Abomvu ukwesaba

IRed Terror in Russia kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi izinyathelo ingajezisa, okuyinto esetshenziswa amaBolshevik ngesikhathi seMpi, Civil iminyaka 1917-23. Le modi isetshenziswa ngokumelene nalabo namaqembu omphakathi okuye wamemezela izitha ekilasini kanye ngokumelene nalabo asolwa ngokwenza izinto counterrevolutionary. IRed Terror laliyingxenye ebalulekile inqubomgomo isimo bezingelwa amaBolshevik zokucindezela. Ekusebenteni, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi iqoqo izinyathelo ingajezisa eyenziwa kanye nokusetshenziswa komthetho kanye nokuqaliswa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene ngaphandle kwenkululeko ngokusetshenziswa kwanoma yimuphi umthetho. IRed Terror kwaba isivikelo hhayi kuphela anti-kwamaBolshevik ukunyakaza, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi.

Namuhla, isakhiwo wezinyathelo has izincazelo ezimbili.

Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi Red Terror kuhlanganisa zonke izinqubomgomo yokucindezelwa futhi lynchings ngo-1917. Ngokombono wabo, lokhu iqoqo izinyathelo ngendlela baqhubeka October Revolution. Izazi-mlando aveze ukuthi White futhi Red Terror waqala ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Kulokhu, wesibili athuthukile ngaphambili kulokuqala. IRed Terror sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngokunengqondo ongenakuvinjelwa futhi kuye kwahlotshaniswa udlame kwamaBolshevik, iqondiswe hhayi kangaka ukumelana in khona, kodwa nakuyo yonke amakilasi social, okuyinto wavinjelwa. Lezi zihlanganisa, izicukuthwane okokuqala, babelwa futhi Cossacks, kulaks nabapristi, abaphathi bamahhovisi kanye abanikazi bamazwe.

Enye ingxenye mlando uyazicabangela KwamaBolshevik nzise ophoqelelwe sokugcina, impendulo kanye yokusabela ukuzivikela ngokumelene White Terror.

Abaholi LamaKhomanisi sisonke ngokukhethekile Lenin babemelene "umsungulo" ephendula izenzo esiphikisayo Abavukeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uVladimir Ilyich kakhulu esebakhuthazile "uhlamvu mass namandla yokwesaba" ngokuthi 'i isinyathelo uquqaba kuyinto kulungile. " Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwezinye izitatimende kukaLenin, kwakukhona isidingo sokugwema "imisho ngesihluku, ngokungenabulungisa unmotivated."

Ongqondongqondo Abaningi futhi izazi-mlando, ezifana Kautsky, wagxeka ukuziphatha uhulumeni omusha, imigomo nezinhlelo zalo izinyathelo zayo. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngaphambi inguquko amaBolshevik yayiphambana ukusetshenziswa we isigwebo sokufa. Ngemva ekuthatheni izintambo nguhulumeni, baqala ukusebenzisa ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu. Lenin, inselele lo mbono, nayo yathi ukuthi amaBolshevik kwakungafanele ngokumelene kuqalisa. Udaba, ngokusho kwakhe, kwaba kwesinye. Ekhomba yokuthi ayikho kukahulumeni wamavukelambuso akuyona ngaphandle kokuhlawuliswa, kufanele zithunyelwe kuphela nempikiswano isigaba engibukhulumile ngaso lesi sinyathelo luzokwenziwa.

Ngemva KwamaBolshevik ekuthatheni izintambo emadolobheni amakhulu wezwe usuqalile ukwethula yizinguquko kwezomnotho kaMarx. Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa zaba ekuthathweni kwempahla, lapho kwadingeka ebukhoneni izakhamizi, olusebenza womuntu ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa ngokushesha umbuso sezenhlalo.

Lenin babekholelwa ukuthi kunesidingo sokuba ngithathe izinyathelo ezinzima phezu izakhi ukuthi kukhona alien sabasebenzi. Zonke lezi zici, ngokombono wakhe, kufanele kabusha sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Usuku ezisemthethweni isimemezelo Red Terror kwaba 5th Septhemba 1918. Yena inqanyuliwe ngoNovemba 6 kwalowo nyaka.

Ingcindezelo ababulawa Izidumbu Cheka ukulwa esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso ukubonakaliswa, ubugebengu kanye IMIBONO kokuthunyelwe kanye "amaqabane loMkhandlu Party" (isiphakamiso esiyisipesheli).

imisebenzi Orientation izitho ingajezisa ukuthi zavela ngokunembile ezanele "Izvestia". Ngokusho Danishevsky (usihlalo lokuqala Revolutionary Military Council), izinkantolo lempi akufanele uholwe nhlobo imithetho umthetho, uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi ziyadalwa (izinkantolo) ezazingaphansi kwawo okukhulu ngxabano wamavukelambuso.