Mastoiditis: kuyini? izimpawu Mastoiditis, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

Isifo esithathelwanayo esithinta izakhi ithambo lomuntu yesikhashana Yekhanda ngenxa ukuvuvukala ubovu indlebe phakathi inqubo - a mastoiditis. Kuyini kungaziphi izizathu, futhi kukhona yini imiphumela kungaholela - yonke imibuzo okuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni sethu. Nokho, ukuqonda ubunjalo umsuka isifo, kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo yenqubo mastoid kanye nesakhiwo yokwakheka skull womuntu.

Isakhiwo Yekhanda. ithambo yesikhashana

kwakhiwa skull Human is iqoqo idayisi ukuthi evamile ngamaqembu amabili main - amathambo medullary umnyango amathambo esifundeni ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwala mathambo phakathi indlebe ingaphakathi kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu amathambo abhanqiwe - i-hammer, i-anvil nesitibili. ithambo Temporal - ithambo kusukela iqembu ikhadi palsy, okuyinto yakha isisekelo Yekhanda. I yesikhashana ithambo lahlukene nerve iziqu:

• vestibular-cochlear,
• phambi,
• ifindo trigeminal
• ezidukayo
• ezinzwa glossopharyngeal.

Ithambo yesikhashana siqukethe ezindaweni ezintathu: i-squamous, tympanic namatshe. Scale esifundeni yakha odongeni lateral Yekhanda; isigubhu ingxenye - element ozungezayo komsele indlebe; enamadwala ingxenye ifana mbhoshongo, futhi yenza umsebenzi iziqukathi maphakathi nendlebe futhi kwangaphakathi, lapho futhi ukudlula emithanjeni yegazi. Pyramid kuhlanganisa evele ezintathu - phambi, nibulale ezingasemuva, ngezansi. Lower amafomu esifundeni mastoid.

Umqondo begodu nesakhiwo mastoid

Mastoid kuyinto oyindilinga ezimise kwelivi ngokufanele ngemuva kwendlebe. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi mastoid - sebuningini ithambo izimbotshana nomoya nokuxhumana maphakathi nendlebe (ingaphakathi tympanic nge) nge mastoid emhumeni. Umgede (antrum) - kwekulu iseli mastoid. Ngu inqubo mastoid unamathisela imisipha, okuyinto siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu - i sternum, clavicle kanye mastoid.

Isakhiwo nqubo ngamanye umuntu ngamunye. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu. Womoya isakhiwo - mastoid siqukethe amaseli elikhulu nomoya. Diploeticheskoe isakhiwo - sakhiwo amaseli ezincane egcwele umnkantsha. isakhiwo Sclerotic - isakhiwo kweselula kakhulu kabi athuthukile.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlobo olunjani lwesakhiwo mastoid engaphansi kakhulu mastoiditis. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, mastoiditis eba abantu nge isakhiwo womoya yenqubo mastoid.

Mastoiditis: kuyini?

Mastoiditis - kuyinto ukuvuvukala ezenzeka ulwelwesi emhumeni (antrum) noma isakhiwo solwazi wethambo yesikhashana. Ahlukanisa zokugula ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile ezikhonjwe izinhlobo ezimbili isifo - mastoiditis zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, baxhumana mastoid we umgodi tympanic. Ezimweni eziningi mastoiditis kwenzeka ngoba zokugula mastoid ku isizinda phakathi indlebe ukuvuvukala. Lesi sithombe emitholampilo kusikisela mastoiditis yesibili njengoba kwetintfo abezindaba ezingamahlalakhona otitis.

Imbangela ezivame kakhulu mastoiditis acute kukhona streptococci futhi staphylococci, okungenani - Pseudomonas aeruginosa nezinye amagciwane aerobic kanye anaerobic. Ezimweni kakhulu ezingavamile lapho sifo sibangelwa mycobacteria.

mastoiditis Primary - a zokugula ukuthi singenzeka:

• Ngenxa yokulimala kubangelwa inxeba lomuntu odutshuliwe noma Yekhanda Waphuka.
• Esikhathini inguqulelo ubovu inqubo phezu kwamathambo mastoid ka-lymph.
• Ngenxa izifo ezithile - TB noma granulomas ezithathelwanayo.

Inqubo lesi sifo elandelayo. Lapho ukulimala zenzeka Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu amaningi izindonga mncane e ithambo, okuholela kwetinhlavu izicucu, okuyinto, kanye igazi elichithwe yokudala indawo evumayo ukuncibilika izinsalela futhi intuthuko eqhubekayo ukuvuvukala.

Nesigaba lesi sifo

Njengomthetho, ukuthuthukiswa mastoiditis asitholayo izigaba ezimbili:

• exudative,
• proliferative kanye nehlukile.

Esigabeni sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni mastoiditis - exudative, uyaqhubeka izinsuku 7-10. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuvuvukala mastoid. I lwamafinyila ulwelwesi ichichima, le mastoid iseli isakhiwo zivaliwe, ezigcwele ubomvu nesisindo abahlukene emhumeni mastoid. Iphethini XRD kuleli qophelo isifo utjengisa ukukhambelana ngodonga ezicashile phakathi amaseli.

Alternative-proliferative nesigaba lesi sifo libhekene ukubhujiswa ngodonga oluhlukanisa amaseli bese ukubukeka ngamaqembu ahlukene amaseli, okuyinto ihlangana zibe umgodi volumetric. Izinguquko zenzeka umnkantsha amathambo izakhiwo semithambo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthukisa cholesteatoma maphakathi nendlebe kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izinqubo sokugembula emzimbeni, kuhlanganise mastoiditis. Kuyini lokhu? Cholesteatoma kuyinto capsule, ehlanganisa cornified amaseli EPITHELIAL.

Mastoiditis: Izimpawu

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa mastoiditis - inqubo isikhathi ukudliwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze umuntu aphumelele kuleli bhizinisi, kubalulekile ukukhomba isifo ngezigaba zayo zokuqala. Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani izimpawu manifest mastoiditis, ihlukanise izinhlobo ejwayelekile futhi atypical lesi sifo. Ukuze ifomu atypical noma esicashile lesi sifo elinesimo ukugeleza evilaphayo ngaphandle izimpawu libizwa.

Ifomu ejwayelekile ka mastoiditis, iziguli zingase esekhala ubuhlungu obuhlabayo endlebeni kanye nenhloko, ezisabalele ngemuva ekhanda noma ebunzini; evuvukele mastoid esifundeni. Nge ukuvuvukala abukhali kwezicubu, ikakhulukazi kumiswa inqubo ubovu kuzo, pinna bulged kaningi.

Ngakho khona lesi sifo kungase kubonise nemingcele esishintshile futhi umphumela ukuhlolwa igazi ezivukayo ukuvuvukala.

Ukuze mastoiditis kungase kuhambisane ukuthuthukiswa Gradenigo Syndrome, lapho kukhona ukukhubazeka we abducens. Isiguli bekulokhu ukuhamba elilinganiselwe yeso kusukela indlebe lesiguli. Photophobia angagcina. Lezi izimpawu zivame ukuba ukhombise ukuvuvukala ezikhawuliwe meninges, okuyinto izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda sohlangothi olulodwa.

Izimpawu afana izimpawu mastoiditis furunculosis indlebe zangaphandle kanye ukuvuvukala lymph node esemva auricle. Njengoba lezi amayunithi asezindaweni imaphakathi inqubo mastoid, zinikeza ukuhamba lymph kulo lonke indlebe. Embusweni enempilo, izindlala zamanzi engeyokuqala ngamunye kalula avelayo. Lapho lesi sifo zonke -lymph kuthiwa eshelelayo. Lapho mastoiditis ingcindezi ISIZINDA kubangela akukho imiphumela emibi phezu kwamathambo mastoid - kubangela; lapho adenitis emuva.

Uma eqhathaniswa inkambo sifo abadala, mastoiditis ezinganeni kungenziwa libhekene izimpawu nonspecific kanye ukuzwakala ukungakuthandi ukudla, isifo sohudo, ukucasuka, ukuzehlukanisa kusukela indlebe zangaphandle.

amafomu atypical of mastoiditis

Ngaphezu amafomu ejwayelekile lesi sifo, wezokwelapha ihlukanise izinhlobo atypical of mastoiditis. Amafomu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• zigomatitsit,
• isihloko-entanyeni mastoiditis kokuba zenyathi ezine
• I Squam,
• petrozit.

Zigomatitsit - a mastoiditis uhlobo, lapho ukuvuvukala kudlulela inqubo zygomatic, cheekbones ukuvuvukala kwenzeka endaweni ngaphambi indlebe. Uma edema Kumiswa ithumba.

Ezinganeni, kungase kube amafomu "false" zigomatitsitov - Ithumba, okuyinto akuphazamisi amaseli empandeni inqubo zygomatic. Njengoba izingane zikhulela athuthukiswe kahle emhumeni kuphela bavame ukuqala antritis - ukuvuvukala ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we mastoid antrum. Ngaphambili, lesi sifo kwaholela okusezingeni eliphezulu ukufa kwezinsana amazinga.

Squam - inqubo ubovu esithinta ithambo yesikhashana.

Uma ukuvuvukala iqala endaweni yesikhashana ithambo mbhoshongo, lapho petrozit. By the way, petrozity zikhula kancane.

Izinhlobo isihloko-entanyeni mastoiditis

Ngu Shane mastoiditis isihloko zihlanganisa:

• mastoiditis Betsoldovsky - zokugula, lapho ubomvu kwasakazwa esifundeni imisipha sternocleidomastoid, futhi endaweni sokudlondlobala mastoid kukhona ukuvuvukala. I pathologies kwemizi zingase zingabonakali phezu lateral kwelivi tomography ithambo yesikhashana. Okunezimpawu mastoiditis ifomu lapho besanda kuqala iyona ukuhamba abampofu entanyeni.
• Mastoiditis Chetelli - zokugula lapho ubomvu singena ngaphansi ezingemuva inqubo mastoid.
• Mastoiditis Moore - ubulwelwe lapho ubomvu ubabonisa phakathi Imisipha yentamo ngenxa ukuvuvukala wesibeletho lymph node ithumba Kumiswa. Kulokhu, kukhona ukuvuvuka entanyeni, bese ingaqala fistulas.
• Mastoiditis Orleans - zokugula, lapho esifundeni elingenhla kwesigaba imisipha sternocleidomastoid kwakhiwa zokuzikhukhumeza, isisa ku ingcindezi. Nokho, akukho ukudedelwa ubomvu kusukela indlebe, ngokungafani Betsoldovskogo mastoiditis.

ukuhlola

Ngokuvamile, sitholakele "mastoiditis" isethi, ngokusekelwe umlando wezempilo wesiguli. Lokhu ucabangela ayilibalanga indlebe zokugula, ukwelashwa olwenziwa, khona / ukungabikho yezinkinga; ukwephulwa elilinganisiwe isimo jikelele impilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha ukuthi uphethwe yini indima yokugcina idlalwa ngu lesiguli izikhalazo, ukuhlolwa kanye palpation indlebe, imiphumela otoscopy, audiometry, laboratory osenyameni evela indlebe, iso ophthalmoscopy futhi biomicroscopy. computed tomography - indlela olujwayelekile okuyinto mastoiditis sitholakale. Kuyini lokhu? Lolu hlobo lwe-uphethwe ikuvumela ukuba ngibone ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi yonke isakhiwo kogebhezi ukuhlola ubukhulu izinqubo ukuthuthukiswa ubovu kanye nebanga sabo kusuka ubuchopho emsipheni ebusweni. Le nqubo kusekelwe ucwaningo ikhishiwe isakhiwo bento - kuqhathaniswa nomphumela kwama-X ray at ezahlukene izicubu kwabantu. Idatha etholwe babhekana computer eziyinkimbinkimbi.

-X-ray Yekhanda, isibonelo, osiza ekuboneni ukuthi ungubani ngokucacile akachazeki iseli izindonga ngenxa ukuvuvukala, ngokusobala okuyinto eyabonisa ukuthuthukiswa mastoiditis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mastoiditis lapho esolwa eyenziwa ukuhlaziywa emitholampilo igazi ubomvu kusukela indlebe ukuzwela nemithi.

Ukuze lokwenza ukuxilongwa "mastoiditis", kungase kudingeke ubuze Otolaryngologist hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye Ochwepheshe - kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko, udokotela wamazinyo, ophthalmologist, udokotela ohlinzayo.

ukwelashwa ngoludala

Ngokuvamile, zokugula kungenziwa wayeka ngendlela efanele usaqala. Uma umuntu ngokushesha ucela usizo kudokotela onguchwepheshe bese uthole okufika ngesikhathi ukwelashwa (antibiotic), eyeka ukusabalala ukutheleleka, futhi kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi isiguli kuphakama kube nezinkinga esikhathini esizayo, elibangela mastoiditis.

Ukwelapha wenziwa kanje. Okokuqala, isicelo okuvulekile spectrum antibiotic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhambisana imiphumela izifundo laboratory izinto eziphilayo azithathe babelwa imithi elwa namagciwane aqondene nomphumela ohlangothini kakhulu ikhonjwe ku amagciwane aerobic kanye anaerobic. Qedela nokuqedwa ukutheleleka kungadinga eside yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithi elwa namagciwane ube nobunzima ekujuleni isakhiwo inqubo mastoid. Futhi asikabi Ukuphinda lesi sifo, kungase kube mastoiditis ezingamahlalakhona.

kungenzeka lapho besanda kuqala ukwelashwa mastoiditis ngokungabi bikho nzima zici eziyinkimbinkimbi elashwe okuqhubekayo iqondiswa Physiotherapy (UHF, microwave). A nomphumela omuhle zokwelapha babe ukulibopha endaweni ngemuva kwendlebe. By endleleni, lokhu kungaba kokubili sifudumale futhi abandayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamaphilisi ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile wancipha nokudlondlobala mastoiditis futhi lokhu kwaholela inzuzo yokwelashwa olandelanayo phezu ukuhlinzwa.

ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa alinikezi kwentuthuko kwezempilo nesineke. Ezimweni ezinjalo, impatho kuhlinzwa izinqubo sokugembula ezibangela mastoiditis. Ukusebenza, nokho, awukhulumi negate ukuphathwa parallel olandelanayo.

Phakathi amathekhiniki ezivamile kuhlinzwa kukhona myringotomy - imbobo eardrum - nekungeniswa tube tympanostomy, ukuqinisekisa excretion kobovu kusukela indlebe. Ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi - kusukela emasontweni amabili kuya ezinyangeni eziningana - ngamapayipi angesabi isiqedwa eardrum kanye imbobo uphulukisa ngokwemvelo.

Antromastoidotomy - ukuhlinzwa, lapho kuvulwe antrum futhi mastoid trepanning. Inhloso ukuhlinzwa kulokhu nokususwa ngokuphelele izicubu abathintekayo. Kukhona amacala lapho kokungenela kuhlinzwa kususwe yonke inqubo nge tip yayo. zokukhwabanisa okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi mastoidectomy. Akuve eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi noma aphendukele ekuthengiseni ke kwenzeka yezinkinga noma ngokungabi bikho Dynamics omuhle yokwelashwa. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu antrotomiyu kokwenza - manipulation antrum, njengoba zibizwa kahle athuthukile mastoid.

Izinkinga of mastoiditis. zokuvimbela

In the ukungabikho unesifo noma ukwelashwa isifo wabe zezicubu ezizungezile, okungaholela yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, njenge ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa, labyrinthitis kanti ngenxa yalokho - e isiyezi, ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa. Lesifo kungathinta emsipheni ebusweni kanye kubangele ukukhubazeka we imisipha yobuso. ngokuvamile Mastoiditis kuyimbangela subperiosteal ithumba inhlamvu ekuthuthukiseni zigomatitsita, skvamita, petrozita, paresis otogenny. Uma ukuvuvukala ezithinta ulwelwesi ubuchopho eba meningitis. Ukuba khona noma iyiphi yalezi yezinkinga isiguli - lokhu kuyinkomba lokungenela kuhlinzwa.

Umsebenti kanye nesiguli professional kanye wezokwelapha - ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa mastoiditis. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo sihlobene eduze zokuvimbela ithumba of maphakathi nendlebe - a zokugula ngokuthi "abezindaba otitis". Mastoiditis - isifo ayikwazi ukudlalwa. Izimpawu zayo kanye izimbangela kudingeka zixazululwe kusaqalwa. Ukwelashwa kufanele afaneleke futhi ezanele.

Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa lapha omzimba omuntu nekhono layo ukuze simelane ukutheleleka. Kubalulekile ukunakekela ingaphakathi acinene nomlomo, ukuze ugweme isifo ukuvuvukala kule nasopharynx. Kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni mastoiditis ekuhlonzweni kwezifo of the indlebe kanye ilungelo yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

Esihlokweni ulwazi mayelana ncamashi yilokhu mastoiditis; izimpawu, ukwelapha isifo kanye nokuvinjelwa yayo. Nokho, siphawula ukuthi into ebhalwe ngasenhla kwenzelwe nje ukujwayelaniswa. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukungabaza mayelana sifo kufanele ngokushesha funa usizo lwezempilo kusukela onguchwepheshe.