Rabi Chief of Russia Lazar Berl: Biography, umndeni. Incwadi "I-Jewish Russian"

Ngo-2010, ngokwemibiko ye-yokubala abantu, eRussia wahlala kancane kuka 156.000 amaJuda, noma 0,16% abantu sebebonke. Lesi sizwe, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka ayeshushiswa, wahlala ngempela kahle enhlabathini isiRashiya, ngokwakha emasinagogeni, ezikoleni zamaJuda livuliwe, amaholide abangamaJuda. Ukuze ukwenzangcono yokuphila amaJuda elwa Chief waseRussia Rabi, ogama lakhe - Berl Lazar. Lingubani leli qhawe? Lavelaphi? Njengoba wakwazi bayosethemba futhi ubungani engakaze ibonwe uqine izikhulu eziphezulu kakhulu?

Ubujamo isikhundla

Abanye bakholelwa Rabi - nguye ngubani esinagogeni, ezifana abefundisi bama-Orthodox. Empeleni, zonke Orabi akubona abapristi. Igama lesiHebheru lingase lihunyushwe ngokuthi "okukhulu", "umfundisi" nelithi, ngakho-ke kuyinto isihloko academic (njenge "Uprofesa", "zezemfundo") ngoba umuntu owayefundelwa Torah iTalmud. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amazwe, orabi kungenziwa eziqhutshwa isikhulu soMbuso. Ukwazi lezi ubuqili kusiza ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ubani lo nokuthi yini Lazar Berl. idiploma Rabi wathola ngo-1988, ekupheleni le yeshiva (isikhungo yenkolo ephakeme) "Tomhei Tmimim", eNew York. Rank elicacisiwe idiploma yakhe - Dayan, ke okungukuthi umahluleli. Kulesi sisekelo, Lazar Berl wayekwenza umthetho emphakathini wamaJuda, unquma Emacaleni esehlukaniso, izingxabano kwezomnotho kanye nezinye ibhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi bangene bagamanxe imisebenzi yomphakathi njengoba ilungu Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, Kojima waqala ngokuveza isimemezelo esisayinwe uMengameli Vladimir Putin ngo-2005. Ngezenzo ubambisana uChief Rabbi yeRussia, kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe abathintekayo kulo World Congress of Russian eJudiya congresses (usihlalo), inhloko ithimba, ethule intshumayelo, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ubhala izincwadi.

Ukuqala enkambweni yokuphila

Ngo-1964, ngosuku lwasentwasahlobo emangalisayo, Meyi 19, emndenini Milan urabi, i sithunywa we Rebbe ka Chabad - edumile Mendel Schneerson, wazalwa Omunye umfana okuthiwa u Shlomo Dov Ber Lazar Pinhos futhi esifushanisiwe Berel Lazar. Umlando wakhe ujabule ngempela, akukho namabala amnyama yokucindezelwa nokushushiswa. Little Berl Ros up obisini lukanina sifakwe emanzini namasiko obuJuda kanye imibono evamile ye Chabad. Lazar naye uyawukhumbula, njengoba ingane, ayenakho izithombe ezimbili - uyise njalo ukuba labo abaswele, futhi Sherlock Holmes. Little Burl walithanda Conan Doyle futhi Wayefisa ukuba umphenyi. Up iminyaka engu-15, wafunda e-Milan abavamile esikoleni samaJuda. namandla omzimba kunjani Ezivelele wama phandle, Wayezacile nababuthakathaka, kodwa emakhanda esikoleni. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-15, wathuthela Melika, lapho wabhalisa e College isiHebheru, wayiqeda, wayifulela, waya ukufundelwa yeshiva "Tomhei Tmimim". Lapho ngineminyaka engu-23 Lazar Berl kwaba umcimbi ukugcotshwa (yokwahlukaniselwa), futhi ngaleso 24, wathola i-diploma futhi isihloko Rabi Dayan.

umshado

Kuphumelele sciences nokuphila we Rabi esincane sasikanye ekujaheni ukushada, njengoba kaningi watshela abafundi bakhe nabo ngesikhathi yeshiva. Nokho, unina inkanuko elinde abazukulu. Lapho Rabi uzokwenzani imisebenzi Judaic eRussia, le Unina wavuma ukuthi waya lapho, kodwa emva komshado. Berl kwakudingeka alalele. Umkayo wayesesibhedlela ngumhlali wase-America, umJuda ngokuzalwa, uthisha oqeqeshiwe uHana Derain, ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Lazar Berl wahlangana umakoti wakhe akayena yena, futhi ngosizo wabantu. umndeni sikaHana wahlala e Pittsburgh. Uyise, u-Ezekiyeli Derain, futhi, Rabi, ephakanyiswe namadodakazi (uHana has 2 nodade abahlanu) emasikweni kazwelonke kanye rigor zifundiswe ukuhlonipha futhi ukugcina imithetho yobuJuda. Abantu abasha lwabuthana like udonga endlini, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-2 washada. Unyaka babehlala Melika ke bathuthela eRussia.

izingane

UHana Derain uyazicabangela yena owesifazane bajabule, futhi igcina uphindaphinda lokho umyeni okahle Lazar Berl. Umndeni ngaye - lokhu ikhona yini imbangela ophambili. Lo mbhangqwana okwamanje izingane 13, ngasinye sazo kakhulu othandekayo. Ngowokuqala ngqa indodakazi yabo Haya efa eseneminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Uma lokhu azikaze, izindlalifa uLazaru kungaba 14. Ngokusho komthetho wamaJuda, kufanele kube khona izingane eziningi uNkulunkulu ubanikeza. Lo mndeni kuthiwa ngokucacile ejabulela umusa wakhe. Umehluko phakathi izingane lapha unyaka owodwa noma emibili. UHana, umbuzo ukuthi ayiphethe ukuba abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha "ithimba" enjalo, kuthi njalo ukusiza junior abaphezulu kanye Yiqiniso, umama. Ezemfundo senzeka lapha ngesisekelo imithetho yobuJuda. Bobabili abazali bacabanga ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani kuyoba izingane zabo, inqobo nje babehlala abanokholo lwangempela umphefumulo. I postulate lemfundo yesibili - ukutshela izingane iqiniso, ngisho noma kuyinto eqanjiwe okungenangozi umntwana edla semolina engathandwa. Naphezu eziningi imisebenzi yasekhaya, uHana uthola isikhathi ukuhola wayithola esikoleni samaJuda ngasese, futhi izingane bayofunda khona kusukela eminyakeni emi-2.

Indodakazi endala

Lazar Berl noHana babe amantombazane 8 no-5 abafana. Indodakazi endala, Blum, owazalwa ngo-1991, ngo-June, uRuthe washada Ayzeka Rozenfelda, eyise futhi urabi futhi isithunywa Chabad kakhulu, kuphela Colombia. Bahlangana abasha uHana Lazare, okuyinto, ekubeni owesifazane, wayevame umndeni Rosenfeld. Umkhwenyana efika e Moscow ukubazi nge umlobokazi ongamalungu Colombian zasehlobo ezifudumele e umnkantsha Russian ebusika. Ngemva kwemihlangano eziningana, abantu osemusha wanquma uthembisene umshado, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezine nengxenye, ngo-June 2011, aphethwe emshadweni wabo. Lalihlelekile kwelinye amapaki ngobukhulu kuleli dolobha. Ukuhalalisela Blum no-Isaka, futhi bahloniphe zabo kuya uChief Rabbi ka eRussia, befika abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,500 kusukela Melika, Israyeli, Colombia, i-Russia, e-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe, lapho kukhona inhlangano Chabad. Berl Lazar kugcizelelwe ukuthi ngisho 2 emashumini eminyaka adlule, kwakuyinto engacabangeki baphupha evulekile lomshado wamaJuda, futhi manje kwaba cishe maphakathi eMoscow, okungukuthi, kukhona okuningi intuthuko ekuthuthukiseni isimo samaJuda eRussia.

Ukwazana kuqala nge-dolobha

Rabi Berel Lazar wokuqala wafika eMoscow njengoba umfundi yeshiva. Kwathi ngo-1987, ngemva nje ukugcotshwa kwakhe, esikhathini yokwakha kabusha, lapho izwe elinamandla nezwi kuklebhukile. Berl yena ukhumbula ngesikhathi sakhe, akekho owayazi, ngakho wayengazimisele khulula ukuhamba emigwaqweni, ukugibela esitimeleni, okuyinto kakhulu othanda. Manje njengoba ukukhokhela urabi abakhulu abakwazi. Yena ihamba edolobheni kuphela Ukuvikelwa. Ohambeni lwakhe lokuqala eRussia wayengeyena nje nohambo lwasolwandle izivakashi. sithunywa Young Chabad wafika lapha ukuthola uxhumano we Russian emphakathini wamaJuda ukuze izwe ngaphandle. Ngalezo zinsuku, akukho muntu wayenesithakazelo eU.SSR befa, lokho Chabad Lubavitch, yini izinhlelo zalo ezinkulu, ngakho umsebenzi waba yimpumelelo. Yini kakhulu washaya Berl? Ukuvuleleka, ngobuqotho abayeni kubantu ke Soviet iyathanda ukuhlanganyela yakamuva.

Ukuhambisa eRussia

Ehlabeke umxhwele ngenxa yezinguquko ukuvakashelwa likahulumeni waseSoviet Berel Lazar baqala ukufundisa isiRashiya, ngaphezu isiNtaliyane, isiNgisi, Yiddish, isiHebheru, isi-French, okhuluma ephelele. Ngo-1989, yaba khona ukuvulwa eMoscow lesikole amasha angamaJuda, ngo-1990 nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela neRussia ngo yokuhlala eside, futhi cishe ngaso leso sikhathi (ekuqaleni kuka-1991) kwaba ubona sengathi urabi sesinagoge, ise-Marina Roshcha. Ubunzima ezenzeke ngalezo ngenxa yokuthi amaJuda amaningi, ngokushesha nje lapho iSoviet Union iwa futhi imingcele avuleka, ngendlela isikhathi-sensitive bethuthele Israyeli futhi Melika. Nokho, kancane kancane, ngaphansi kobuholi Berl Lazar, waqala ukuvuseleleka nangomphakathi wamaJuda. Moscow - ke kuyinto enhle futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Europe, lapho abantu abaningana kweshumi bezizwe baphile. AmaJuda imayelana 200 000. yomphakathi omkhulu eMoscow (MEOTS) elise Marina Grove. Lapha akukho kuphela esinagogeni, kodwa futhi esikoleni zezingane yesibili, Sorority, amaqembu ezemidlalo, yaseshashalazini, lapho kudlalwa amateur amaqembu professional, ibhizinisi club "USolomoni", okuyinto ihlose - ukwakha ibhizinisi Jewish emhlabeni.

urabi Izinsuku zeviki abakhulu

Abantu Russian yayiyindlela enobungane ngokweqile ukuze zonke izizwe, ububanzi-bevula iminyango abafundi abavela kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi izivakashi, nabakwamanye amazwe. Isimo sengqondo esifanayo nathi namaJuda. Berl Lazar phezu Russian njalo ukhuluma ngenhlonipho (okungenani, e yomphakathi). Iyajabula ngokuthi akhe ntwana are abangane nezingane isiRashiya, nokuthi ulimi lwabo main - Russian. Ngeshwa, kulo lonke izwe kukhona izakhamuzi, umuzwa omubi nalabo abamele ezincane kazwelonke. Kuvulwe amacala amabili phansi kwenzeke eRussia. Ngakho, emathuneni Jewish labhujiswa ngo Malakhovka. Kulesi senzakalo, Berl Lazar wasikisela ukuthi umvuzo omkhulu wezimali kulabo kuzosiza ukuthola abantu ababenze. Wanakekela usizo lwezimali kanye bengabavakashela esibhedlela e Israyeli Tatiana Sapunova Kulimale eMoscow ngoba yena wokuhlanza ipuleti imidwebo anti-lwamaSemite. Kuyinto zonke inkinga, uChief Rabbi enobuthi kwansuku zonke. Kodwa kukhona okuningi okuhle, ezifana kuvulwa emasinagogeni entsha futhi izikhungo angamaJuda kwakungasho kuphela eMoscow, kodwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngenxa yale njongo, Berl Lazar uhambela emadolobheni ehlukene (Perm, Barnaul, njll), lapho itholakala nge izinyathelo nezinye izikhulu.

Ubudlelwano noMongameli Russian

cindezela Overseas ubiza Berel Lazar kuphela ngokuthi "Urabi Putin sika." Kwaba njalo ngempela, kwaba ngosizo uMongameli, uMnu Lazar kuya ezimbili Israyeli lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo-US, ngo-2000, wabe esenezela eyesithathu - Russian. Esikhathini esizayo, ukubambisana kulaba bantu ababili ikhule ibe umngane engenakuqhathaniswa. Ngokusho uHana Lazare, lapho umyeni wakhe uya ezibiyele, izingane ngokuqinisekile bacele uthathe kubo nawe, noma okungenani sawubona yabo ehamba ekhulekelwa uMalume Vova. Putin ivamile emphakathini wamaJuda, ivuliwe amaholide abangamaJuda. Wakhe ubuhlobo ithemba nomongameli akufihli futhi Berel Lazar. "Jewish Russian" - Encwadini yakhe entsha ukuthi urabi uthi Putin obuza naye ezindabeni eziningi, futhi Berl umnikeza iseluleko ngesimo ngemifanekiso. Nakuba mhlawumbe into umhumushi ihaba. Nokho, awukwazi zingahambi kahle inzalo Presidential yethu Wezindaba we-Russian emphakathini wamaJuda, ngoba naphezu kokuba matasa, uthola isikhathi emnyu- abasha abangamaJuda athuthukiswe ngokubambisana Berl, wacondza ka-Israyeli i-kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo yamaJuda, babekela eceleni ihora elilodwa noma amabili ukuba nengxoxo ngasese nabafundi urabi.

udumisa

Lazar Berl kakhulu okuningi ku-Russia, njengoba kuphawuliwe izindondo, imiklomelo kanye nezitifiketi. Izinqumo imiklomelo ngemvume mathupha nguMengameli Putin.

Ama-oda ezimbili ubona sengathi urabi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ngo-2004. Eyokuqala - "UNongorwana Minin futhi Pozharsky", owesibili - "Order Obungane".

Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-2005, baklonyeliswa "Order of Petra Velikogo", onikeza ngoba isibindi isibindi ekusebenziseni imisebenzi civil noma wezempi nemisebenzi ukuze kuzuze eqinisa Russia nase ngendondo "Iminyaka 60 Izitha seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili."

Ngo-2006, urabi Russian wamnikela Golden Ibheji "Public Recognition", futhi 2014th - Order "Ukuze Merit".

Berl Lazar futhi Chabad

Izwe lonke uyazi ukuthi manje ukunyakaza Chabad. Yaqalwa ngo-ngekhulu le-18 ukuze basakaze izimfundiso Torah izinto ngokuhlakanipha, ngokuqonda nolwazi, eminyakeni yamuva nje iye yaba mva, lokho, ungalilahli fihla le Eqinisweni, ukukhuluma ngamazwi yomphakathi, futhi amanye amalungu alo ukunyakaza. Ikakhulukazi, bathi abaJuda - abantu ekhethekile, abakhethiweyo, abangcwele bonke abanye kufanele bakhethwe. I-Russian uhola ukunyakaza Lazar Berl. Chabad e ubuso bakhe kungahlali ne zobulwane kanye wobushiqela. UChief Rabbi imelela nokuhlalisana ngokuthula lezizwe, ngenkathi efuna ukukhulisa ngcono isimo samaJuda. Ufuna ukubamba omunye yokubala abantu, njengoba isiqiniseko sokuthi co-benkolo wakhe kuleli zwe iyikhaya okuningi kuka ukufunda njengoba izibalo ezisemthethweni.

ukubekezelelana

Leli gama e kwabantu kusho nokubekezelela imibono ehlukene kanye namasiko. Ngo-2012, imizamo Berl Lazar e Marina Grove wavulwa Centre Lokubekezelelana, lapho ngokushesha kwavela legatsha le-Russian Gosbiblioteki. Kukhona ungakwazi ukuboleka imisebenzi Schneerson, le Rebbe lokugcina Chabad. Incwadi Berel Lazar naye uye wathola indawo yayo Centre. Ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa umtapo bonke abantu baseRussia. Lokhu ngeke kodwa jabulani.

Le ncwadi urabi main waseRussia

Inani elikhulu izingxabano noma ukubandlululwa umphakathi Russian okubangelwa incwadi kabani kumbhali Berl Lazar. "Russia Jewish" - ngakho-ke libizwa. Lo msebenzi wawulotshwe ngesiHebheru, kodwa ungathola ukuhumusha Russian izahluko ngabanye. Ezinye izinto kuwo, kungase kukumangaze. Yiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuthi yonke into kuleli translation okungalungile. Ungathola ngokufunda yokuqala.