Explosion umkhawulo Igesi yemvelo. Izakhiwo igesi

Ngaphansi igesi yemvelo baqonde yonke le ngxube amagesi okuyinto akhiwa kule emathunjini omhlaba noqhekeko kamuva anaerobic izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ungomunye namaminerali ebaluleke kakhulu. Igesi yemvelo itholakala emathunjini planethi. Lezi kungaba umuntu noma amaqoqo gas cap emkhakheni kawoyela, kodwa kungenziwa amelwe ngesimo igesi hydrates, isimo crystalline.

izakhiwo enobungozi

Igesi yemvelo cishe bonke abakhileyo emazweni asethuthukile eyaziwa, ngisho esikoleni, izingane ukufunda imithetho ukusetshenziswa igesi ekhaya. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, igesi yemvelo ukuqhuma - akuyona into engajwayelekile. Kodwa sihluke kuleli, zikhona eziningana izinsongo kusuka kumadivayisi ezifana elula inikwa amandla yi-igesi yemvelo.

igesi yemvelo anobuthi. Nakuba ethane ne-methane hhayi ushevu injalo elicwengekileyo, nge uzibona saturation umuntu zazizobona ukufuthelana ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ngesikhathi sokulala.

Umkhawulo Iziqhumani igesi yemvelo

Ukuxhumana emoyeni, noma kunalokho ingxenye yayo - oksijini, igesi yemvelo ungakheka oluvuthayo ingxube ukucupha okungabangela ukuqhuma amandla amakhulu ngisho umthombo kancane umlilo, ezifana inhlansi noma ilangabi ukufana wiring, amakhandlela. Uma isisindo igesi yemvelo iphansana, kanti izinga lokushisa ukuthungela ngeke okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa wamnika amandla alufakwa incike ingcindezi ingxube umphumela ingcindezi ephakeme emoyeni-gas Ukwakheka, amandla ngaphezulu ke Kuqhuma.

Nokho, cishe wonke umuntu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe sibhekene kuqhume igesi, Kutsho iphunga layo isici, kodwa nokho alukho ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Iqiniso lokuthi igesi yemvelo kungenza qhumisa kuphela uma olinganise ethize yomoya-mpilo engasetshenziswa. Kukhona umkhawulo alufakwa aphansi kanye engenhla.

Uma kufinyelelwa LEL igesi yemvelo (methane 5%), isb a liningi ngokwanele ukuqalisa ukusabela amandla omlilo, ukuqhuma kungenzeka. Ukunciphisa lokuhlushwa Uyoqeda kungenzeka ukuthungela. Okweqile uphawu eliphakeme (15% i-methane) kubuye akwenzeki ukuqala ukusabela amandla omlilo, ngenxa ukuntuleka komoya, noma kunalokho - umoya-mpilo.

Explosive Umkhawulo igesi kwandisa ne okwandisa ingcindezi ingxube, futhi uma ingxube iqukethe amagesi inert, isibonelo i-nitrogen.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . Negesi ingcindezi iphayiphi kungenzeka ahluka 0.05 kgf / cm ² kuya ku-12 kgf / cm ^2.

Umehluko phakathi ukuqhuma futhi esivuthayo

Nakuba unganakile kubonakala ukuthi ukuqhuma futhi esivuthayo - izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukene, eqinisweni, lezi zinqubo zifana. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwawo - kuba ukushuba ukuphendula. Phakathi ukuqhuma egumbini noma iyiphi enye indawo ebiyelwe ukusabela kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Igagasi detonation Ukhuthaza ngesilinganiso izikhathi eziningana ephakeme kunaleyo ijubane umsindo: kusuka 900 kuya ku-3000 m / s.

Njengoba i-methane isetshenziswa wegesi yasekhaya - Igesi yemvelo, umoyampilo adingekayo ukuthungela, kubuye kube kuncike ojwayelekile.

amandla Maximum ibangelwa ukuqhuma, uma umoya-mpilo samanje kwakuthiwa ukwanele amandla omlilo ngokuphelele. Futhi kube nezimo samanje nezinye: emakamu igesi elihambisana umkhawulo ukuthungela (umkhawulo ephansi phezulu, kodwa ngezansi aphakeme) futhi umthombo umlilo likhona.

I jet gas ngaphandle oksijini ukungcola, isb kokweqa mkhawulo ukuthungela ngokufaka umoya uyozishisa ilangabi yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, ngaphambili omlilo Ukhuthaza ngesivinini 0,2-2,4 m / s ngesikhathi evamile umfutho womoya.

izakhiwo yamagesi

Detonation izakhiwo avele upharafini uchungechunge hydrocarbon kusukela methane ukuze hexane. ukwakheka kwama-molecule kanye isisindo yamangqamuzana kunquma octane inombolo: detonation izakhiwo iwe ne ngincipha isisindo yamangqamuzana kanye nekwenyusa linani octane.

I Ukwakheka Igesi yemvelo lihlanganisa okunye hydrocarbon. Esokuqala - methane (chemical ifomula CH _4). Izakhiwo igesi zimi kanje: kungekho nto enemibala emihle, alula kakhulu kunomoya emoyeni futhi ayinakho iphunga. Akuve oluvuthayo, kodwa namanje omuhle ephephile isitoreji, uma wenza ngokuvumelana nalokho ngokugcwele ukuphepha. Ethane (C ₂ H ₆₎ Futhi kungekho nto enemibala emihle futhi ayinaphunga, kodwa kancane ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho emoyeni. Kuyinto oluvuthayo, kodwa alisetshenziswa uphethiloli.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - igesi enobuthi Ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga, uyakwazi kuncibilike ngesikhathi ingcindezi ongaphakeme. Lesi sici ewusizo ikuvumela ukuba ukuthutha propane ngokuphepha hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi iyahlule ingxube nabanye hydrocarbon.

I-butane (C ₄ H _10): Nokho, izakhiwo ngokomzimba efana le igesi, ukuminyana yayo ephakeme, futhi isisindo butane kabili ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho emoyeni.

ajwayelekile

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ kubuye ingxenye zemvelo. Izakhiwo igesi bayasazi, mhlawumbe, konke akusho ukuhogela, kodwa izici ukunambitheka omuncu. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini uchungechunge amagesi nge ubuthi kancane kakhulu futhi uhlukile (ngaphandle-helium) igesi noncombustible sakhiwa zemvelo.

Helium (He) - igesi ukukhanya kakhulu, ngemva hydrogen yesibili Ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga. Kuyinto inert kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ongakwazi ukuxubana iyiphi ikhemikhali akusho iqhaza enqubeni amandla omlilo. Helium iphephile, akunabo ubuthi, ngesikhathi izingcindezi ephakeme, kanye nabanye amagesi inert ingena umuntu esimweni izinto zokubulala izinzwa.

Hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) - igesi ngaphandle umbala ne oyiphunga nobuntu amaqanda ebolile. I esindayo futhi enobuthi kakhulu, kungase kubangele olfactory nerve ukukhubazeka ngisho at lokuhlala aphansi. Ngaphandle komkhawulo kuqhume igesi yemvelo ubanzi kakhulu, kusukela 4.5% saya ku-45%.

amagesi Okufanayo

Kukhona hydrocarbon ezimbili on isicelo eduze igesi yemvelo, kodwa amalungu ayo akufakiwe. Ethylene (C ₂ H ₄₎ - ezifanayo izakhiwo ukuze ethane onengubo iphunga elimnandi kanye okuyinto igesi kungenambala. It ethane ke izici kwabantu ezincane futhi flammability.

Acetylene (C ₂ H ₂₎ - kungenambala igesi alufakwa. He is Kuqhuma oluvuthayo kakhulu, uma kwakukhona ukusikwa namandla. Ngenxa yalokhu acetylene kuyingozi ukusebenzisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, iyefana esetshenziselwa Welding.

Ukusetshenziswa hydrocarbon

Njengoba ukukhwezelwa yasekhaya igesi zikagesi ezisetshenziswa i-methane.

Propane kanye butane ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo yokubasela izimoto (isib hybrid) ne-propane kuncibilike likhokhelwa ne-lighter.

Kodwa ethane kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli, ngenhloso yalo eyinhloko embonini - ukulungiswa ethylene, okuyinto kuveza emhlabeni izinto eziningi ezinkulu, eqinisweni kuba impahla eluhlaza for polyethylene.

Acetylene isetshenziselwa izidingo embonini, kungaba sifinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwabashiselayo futhi ukusika izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Njengoba kuyintando oluvuthayo kakhulu, kungaba ngeke sisetshenziswe njengesigungu kubaswa ngazo umlilo, futhi isitoreji gas kunesidingo bawuhloniphe nemibandela.

Nakuba i-hydrogen sulfide ne ezinobuthi eziningi ezincane kakhulu isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu okuthiwa hydrogen sulfide zokugeza, ogama operation isekelwe izakhiwo isinqandakuvunda hydrogen sulphide.

The main ewusizo impahla helium - ukuminyana yayo ongaphakeme. Lokhu igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali esebenziswe lapho esindizayo Balloons kanye nezindiza, flying ukuba ugcwalise Balloons, undab 'uzekwayo kubantwana. Ukuvuvukala igesi yemvelo akukwazi: Akafuni ovuthayo, ngakho unga ngaphandle kokwesaba ukushisa ke phezu umlilo evulekile. Hydrogen coterminous ne-helium ethebuleni gqwa, kalula, kodwa kuyinto oluvuthayo. Helium iyona elinegesi ngaphandle ukudla okuqinile ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.

Imigomo ukusetshenziswa igesi ekhaya

Umuntu ngamunye osebenzisa igesi Imishini, ubophekile ukuba bayoqeqeshwa ukuphepha. Umthetho wokuqala - ukuqapha ukuseviswa amadivayisi, ngezikhathi hlola okusalungiswa kushimula futhi, uma kuhlinzekelwe umdlalo imikhiqizo amandla omlilo e lisebenze. Ngemva kokuvala ezisebenzisa igesi valve okudingeka zivalwe futhi ivale valve ku ethangini, uma kukhona enjalo. kungazelelwe Uma kuphazamisekile igesi ukunikezela ushayele umphakeli igesi kumele ngokushesha uma inkinga.

Uma endlini noma kwelinye igumbi isimdubula, kumelwe ngokushesha ayeke yiluphi uhlobo lokusebenzisa amadivayisi akuhlanganisi zikagesi, ukuvula iwindi noma iwindi ngoba umoya omncane, abese akahambe futhi ushayele abezimo eziphuthumayo (ngocingo 04).

Imigomo ukusetshenziswa igesi ekhaya kubalulekile kute ukhone kubuka, ngoba ukungasebenzi kancane kungaholela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.