Maurits Cornelis Escher: imidwebo, biography

Ngaphandle ithalente kwezobuciko, Maurits Escher kwadingeka isipho esiyingqayizivele ovezwa zonke ezimpilweni zabo - okungukuthi, ikhono nibheka umhlaba futhi ukubona lokhu engela engavamile. Akuvamile kakhulu - ukuba sibone ngalé evamile ezingalindelekile, akekho wayengakaze akubone.

Ukudala Maurits Escher

Indodana unjiniyela, George Escher futhi uSara umkakhe 1898 eNetherlands, indodana yesihlanu wazalwa, ethiwa Maurizio. Babehlala Leeuwarden isakhiwo lapho Museum 'Princessehof' manje. Umndeni lalinabashumayeli nezihlakaniphi nabaculi ngomqondo obanzi izwi. Umzala abasebasha Escher kwaba umqambi, ukuthi uyindoda ebucayi ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvumelana, eyakhelwe izimiso yezibalo.

Ngokuzimisela Maurits Escher wafundela S. de Mesquita futhi uyaqaphela wakhetha ukusebenza we womqophi, hhayi umculi. Njengoba isizathu, wazama tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo - linoleum, itshe (cacisa ukuthi le nto kubhekwa kuphela yezicathulo, hhayi mikhondo), izinkuni. Uma ekuqaleni M. Escher wadala imisebenzi yakhe kokuqhathanisa omnyama nomhlophe, bese kamuva akabange oyongena imisebenzi yakhe ngombala.

Imisebenzi yokuthoma (1916-1922)

yezicathulo Traditional zenziwa noma kwi linoleum, noma ukhetha ukufana nesihlahla. Lokhu akulona Escher, ogama imidwebo zibhekelelwa ngokuphazima kweso.

isikhathi-Italian (1922-1935)

Omunye izincwadi zakhe ozithandayo kwaba Escher sika "ethi Alice in Wonderland". Ngesikhathi esifanayo eqhubeka nokufunda ikhono lamazwe xv ekhulwini asenyakatho yeYurophu. "Isandla nge sithombe sesibuko," lokhu kwaba Lithography 1935 unyaka imiphumela. It yaziwa nangokuthi self-portrait. Isandla ebamba ibhaluni eyindilinga, zaveza elivunyelwa kakhulu, + kangangokuthi bonke imigqa ebonakalayo zokuphila nasengqondweni, futhi zonke umbimbi eminweni yakhe. Ngaphakathi ibhola kuboniswa Escher studio aseRoma: ifenisha uhlanekezelwe ibhola, basonta kubo njengoba amafasitela nophahla. Izindonga wabheka ngokusebenzisa ezincwadi, izithombe ozimele. Omunye wabo okubonisa unodoli ka-Indonesian ngonodoli. Engraver yena ubuka umbukeli ngqo, ukugcina ingaphakathi sphere ukuze isithupha nabo isithupha ngaphandle. Ngokufanayo ukuboniswa futhi umunwe kancane.

Imfuneko ngalomsebenzi, Escher kwaba "Life Namanje nge nesibuko eyindilinga," ngo-1934. Kulesi womqophi ungeno ekubhaleni kwakhe ukuboniswa yena emsebenzini. Itholakala ngaphakathi ibhodlela round enezindonga sesibuko. Ihlala phezu iphephandaba, okuyinto, njengazo zonke izinto ezibekwe phezu incwadi evaliwe. Eduze imele inyoni lensimbi alingana nekhanda lomuntu. Futhi yena, futhi amaphephandaba kuthiwa ngokwengxenye kubonakala egabheni.

Kuleli phephandaba sitadisha zonke gradations umbala omnyama: ezijulile kungemuva elimnyama, abamnyama isicwebezelisi metal izinyoni, shades elimnyama grey ngaphakathi ebhodleleni. Portrait sikababa ngesibona-khulu esandleni egcwele ukunemba scrupulous, namaqiniso kakhulu futhi uthando fb. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka isiNtaliyane, Escher, ogama imidwebo asilandela eduze nemvelo, akukafiki ekutadisheni isikhala ezintathu-ntathu.

Mirror wesimethri izinto

On the master kakhulu kuthonywa ujwayele yamatshe Arab, lapho abona khona ngesikhathi Alhambra kanye Cordoba, kanye imithetho weJiyomethri. Konke lokhu usefunde Escher, ogama imidwebo eziphonsa singene ezweni wesimethri. Uthatha izicucu ihlanganisa kubo emifethekisweni. Omunye engokomfanekiso kakhulu - "Awezinyoka" (March 1943). On umbukeli ubona lithography etafuleni. It udonsela kanye nephethini KaMose ezihuquzelayo. Emaphethelweni kwesokudla sibalo sikhombisa indlela omunye wabo uqala ukuvuseleleka ukukhasa aphume ishidi ephepheni. It iyaqala nje ukufunda akasona isicaba, nezwe ngakuthathu. Abanye savuka futhi yazuza ivolumu yabo ngenkuthalo kukhasa kwethi, unxantathu, ukukhasa phezu dodecahedron, wasiqashisa umusi ophuma emakhaleni akhe, ukukhasa ephepheni futhi, ukuvala circle, ekubeni yamatshe flat futhi.

Lesi sithombe indida kanye ihlaya. yini ngandlela-subtext zefilosofi? Mhlawumbe. Phela, etafuleni kuveza izakhi ezine ezakha izwe. Lokhu izwe ebhodweni, umlilo ebiyelwe ibhokisi likamentshisi, Amanzi batheleka ingilazi, futhi emoyeni esiphefumulayo isibankwa. On the table liyincwadi kancane nge zamagama Latin, kuyadida. Ezinye wayithatha encwadini kaJobe. Eqinisweni sha kuphela usikilidi ephepheni. I kubakaki kumelwe kuthiwe Escher khona obhemayo inveterate.

Yiqiniso, umsebenzi omuhle "imini nobusuku" (1938). Lokhu into futhi usebenza kanjani kule ndaba wesimethri. Escher, ogama imidwebo yilo sasingakafiki isikhathi zithandwe, abanothando kakhulu geometry. Lokhu isitayela seshidi ekuqaleni yaphawula Ilobhothi zinyoni ezisele kusukela ukukhanya ebusuku sesibuko. Futhi kuphela ke baveze ukuthi izinhliziyo zabo "omubi", njengoba esithombeni: izinyoni Black fly on sky ezimhlophe kolunye uhlangothi. Futhi uma zibhekwa kolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala sengathi ebusuku obumnyama antante usuku emhlophe. Randomness uphendulela ukuhleleka kuka, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Njalo is webumbacambili okuqonda we oqoshiwe.

esibukweni landscape

Ngo-December 1955 kwaba umsebenzi uhlelo olusha yanyatheliswa. Ngaphambi ukuthi Escher namathafa zazinzima enengqondo, ezivamile futhi ajwayelekile. Kwakumelwe elikhanyayo kakhulu, njengokuthi "Snow", bamisa e-Alps. "Amathathu emhlabeni", kanye yonke into eyenza Esher, ukumangala. Lokhu echibi elikhulu noma kwechibi (bayathanda ukucabanga) ekwindla. Float phezu kwamanzi ne amaqabunga bawa of izihlahla. Ingaphezulu amanzi - lena yezwe yokuqala. Esesibili - ekujuleni kwechibi, lapho sibona khona inhlanzi enkulu. Akayena wedwa phandle lapho, njengoba kungase kubonakale. isihlahla umqhele, kubonakala emanzini, njengoba esibukweni, izimpande avele ongabonakali umbukeli izihlahla. Esikudingayo baziqambela, futhi kukhona yezwe yesithathu.

imihlaba nakuba

Futhi imidwebo nemifanekiso Escher abasezweni of indida. Ngamangala lapho befika izilaleli ngisho wesimethri liyamangalisa, futhi ungashiyi amathemba ngabandayo buka ku infinity edukisayo. Master ongalifezi imingcele ephakathi art, mathematics kanye nefilosofi. Bona ngokuvumelanayo ku komunye nomunye.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto emsebenzini MC Escher

Enye lithography, okuyinto ngo-December 1953 enyatheliswa MC Escher - "Ukuhlobana". Wenza e isitayela surrealism. Lowo mdwebo Emmangweni lapho kukhona imithetho evamile gravity. Zonke isakhiwo yezakhiwo etholakala maphakathi umphakathi enhle. It has amafasitela, eminyango okuholela superstructure epaki. Izakhamuzi eziningi kukhona okungahleliwe ngokuphelele isidingo sabo sezomnotho. Wonke la manani abagqoké izingubo ezifanayo. ikhanda labo azikubheki wafanisa ama. isakhiwo isakhiwo siqukethe izitebhisi eziyisikhombisa. Ngamunye wabo ingasetshenziswa ngabantu abangekho ngo imihlaba ehlukene okudonsa izinto. Esithombeni kukhona imithombo ezintathu zamandla adonsela phansi. Ukuyibeka kalula, zingabantu perpendicular nomunye. Phakathi kahle amandla adonsela phansi ngalinye imithetho evamile ngokomzimba.

Lokhu kudala imiphumela ezithakazelisayo. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo izitebhisi, izakhamuzi ezimbili okuqondene emithonjeni ehlukene adonsela phansi, uya kwelinye direction ohlangothini olulodwa esitebhisini, kodwa omunye wabo uya phansi, enye ukhuphuka. Ngakolunye izitebhisi ezimbili abantu ukusebenzisa indiza efanayo, kodwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Bathandana nalo babuye bathandane kwelinye direction, kodwa uze ezindaweni ezahlukene. Umdwebo futhi libonisa iziqiwu ezintathu ukuthi ngibe ngumfazi imithombo ehlukene okudonsa izinto. Zonke iminyango, ngaphandle koyedwa, kuholele zewayini ngezansi kwepaki. Lokhu kunezela nomphumela surreal yesithombe. Kuyinto amaphuzu abalulekile futhi kwezobuciko nesayensi umbono.

Umculi Maurits Escher

Esifundweni sezibalo kanye nefilosofi, ngekhono yokusebenzisa i ishizolo, udwebe, ngekhono ukudlala nombala omnyama ngayo yonke gradations yayo, waphefumulelwa master Dutch. yena, imbongi enhliziyweni isifuba ngokuvumelana, uwuchaze Pushkin Aljibhra. M. Escher lolungenamaphutsa kuhlanganiswe yobuciko nesayensi. Imithetho yesayensi, e imiphumela ethile optical, baye wafunda kakhulu kakhulu. ukukhohlisa kwakhe zidalwe emdlalweni eyinhloko ukukhanya nasethunzini. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho udala ivolumu ngamajamo weJiyomethri, njengokuthi "Cuba". Isikhala umdlalo ungeno Escher sika kubonakala "Impophoma". romantic kakhulu kathathu wesimethri ukujikeleza elinezinyoka, ukwakha mbuthano (1969). Ngokuvamile, maqondana imisebenzi MC Escher, kunalokho, kubalulekile ukuba bayisebenzise le nkulumo ethi "logic puzzle". Imagination nolwazi akalamukelanga, futhi zonke isithombe wayengakulungisa umuntu ibe ukuphela efile. Kodwa, ubuka imisebenzi yakhe, uthola logic yensimbi, ngokuvumelana nemithetho ngazo zakhiwa.