi, lona wamuva besale dengwane futhi sihlaliswe sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII. Land kwezinhloko zamaviyo Don babe ezizimele kanye ayengaphansi kokulawula of circle ibutho bese kuqokwa emizimbeni esiphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuya ukhetho okwenzeka Ataman, inamandla angenamkhawulo. Ibutho lahlukaniswa laba ikhulu namashumi amahlanu, inhloko okwakukhona zekhulu, Likamoya Khorunzhiy. Ngemva kokubhikisha kwango Bulavin Don Cossack ibutho subordinated kuya Military Collegium.

Kusukela 1763 isevisi Cossack baba saziso ukuze babe nokuphila ngokwemvelo. Impi ye-1773-1775 kwaba abalimi ukuqeda ukuzimela Cossack. Don wathatha amabutho wenkosi. Kodwa leso akusona ukuphela ekupheleni "svoevolnichestva" yabo, eyathatha isikhathi eside ngemva kwalokho.

yokuntuleka Don wokuzibusa

iminyaka 1769-1775 - kumiswa Cossack ithimba Petersburg Legion futhi pyatisotennogo Ataman we Don Cossacks Regiment.

1797 - isisekelo Don Cossack wezikhali. Ngemva konyaka kwenzeke ukukhethwa Cossacks njengenhlangano ibutho ezimele, kanye nezikhundla zabo ukufaniswa nebutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lwalumumethe lokuhlobanisa iholo Cossacks nokukhokhwa ezinhlwini okuhambisanayo.

Eminyakeni 1798-1800 Foreman Cossack ithole amalungelo afana izikhulu isiRashiya, futhi serfs kuluthola. Labetibambile emisha ezilandelayo:

• Ukwethulwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka engu-30 enkonzweni yezempi;
• definition yebutho ikhithi;
• esasikhipha izikhundla lixuku starshina ibutho njengomyalo umsizi, substituent yayo;
• division of izingubo ekhaya ezempi kanye kwansuku zonke.

Kuhlelwa kabusha 1835

Ukuqamba 1835 kuhlinzekelwe isabelo ngasinye Cossack e inani 30 esingamahektare. Kodwa kakade 1916 leli nani lancipha laba ngu-11, futhi izwe elula 9.8 kuphela amahektare amaningi endawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye emindenini Cossack baphoqeleka ukuqasha la iziza, ukuze akhokhe izikweletu eziphathelene nezempi. Kuphela okwesihlanu wamakhaya kwadingeka ngesikhathi acebile.

Ngemva izinguquko 1835 ku amasosha nezakhamuzi zonke Cossacks ahlukana. Indawo Don Cossacks zazilindele izinguquko elandelayo:

• kabusha;
• ingxenye endaweni empi;
• izinsizwa esiyisibopho labantu elowesilisa osukela eminyakeni 18 kuya 43 ubudala;
• ukuvimbela nemizana ensimini ka ibutho abangabazi;
• ukuguqulwa Cossack ibe ekilasini avaliwe esaphila okuqondene nalokho;
• ukuvunyelwa entsha lixuku ungakuphi.

Ukuvunywa Don Army Region

Ngo 1874, kwathatha nesitatimende isimo esisha ukulawula kwangaphakathi. Lalinama lixuku kwabasebenzi, ukuphathwa ngabanye neminyango ezempi kanye wezikhali. 1875 - ukwethulwa igama elisemthethweni Don Cossacks. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona ukuncishiswa kwesikhathi senkonzo yezempi iminyaka engu-20.

Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander III INSIMU Don Army (laseDonetsk esifundeni) ukuthi enamathiselwe Gradonachalstva eTaganrog Rostov County. Benza wesifunda omusha nezomphakathi. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona ukuqedwa okuthunyelwe izikhulu neminyango.

I Februwari Yenguquko 1917 kweminyaka, waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwe-Don ibutho uhulumeni. Ikhanda + lakhe baba Ataman AM Kaledin. It kuqhathaniswa ukuvela namaSoviet. Ngo-1918 kwenzeka ukwakheka Don Soviet Republic, lapho njalo agqoke kuvukela emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Ngo-1920, uMzimba Don Cossack lashabalala futhi wabuyiselwa kuphela 90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka.