I last Russian Tsarina Alexandra Romanova

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova ... ubuntu wakhe emlandweni Russian kuyadida. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkosikazi enothando, umama ngakolunye - inkosazana, sebekubeke ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga umphakathi waseRussia. Kuningi puzzle kanye izimfihlakalo elihlobene ne Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy: ukuthonya wakhe nge nezimfihlakalo - ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ukholo olujulile - omunye. Abacwaningi baxhumanisa lokho umthwalo wakhe ngenxa ukufa kabuhlungu yendlu yasebukhosini. Yini udida esitolo Biography Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova? Iyini indima yayo isiphetho ezweni? Thina ukuphendula esihlokweni.

ebuntwaneni

Aleksandra Fedorovna Romanova wazalelwa June 7, 1872. Abazali ngekusasa Empress isiRashiya kwakuwulimi Grand UMbusi Hesse-Darmstadt Ludwig waseBrithani Princess Alice. Le ntombazane umzukulu zeNdlovukazi uVictoria, futhi lokhu ubuhlobo izodlala indima ebalulekile isimilo Alexandra.
Igama eliphelele ke - Victoria Aliks Elena uLouise Beatrice (behlonipha udadewabo kamama omdala). Ngaphandle Alix (okuthiwa intombazane bomdabu), emkhayeni Duke kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa.

Alexander (Romanov ekugcineni) athola imfundo English classical, ke wayekhuliswe ngezinkambiso eziqinile kwenkathi uVictoria. Isizotha lalikhona: ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukudla, izingubo zokugqoka. Ngisho izingane wawulala bunks lamasosha. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi intombazane kuyofikwa amahloni kukho konke ukuphila kwami yena uzosilwela nge tushevaniem zemvelo emphakathini engajwayelekile. Ekhaya, Alix angazanga: smart, smiling, yena nabo balujabulela igama lesibili - "ilanga."

Kodwa enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni hhayi Licwathile kunjalo, okokuqala ngenxa yengozi wabulala umfowabo ke idiphtheria afe udadewabo omncane Mae, futhi Princess Alice - Umama Alix. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi intombazanyana eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala ku-uqobo, baba nani.

intsha

Ngemva kokushonelwa unina, ngokuvumelana iningi Alexandra, kuso hung ngisefwini elimnyama, labasithibeza zonke ebuntwaneni libalele. It is wathumela eNgilandi lapho efundela ugogo wakhe - elibusayo eNdlovukazini uVictoria. Ngokwemvelo, ezinye izindaba uhulumeni babamba inkunzi zokugcina ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho emfundweni yezingane esiwaphathisiwe umphathi wesifazane. Kamuva, vele Empress Alexandra ngeke ukhohlwe izifundo ukuthi ithole ebusheni bakhe.

Margaret Jackson - kwaba igama uthisha nothisha wakhe - wawuqhela unenhlonipho eyedlulele nezindinganiso zokuziphatha uVictoria, wayefundisa intombazane ukucabanga, ngokuzindla ukwakha futhi baveze imibono yabo. imfundo Classical akazange anikeze ukuthuthukiswa oluphelele, kodwa ngo esizayo lweshumi nanhlanu Empress Alexandra Romanova ababeyizazi ngezombangazwe, umlando, umculo kudlalwa kahle, futhi wayazi izilimi eziningana zakwamanye amazwe.

Kwaba ebusheni bakhe, e engu-nambili, Alix beqala ukuhlangana umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo UNikolai. Kwathi umshado ngodadewabo Grand Duke uSergiyu. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngo-isimemo wale mithandazo, futhi iza eRussia. Nicholas intombazane esilalelayo.

Wedding UNikolai II

Abazali Nicholas kwakungafanele nomdlandla mayelana inyunyana intsha - oholela kangcono Ngokombono wabo, kwaba umshado wakhe nendodakazi Count French Louis-Philippe. Kubathandi uqale iminyaka emihlanu eside behlala ngokwehlukana, kodwa leli qiniso nakakhulu ndawonye futhi bafunde ukuba siqonde umuzwa.

Hhayi lokho Nicholas engafuni ukwamukela intando kayise, waqhubeka ukugcizelela somshado othandekayo wakhe. Umbusi zamanje Alexander III has ukunikeza indlela: azizwa esondela ukugula; indlalifa kufanele kube iphathi. Kodwa lapha Alix wathola emva igama wokugcotshwa Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, wayebhekene nenselele engathí sina:-ke kwadingeka ukuba ashiye orthodox yamaLuthela. Wafunda izisekelo iminyaka emibili, ngemva kwalokho-ke is kuguquka okholweni Russian. Mangithi Alexander wafika zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ngenhliziyo evulekile nemicabango okumsulwa.

lomshado Young senzeka ngoNovemba 27, 1894, yena futhi, eyenziwa ioann Kronshtadsky. Yenzeka ezulwini imfihlakalo Church of the Winter Palace. Konke okwenzekayo on isizinda yokulila, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3 ngemuva Alix ngokushesha uyafa eRussia, u-Alexander III (abaningi wathi ke ukuthi "kwavela lomngcwabo"). Alexander kuphawulwe incwadi kudadewabo sibone umahluko omkhulu phakathi nokudabuka nkulu ahlula - ke united umbhangqwana ngaphezulu. Konke, ngisho abanenzondo asebukhosini, waphawula amandla kamuva nenyunyana amandla Alexandra uNicholas II.

Isibusiso umbhangqwana osemusha ebhodini (wokugcotshwa) sasingo-May 27, 1896 at kweNyuka Cathedral of eMoscow. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Aliks- "ilanga" iye yazuza isihloko Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, iNdlovukazi Romanov. kamuva Waphawula encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi lomshado yesibili - neRussia.

Beka ophezulu enkantolo futhi ufake kuyi-ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kakhulu wokubusa iNdlovukazi Alexandra Feodorovna - a wesekela ngomyeni wakhe ezindabeni zakhe ngingakhululeki isimo.

Empilweni komphakathi, owesifazane osemusha ezama ukukhuthaza abantu abahluphekile, ngoba ugxile ebuntwaneni kubazali. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi inkantolo imibono yakhe kungukuthi kuthathwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, iNdlovukazi uyazondwa. Kuzo zonke iziphakamiso zayo ngisho ulingisa inkantolo wabona falsity futhi unnaturalness. Kodwa empeleni basuke nje ejwayele okuthuleyo futhi akafunanga ushintshe noma yini.

Yiqiniso, njenganoma iyiphi owesifazane, nomkakhe, u-Alexandra Romanov nethonya imisebenzi kahulumeni womshado.

osopolitiki abaningi ababevelele isikhathi saphawula ukuthi leli gama ibe nomthelela omubi UNicholas. Yileso buka, isibonelo, S. Witte. A Jikelele A. Mosolov kanye lephalamende Gurko inothi uzisole ukwehluleka umphakathi walo Russian. Lesi sakamuva usola Imvelo ezingezwakali futhi abanye uvalo Empress amanje nawesikhathi Umfelokazi ka-Aleksandru III, Mariyu Fedorovnu, kuze kube sekupheleni futhi akazange athathe indodakazi.

Noma kunjalo, izifundo imlalela, futhi hhayi ngoba esaba, kodwa ngenxa yenhlonipho. Yebo, yena yayiqine, kodwa nje kokuba, futhi mayelana uqobo. Alix akukaze ukhohlwe izicelo neziqondiso zakhe, ngamunye wabo waba kahle kubhekwe futhi kunokulinganisela yini. Abazithobayo eyayimthanda, labo ababesondelene iNdlovukazi, wayengakwazi lokho okuthi futhi siqu ngokujulile. Kukho konke iNdlovukazi ezahlala 'ihhashi elimnyama "futhi isihloko inhlebo.

Were Izibuyekezo efudumele kakhulu ngo-Alexander. Ngakho, ballerina M. Kshesinskaya (endleleni, waba inkosikazi Nicholas emshadweni wabo ne Alix) likhuluma ngaye owesifazane izimiso eziphakeme zokuziphatha futhi umphefumulo jikelele.

Izingane: Grand Duchesses

Okokuqala Grand Duchess Olga ozelwe 1895. Abantu nyanya iNdlovukazi khulu, ngoba wonke umuntu wayelindele umfana, ukuthi bazoba nendlalifa. Alexander, bengafumananga ukuthi bangabajezisa impendulo futhi ukusekela abazenzayo yezihloko delves ngokuphelele ku ngokuphila komkhaya, kudinga ngisho feeds indodakazi bebodwa, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amasevisi omunye ukuthi kwaba into evamile ngisho imindeni ezihloniphekayo, hhayi kakhulu iNdlovukazi.

Kamuva ozalwa Tatiana, Maria no-Anastasia. Nikolay Aleksandrovich no-Alexandra wazala abantwana malula futsi ubumsulwa umoya. Kwaba umkhaya ovamile, elingenalo iyiphi khukhumala.

Ezikhuliswa indlovukazi Aleksandra Romanova. Okuwukuphela zaba isihloko ngokugxila emincane. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa ezemidlalo imidlalo ongaphandle, ngobuqotho. Umama wayengafundile kahle ndoda engumnini intombazane angasebenza nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi nanoma isiphi isicelo. Babehlala umoya uthando futhi ukwethembela okuphelele. Kwaba ngokuphelele umkhaya ojabulayo ngobuqotho.

Girls kwanda umoya ngesizotha nangokuhluzeka abathakazelelwayo. Umama wedwa babayala ukuba bakhokhe ukuze azivikele nokubukisa ngokweqile bese sikhulisa ukuthobeka nobumsulwa. Basuke kakhulu kuyaqabukela iqhaza izenzakalo zenhlalo. ukungena umphakathi lwalulinganiselwe kuphela izimfuneko yokuziphatha enkantolo. Alexandra Feodorovna, unkosikazi Nicholas 2, wesaba ukuthi indodakazi ichithekile yezikhulu zibulale amantombazane.

With umsebenzi kamama Alexandra babhekana lolungenamaphutsa. Grand Duchesses wakhula okumsulwa ngokungavamile, yilezozintombi ngobuqotho. Wonke umkhaya waba ngukumkani umoya ubuhle Christian okungavamile. Kuyaqapheleka e Diaries yabo futhi uNicholas II, ngubani futhi Aleksandra Romanova. Quotes ngezansi, ukuqinisekisa imininingwane engenhla kuphela:

"Uthando lwethu futhi ukuphila kwethu - iyonke ... Ayikho into engenza iyasehlukanisa noma wehlise uthando lwethu" (Alexandra).

"A ezingavamile umkhaya ujabule uJehova usibusise" (Emperor uNicholas II).

Ukuzalwa uyindlalifa

Okuwukuphela kwento laphazamisa impilo abashadayo, - ukuntuleka ukuthi bazoba nendlalifa. Kulesi senzakalo, Aleksandra Romanova wayekhathazeke kakhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku, waba novalo. Ekuzameni ukuqonda imbangela futhi ukuxazulula le nkinga, iNdlovukazi iqala ukuba ahileleke nezimfihlakalo futhi nakakhulu hits inkolo. Lokhu kubonakala umyeni wakhe, uNicholas II, futhi ngale ndlela ngoba enomuzwa le nobuhlungu engqondweni yowesifazane ayemthanda.

Kwanqunywa ukuheha nakodokotela abaphambili. Ngeshwa, phakathi kwabo kuwa imbulu Okuyınqo, uPhilippe. Bevela eFrance, yena waba ngakho waphefumulela umcabango Empress yokukhulelwa, ukuthi ngempela kholwa babe yindlalifa. Alexandra Feodorovna wayenesifiso isifo ezingavamile kakhulu - a "ukukhulelwa zamanga". Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi isisu e indlovukazi Russian ikhula ngaphansi kwethonya isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo, kwadingeka ukuthi enze isimemezelo esemthethweni owalandela kuyoba. Philip ignominiously zixoshwa ezweni.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, Alix namanje ekhululeka, uzala 12 Agasti 1904 umfana - Tsesarevicha Alekseya. Kodwa angizange uthole injabulo eside elindelwe Aleksandra Romanova. Biography lithi ukuphila iNdlovukazi sika kusukela lapha kuqhubeke kuba nezinhlekelele ezihlasimulisayo. Iqiniso lokuthi umfana esetholé isifo ezingavamile - hemophilia. Kuyinto kuyisifo esiwufuzo, owenziwa ngumuntu wesifazane. Ingqikithi Its ukuthi igazi akusho ihlule. Umuntu ogcwele ngisezinhlungwini futhi nokuquleka. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lwezikhali hemophilia isakhi sofuzo kwaba koroleva Viktoriya, ugogo ngelika-Europe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lesi sifo lithole gama: "isifo uVictoria" futhi "isifo bobukhosi '. Ngo kahle kakhulu indlalifa ayikwazanga ukufinyelela esiphezulu iminyaka engu-30, ngokwesilinganiso, iziguli akuvamile yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa oneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16.

Rasputin emphilweni iNdlovukazi

Kwezinye imithombo ungathola ulwazi ezingakusiza Tsarevich Alexei umuntu oyedwa kuphela - UGrigory Rasputin. Nakuba sifo sibhekwa futhi ezingelapheki, kunobufakazi obuningana ukuthi "umuntu kaNkulunkulu" imikhuleko yakhe ayikwazanga ifuna ukumisa ukuhlupheka kwengane ngeshwa. Kungani lokhu - kanzima ukusho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isifo Crown Prince sika kuyimfihlo isimo. It lingahunyushwa baphetha, kuze kufike ithemba lokhu ongumlimi Tobolsk umndeni uncouth yasebukhosini.

On ubudlelwane Rasputin futhi iNdlovukazi ebhaliwe eziningi: ezinye ngemfanelo kuye kuphela indima ungumsindisi indlalifa, elinye - lithandana Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy. ezisunguliwe zakamuva besifanele - Empress ukuphinga umphakathi ke wayeqiniseka mayelana ukukhashelwa Queen uNicholas II futhi uGregory amahemuhemu. Phela, watshela le ndoda endala ngakho, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayesesangweni kuhle odakiwe, + ngakho konke ayengakwenza ukucabanga kalula nje. A inhlebo akudingeki kakhulu for ukuzalwa. Ngokusho abaseduze, Ungazondi mbhanqwana wasebukhosini, isizathu esiyinhloko Ubuhlobo obuseduze Rasputin futhi umndeni yasebukhosini yayigcinwa ithatha eyohlasela Alexei hemophilia.

Futhi indlela ukhathazekile Nikolay Aleksandrovich inzwabethi, ethuka ecacile igama lomkakhe? Wacabanga konke lokhu limane eqanjiwe nokugxambukela okungafanele ubumfihlo umndeni. Rasputin yena njengoba uMbusi ecabange "Umuntu ovamile isiRashiya, kakhulu amasonto abo futhi ethembekile."

Kuyaziwa kokunye: asebukhosini elalinayo Gregory uyavumelana kakhulu. Babephakathi kwabantu abambalwa ababelila ngobuqotho, ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe ixhegu.

Romanova phakathi nempi

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ophoqelelwe uNicholas II bamuke Petersburg kuze GHQ. Isimo futhi wathatha phezu ukunakekelwa Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova. It unaka ngokukhethekile ukuba iNdlovukazi zomusa. Impi ibonwa njengoba usizi kube: lusizi ngobuqotho, bebona amasosha ngaphambili, ngakhala izinyembezi, ngalila abafileyo. Walifunda naye umthandazo phezu ngamunye ithuna elisha kwesesosha bawa, njengoba lokhu uma engayifezi kahle isihlobo sakhe. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi isiqu esithi "oNgcwele" Aleksandra Romanova isivele wathola phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Lesi yisikhathi lapho Alix ngaphezulu enamathiselwe Lobu-Orthodox.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi amahlebezi baye poutihnut: izwe uhlushwa empini. Lutho neze, ziye zaba nobudlova ngisho nakakhulu. Isibonelo, wasolwa Ukuthandwa spiritualism. It kanjalo wawungeke ube yiqiniso, ngoba ngisho ke iNdlovukazi wayeyindoda bayithanda kakhulu inkolo, silahle zonke ezinye-zezwe.

Imithandazo ukusiza izwe wawunganikezwanga ngesikhathi sempi. Ndawonye namadodakazi akhe Alexandra Iyakwazi amakhono kwabahlengikazi: baqala ukusebenza esibhedlela, ekusizeni odokotela abahlinzayo (zasiza nemisebenzi), kwenziwe yonke inhlobo ukunakekelwa abalimele. Nsuku zonke, lapho kugamanxa ihora lesi ayisishiyagalolunye ekuseni Zaqala ukukhonza kanye nabanye umhlengikazi bahlanza nasemilenzeni Empress unqanyulwe izingubo ezingcolile, wabopha amanxeba, kuhlanganise gangrenous. Kwakuwusuku ongaziwa abamele yezikhulu ephakeme: babuthela iminikelo front, izibhedlela wavakashela, nezikhungo zezokwelapha ivulekile. Kodwa akekho kubo wasebenza egumbini lokuhlinza, njengoba kwenza iNdlovukazi. Futhi konke lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yena Wahlushwa nezinkinga zempilo yabo futhi bawashaya indiva imizwa sezinzwa futhi ukubeletha njalo.

zasebukhosini yaphendulwa izibhedlela, Alexandra mathupha kwakheka izitimela esibhedlela kanye emafektri imithi. Wenza isifungo sokuthi uma nje kukhona impi, futhi yena noma Grand Duchesses hhayi thunga ngokwami ingubo eyodwa. Futhi wahlala kuze kube sekupheleni uyaligcina izwi lakhe.

Isici ezingokomoya zabantu Aleksandry Romanovoy

Ingabe kwaba inkolo Alexandra Romanova? Izithombe ekumeni of iNdlovukazi, esekhona, bonisa amehlo edabukisayo lona wesifazane njalo, baba harbored abanye usizi. Ngisho ebusheni bakhe ke nokuzinikezela full kwathatha okholweni Orthodox, walahla yamaLuthela okuyinto wakhuliswa emaqinisweni kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Life uthuthumele ukwenza kube eduze noNkulunkulu, wayevame ezikhoselweni okuthandaza uma uzama okukhulelwa umfana ke - lapho ethola mayelana nokugula kubulawe indodana yakhe. Futhi phakathi nempi, yena liphindelela kokuthandazela amasosha, elimele futhi labo wafela ezweni. Nsuku zonke phambi nenkonzo yakhe esibhedlela Alexandra ezahlukweni isikhathi esithile ukuze imithandazo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, e Palace le Tsar sika ngisho Inekamela ekhethekile umthandazo.

Nokho, inkonzo yakhe kuNkulunkulu hhayi kuphela nokunxusa ngenkuthalo: Empress ezibalweni a ngempela emikhulu esiza abantulayo. Useke ihlelwe ekhaya lezingane, ukufukamela ekhaya, izibhedlela eziningi. Wathola isikhathi incekukazi yakhe udumo, walahlekelwa ikhono ukuhamba: bazokhuluma naye ngoNkulunkulu, eluleka futhi ukusekela nsuku zonke.

Alexandra wayengakaze embukisweni ukholo lwakhe obala, ikakhulukazi edabula izwe wavakashela amasonto nasezibhedlela babe we-incognito. Wayebona kalula uhlangane ngesixuku sazo amakholwa, ngoba izenzo zakhe bamangala zemvelo, kwaba ngokusuka enhliziyweni. Inkolo lapho u-Alexandra kube zomuntu siqu. Abaningi inkantolo wazama ukuthola indlovukazi amanothi ubuzenzisi, kepha bahluleka.

Ngakho-ke ingabe umyeni wakhe, uNicholas II. Bayamthanda uNkulunkulu ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakho, futhi Russia, akazange ukucabanga enye ukuphila ngaphandle yeRussia. Abazange ukuhlukanisa phakathi abantu abangafuni udwebe umugqa phakathi Noble nabantu abavamile. Cishe, ngakho-ke, umfana evamile Tobolsk, Grigoriy Rasputin, ngesikhathi sakhe "babanjwa" in the asebukhosini.

Yokubopha, ekudingisweni nokufel 'ukholo

Ekugcineni umsebenzi Alexandra, waba ukholo endlini Ipatiev lapho umndeni kombusi wadingiselwa emva 1917. Ngisho nalapho bebhekene esondela ekufeni, ngaphansi muzzles we labadubuli, usho uphawu lwesiphambano.

"EGolgotha Russian" wabikezela asebukhosini ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, bafika bahlala-ke impilo yami yonke, nazi ukuthi konke kuzophela kabi ngabo. Bahlonipha intando kaNkulunkulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela wanqoba amabutho ububi. Mbhanqwana wasebukhosini wangcwatshwa kuphela ngo-1998.