UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti weseli organelles

Phakathi ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo amaselula, inqubo eyodwa kuphela uyakwazi enzymatic cleavage ejenti. It uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula. Sakhiwo umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi indawo yayo ezinhlobeni ezihlukene izicubu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Igama elithi "lysis" lihunyushwa lisuselwa izindlela YesiGreki "nokonakala". Futhi ngobuciko ngokuphelele ithumba okushiwo organelles uya khona cell. Lysosomes kukhona vesicles ezincane, ngokuvamile ezimise spherically. ubukhulu wabo ngokulambisa osayizi ka 100-180 NM. Ngaphandle, zizungezwe ulwelwesi. Ngaphakathi zihlanganisa enzyme hydrolytic, akha isimo asidi. Lezi izinto zemvelo ziyingxenye yelikhono begazi. Bona kusheshiswe chemical ukusabela, kodwa akuzona ingxenye imikhiqizo yabo. Ithathwe ndawonye, uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula - isakhiwo inethiwekhi kanye nemisebenzi zazo subordinated ukuze umsebenzi main - wokuqhekeka amangqamuzana akwazi ukuncipha abe compounds.

lysosomes Indawo

Ukutholakala iseli uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula kungokwalabo wemithi Belgian futhi isazi sezinto eziphilayo, uChristian de Dyuvu. Futhi lesi senzakalo sihlehlela emuva 1955. Ngemva usosayensi wafunda ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes amaseli. Ngokusho la idatha, enzyme organelles kumaseli ahlelwe bonke eziphilayo eukaryotic, izitshalo, izilwane kanye nesikhunta. Kodwa ngo-bacterium prokaryotic bengekho, ngakho ngeke bakwazi phagocytosis futhi ukugaya intracellular izidakamizwa.

Abameleli imibuso ehlukahlukene bemvelo inani izakhiwo idatha iyahluka kakhulu. Ngo isitshalo eziphilayo nesikhunta kusebenzeka futhi lysosomes anatomically kukhona vacuoles, ngakho ngokuvamile basuke elisebunyeni. Kodwa amaseli isilwane, inombolo yabo bangase bafinyelele amadijithi latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Kunoma yikuphi, imali yabo ingeqi amaphesenti ayisihlanu ingqikithi. By the way, nje wasungula lokuthi kule ezicutshini zomzimba wezilwane ezincelisayo lysosomes bengekho kuphela abomvu egazi ashaye - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Mshini we lysosomes

UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi okuyinto livumela ukugaya intracellular, uyakwazi lokhu ngezindlela eziningana, kuye ngokuthi hlobo yayo. Ezinye zazo uhlangane ne phage futhi pinocytosis vesicles futhi ndawonye zakha vacuole wokugaya ukudla. Umsebenzi wawo ethize. Kuyinto ukuqaliswa ukugayeka intracellular izidakamizwa, okusho iseli umsoco.

Olunye uhlobo lysosomes ukhonza ukuqeda amangqamuzana afile organelles, Amangqamuzana elingalodwa, noma ngisho nezicubu izinsalela. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi organelles ukubhubhisa emizimbeni izigaba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu kwezilwane, ezifana gills kanye imisila tadpoles izilwane zasemhlabeni. Olunye uhlobo lysosomes esaya kobuso ulwelwesi, enifeza ukususwa enzyme siqu futhi ukugaya extracellular.

Meaning of ukusabela enzymatic

Yiziphi isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes, siye kakade asebenzelana ngayo. Kodwa kanjani ezibalulekile izinqubo eyenziwa yilezi organelles kwamangqamuzana futhi eziphilayo sisonke? Kwakheka kwi Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana apharathasi Golgi futhi le reticulum endoplasmic, bona akhiwa Bubbles yabo eyinhloko. Futhi okokuqala, uketshezi eziqukethwe kubo abapholile.

Ngu wehlise asidi imvelo, isimo sishintshe. Enzyme bakhuthale bese uqale ngenkuthalo afeze imisebenzi yabo. Ayayona Amagciwane kanye izinhlayiya, futhi izakhiwo ezingadingekile ukuthi kakade wagcwalisa ayekuthunyiwe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, iseli nje waphendukela isitoreji kudoti. Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba udinga iseli self-ukugaya, okuyinto nakanjani kuyoholela ekufeni yayo. Nokho, le nqubo kuyafaneleka ngempela ngisho kudingekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufa ngunoshobishobi umsila amaseli at the stage of ukuguqulwa yayo ibe frog. Ngakho izinto ezakhiwe phakathi kwenqubo ingasetshenziswa ezinye amaseli. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi eyenziwa lysosomes, ezidingekile ukusebenza evamile amangqamuzana ngamanye futhi wonke umzimba.

UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi esesiye sacabangela esihlokweni sethu kuyinto odnomembrannoy organelle amaseli eziphilayo prokaryotic. Ziyakwazi vesicles oyindilinga equkethe enzyme uyakwazi sakhathala salokhu sinamathele eziyinkimbinkimbi chemical compounds.