Luphi lona ukholo yabaJuda na? Inkolo Jewish

Abantu bakwa-Israyeli zihlale umona, inzondo futhi baziswa baseYurophu. Ngisho elahlekile isimo sabo futhi baphoqeleka ukuba bazulazule iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezimbili, abameleli bayo kungukuthi kufakwe phakathi namanye amaqembu abantu bendabuko, kanye walondoloza ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe namasiko ezisekelwe emasikweni ezijulile ezingokwenkolo. Luphi lona ukholo yabaJuda na? Ngempela, sibonga wakhe, basuke sebeke bahlangabezana eziningi uthi, imibuso nezizwe. Badabula konke - amandla kanye nobugqila, izinkathi zokuthula nombango, ezenhlalo inhlalakahle, nokuqothulwa kohlanga. Inkolo yamaJuda - ubuJuda sibonga kuye Basaba zidlala indima ebalulekile esiteji zomlando.

Vulamehlo lokuqala kaYehova

amasiko enkolo lwamaJuda monotheistic, ukuthi, ibona munye kuphela uNkulunkulu. Igama lakhe - elithi Jehova, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi "kulowo owayengamele, nokuthi kuyoba."

Namuhla, amaJuda akholelwa ukuthi uJehova - ngomdali umdali zomhlaba, kanye nazo zonke ezinye konkulunkulu abakholelwa kungamanga. Ngokusho imfundiso yabo, ngemva kokuwa izingane bokuqala abantu ukhohlwe unkulunkulu kweqiniso nezithombe wakhonza. Ukukhumbuza abantu ngokwabo, umprofethi kaJehova elabizwa ngebizo ka-Abrahama, ngubani labikezela ukuthi ube nguyise wezizwe eziningi. U-Abrahama, wayevela emndenini wakho wobuqaba, wathola ukwambulwa kweNkosi, balahle namahlelo odlule futhi nohambo olungcwele, ephuma ngenhla.

Torah - Holy - imibhalo yamaJuda usitshela ngendlela uNkulunkulu wavivinya ukholo luka-Abrahama. Lapho uthola nendodana umkakhe amthandayo, uJehova emyalile ukuba ayenze umhlatshelo lokho uAbrahama waphendula kokulalela ngokungathandabuzi. Lapho ayeyivuse ummese phezu ingane yakhe, uNkulunkulu imvimba, echaza lokhu kuhanjiswa njengoba ukholo nokuzinikela okujulile. Ngakho namuhla, lapho amaJuda wabuza ngalokho okholweni yamaJuda, bathi kuye: "Ukholo luka-Abrahama."

Ngokwe-Torah, uNkulunkulu uye wasigcwalisa isithembiso sakhe ku-Abrahama ngo-Isaka ekhiqizwa esinabantu abaningi abangamaJuda, futhi aziwa ngegama lika-Israyeli.

Umsuka UbuJuda

Nokudunyiswa uJehova inzalo wokuqala Abrahama wayengakabi, eqinisweni, baphuma ebuJudeni futhi ubudlelwane phakathi kokukodwa nokuningi ngisho ngomqondo esiqinile zezwi. Empeleni, onkulunkulu waseBhayibhelini amaJuda inkolo baningi. Yini zihlukaniswa amaJuda lonke abezizwe, ukuze lokhu ukwenqena abanye abozimu (kodwa, ngokungafani kuya monotheism babesiqaphela khona kwabo), kanye kuvinjelwe izithombe zenkolo. Ngemva kakhulu kwesikhathi sika-Abrahama, lapho inzalo yakhe zandile esikalini i abantu wonke, futhi wenza isimo njengoba ukuthi zobuJuda. Kafushane it is ezilandwa Torah.

Njengoba bengazilawulela khona isigcino isimemezelo abantu bamaJuda esigqilazwe oFaro baseGibithe, iningi labo wamphatha kuhle ezimbi. Ukuze ukhulule abakhethiwe yakhe, uNkulunkulu ubiza umprofethi entsha - uMose lowo, ukuthi ungumJuda, wakhuliswa esigodlweni. Ngemva kokuziphatha eziningi izimangaliso, eyaziwa njengoba izinhlupho waseGibithe, uMose wahola ama-amaJuda ehlane, kuphela ngibalethe ezweni lesithembiso. Ngalesi waya eNtabeni Sinay Moisey wathola umyalo wokuqala nezinye iziqondiso inhlangano futhi yokukhulekela. Ngakho kwaba khona ukholo yesimanje Jewish - yobuJuda.

Ithempeli lokuqala

Nakuba ngezinye iSinayi, uMose phakathi kwezinye vulamehlo esivela kuMninimandla Guide kwethaberinakeli kudivayisi - ithempeli ephathekayo, anikezelwe imihlatshelo nokuqondisa nezinye emikhosini engokwenkolo. Lapho iminyaka engu-ezulazula ehlane iphela, amaJuda engena eZweni Lesithembiso, futhi sivunyelwe ngalesi izikhala elalivuliwe wekuba sive, iNkosi uDavide ebekwe ukufaka esikhundleni etendeni ithempeli umnyuziki itshe. Nkulunkulu, Nokho, akazange azamukele intshiseko kaDavide futhi elizimisele ukwakha indlu engcwele entsha esiphathiswe indodana yakhe uSolomoni. USolomoni eba inkosi, waqala ukuba akhiphe umyalo waphezulu, futhi uye wakha ethempelini umxhwele ku elinye lala magquma eJerusalema. Ngokokulandisa, leli thempeli wema iminyaka 410, kuze ngonyaka 586 awuzange ubhujiswe abaseBhabhiloni.

ithempeli lesibili

Ithempeli lalisendaweni kumaJuda uphawu kazwelonke, banner ubunye, amandla omoya kanye isiqinisekiso ngokomzimba ngesivikelo saphezulu. Lapho thempeli labhujiswa amaJuda abathunjiwe iminyaka engu-70, ukholo Israyeli kuleli zwe kwase zazamazama. Abaningi futhi waqala ukukhulekela izithombe kwamaqaba nokwenziwa abantu ezisengozini nokonakala phakathi kwezinye izizwe. Kodwa kwakukhona abasekeli oshisekayo amasiko obaba bethu, owalwa ukuze kulondolozwe amasiko ezindala zenkolo kanye senhlalo. Lapho, ngo-516, amaJuda akwazi ukubuyela ezweni labo futhi yakhe kabusha ithempeli, ukuthi iqembu abathanda kwaholela inqubo ukuvuselelwa wekuba sive Israeli. Lakhiwa ithempeli, futhi waqala ukuthatha indawo yokukhulekela futhi azidele, futhi ngenhlanhla enkolweni yobuJuda uqobo wazuza ubuso entsha: ukuze codify umBhalo, amasiko amaningi bayalwa, ukukhipha ngaso ukuba imfundiso engokomthetho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uthi phakathi kwamaJuda, kwakukhona nokuvuma eziningana aba nemibono ehlukene nezimfundiso futhi zokuziphatha. Nokho, ubunye sabo esingokomoya futhi zezombusazwe ihlinzeka ethempelini ezivamile futhi yokukhulekela. Inkathi iThempeli Lesibili wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-70 BC. e.

UbuJuda ngemva kuka-70 CE. e.

Ngo-70 CE. e., ekulweni phakathi neMpi YamaJuda, umkhuzi Thithu waqala ziyazika futhi kamuva wabhubhisa iJerusalema. Phakathi kwezakhiwo abathintekayo wayebuye kwethempeli lamaJuda, okuyinto labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amaJuda baye baphoqeleka ngesisekelo izimo zomlando, shintsha enkolweni yobuJuda. Kafushane, lezi zinguquko lokhu ukholo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukhathazekile kwakuwukuthi: amaJuda saphela ukulalela amandla sabapristi abangamakhosi. Ngemva kokubhujiswa abapristi ethempelini akazange ahlale, futhi indima abaholi benkolo bathatha lo Orabi, abafundisi bomthetho - abantu abavamile, abe isikhundla emphakathini okusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kwamaJuda. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla UbuJuda imelelwa ifomu yorabi kuphela. Yena eyathinteka indima emasinagogeni - zikhungo zendawo samasiko amaJuda nengokomoya. Emasinagogeni amasevisi saphezulu, ukufunda imiBhalo, ntshumayelo kanye uzibophezele imikhosi ebalulekile. Lapho kuhlelwa Yeshiva - ezikoleni ezikhethekile isifundo zenkolo yobuJuda neyalabo abazibiza ngolimi lwesiHebheru futhi isiko.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, kanye ethempelini ngo-70 CE. e. AmaJuda elahlekile wekuba sive yayo. Babenqatshelwe abakhileyo eJerusalema, ngenxa yalokho, bahlakazekela Nakweminye imizi ka ngaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaHlakazekile Jewish abakhona cishe kuwo wonke amazwe wonke amazwekazi. Isimanga ukuthi babephumelela impela amelana nokwenziwa futhi sakwazi ukuqhubeka bazikhohlwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kumnyama noma kubomvu. Nokho kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ubuJuda ziye zashintsha njengoba isikhathi, savela futhi ithuthukiswe, Ngakho-ke, umbuzo "Iyini inkolo yamaJuda?", Kufanele bayowenza kwesikhathi zomlando, ngoba UbuJuda Yikhulu 1st BC. e. Baphuma ebuJudeni futhi-15 AD leminyaka. e. Ngokwesibonelo, akuyona into efanayo.

Ukholo Jewish

Njengoba kakade kushiwo, imfundiso yokungafi UbuJuda, okungenani wesimanje, labizwa ngokuthi monotheism: singaphoqi ke njengoba izifundo zenkolo, futhi amaJuda ngokwawo. Jewish ukholo umsebenzi iwukuqashelwa kaYehova omunye unkulunkulu umdali wezinto zonke. Ngokwabo namaJuda ukubona okuningi abantu abakhethiwe, abantwana baka-Abrahama, ezithinta umsebenzi okhethekile.

Esikhathini esithile ngesikhathi, cishe, ngenkathi i-eyakhishwa ekuthunjweni kwaseBabiloni futhi ithempeli lesibili UbuJuda wathatha umqondo uvuko lwabafileyo kanye Lokwahlulela Zokugcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona imifanekiso yezimbali ngezingelosi namademoni - amabutho samuntu okuhle nokubi. Zombili lezi izimfundiso zihlobene namaZoroaster, futhi, cishe, ngokuxhumana amaJuda kweBabiloni ukuhlanganisa zalezi umzimba ku lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa yabo.

Izindinganiso zenkolo zobuJuda

Ukukhuluma ngengokomoya lamaJuda, kungenziwa wagomela ukuthi ubuJuda - inkolo, kafushane kwachazwa ngokuthi amasiko ihlelo. Eqinisweni, isiko, ngisho nomncane, abe okukhulu enkolweni yobuJuda, kanye ngokwephula umthetho wabo uncika sijeziso esinzima.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lezi amasiko kuyisiko ukusoka, ngaphandle okuyinto umJuda ayikwazi kubhekwe nomele agcwele abantu bakhe. Ukusoka sesivumelwano phakathi kukaJehova nabantu abakhethiwe.

Esinye isici esibalulekile endleleni lamaJuda lokuphila - kokugubha esiqinile yesabatha. NgoMgqibelo sinikezwe ubungcwele okungavamile: kungavunyelwe noma yimuphi umsebenzi, ngisho elula kakhulu, ezifana zokupheka. Futhi ngoMgqibelo, awukwazi nje fun - lamuhla inikezwa kuphela ukuphumula kanye umzimba ongokomoya.

imisinga Jewish

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ubuJuda - inkolo emhlabeni. Kodwa eqinisweni akusiyo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi UbuJuda ngokuyinhloko cult kazwelonke, indlela lapho abantu abangewona amaJuda kunzima ngempela, futhi okwesibili, isibalo sabalandeli bakhe kancane kakhulu ngaye njengoba inkolo emhlabeni. Nokho, ubuJuda - inkolo ne nethonya emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela esifubeni UbuJuda weza izinkolo zomhlaba ezimbili - ubuKristu nobuSulumane. Futhi eziningi, eyayithe chithi saka emhlabeni umphakathi ezingamaJuda ziye njalo zazithonya ethize isiko kanye nokuphila emphakathini.

Nokho, into ebalulekile ukuthi ubuJuda uqobo namuhla ngaphakathi ayikanye eyohlobo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ephendula umbuzo ngalokho inkolo yamaJuda, kumelwe futhi cacisa it esimweni ngasinye ethize. Lawo maqembu eziningana vnutriiudeyskih. The main wabo Orthodox iphiko ukunyakaza Hasidic kwamaJuda, Reformed. Kukhona futhi UbuJuda enenqubekela phambili futhi iqembu elincane lamaJuda kaMesiya. Nokho, the last emphakathini wamaJuda akufaki kusuka emphakathini wamaJuda.

NobuJuda nobuSulumane

Ekhuluma maqondana Islam ebuJudeni, kubalulekile, okokuqala, ukuze wazi ukuthi AmaSulumane nawo bazibheke abangamadodana ka-Abrahama, kodwa hhayi kusuka Isaka. Okwesibili, amaJuda abhekwa abantu yencwadi kanye abathwali izambulo zaphezulu, nakuba yisikhathi, kusukela umbono amaSulumane. Ukucabanga ngani okholweni yamaJuda, abalandeli Islam recognize ukukhulekela uNkulunkulu ofanayo. Okwesithathu, ubuhlobo zomlando phakathi amaJuda namaSulumane bekusolo ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile kudinga ukuhlaziya ehlukene. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngemcondvo banayo kuningi abafana ngakho.

Izimiso zobuJuda nobuKristu

Nge amaKristu kumaJuda njalo babe nobuhlobo ngingakhululeki. Zombili izinhlangothi akakuthandanga nomunye, okuvame zaholela ezingxabanweni ngisho ukuchitha igazi. Nokho, namuhla, ubudlelwane phakathi kwalezi zinkolo ezimbili Abrahama kancane kancane ngcono, nakuba namanje neze. AmaJuda abe inkumbulo zomlando ezinhle futhi ukhumbule njengamaKristu abacindezeli nabashushisi phezu iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ukuze ingxenye yabo, amaKristu ayengezwa kusolwe Eqinisweni amaJuda wokubethelwa kukaKristu futhi ezihlobene nale isono zonke ngamashwa abo zomlando.

isiphetho

In isihloko iDemo akunakwenzeka cabangisisa okugcwele isihloko mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo amaJuda sibe nokholo ezindabeni ithiyori, practice nasesikhathini elala abalandeli zezinye izinkolo. Ngakho-ke, ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi lesi Ukubuyekeza encane lizokhuphuka ukuze uthole okunye, ngokujulile namasiko obuJuda.