Minerals Sakhalin: uwoyela, igesi kanye izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi ezingavamile. Sakhalin impumuzo

Kude empumalanga, ayizinkulungwane 7 amakhilomitha kusuka eMoscow, iyisiqhingi esikhulu Sakhalin. Yini esiyaziyo ngaye? Ngemva kokufunda i-athikili yethu, uyofunda izinto eziningi ezintsha nezithakazelisayo ngemvelo, impumuzo nokumbiwa nomnotho Sakhalin.

Hlangana Sakhalin!

I-Japanese ukuyibiza Karafuto. Kithi ngaphansi kwegama Sakhalin yaziwa. Uphi esiqhingini? Futhi ziyini Ubukhulu bayo?

Sakhalin Island itholakala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Asia. Kuyinto isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke WaseRussia. Kuyinto ingxenye Sakhalin esifundeni, okuyinto sihlanganisa uchungechunge iziqhingi ezigqagqene Kurile.

Sakhalin ubizwa wageza ngu ezilwandle ezimbili - Japan futhi Okhotsk. Kusukela ezwekazini Russian it is ahlukaniswe lwesiTatar Strait futhi esiqhingini Japanese of Hokkaido - La Perouse Strait. Sakhalin welulela at 950 km ohlangothini meridional. Ububanzi esiphezulu endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi - 160 km.

umsuka lengubo igama lalesi siqhingi. Leli gama isiManchu ngaphambilini waqoka River Amur, "Sahalyan-ull", okusho ukuthi "umfula yamadwala omnyama." Ngenxa Abaklami bamabalazwe iphutha leli gama yaqokwa esiqhingini Sakhalin. Iphutha awuzange ukulungiswa, futhi sahlala phansi. Ngo-editions okwalandela wamamephu Russian igama elithi "Sakhalin" isivele isetshenzisiwe njengoba isihloko isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke.

Ngakho, sike esiphethweni lapho Sakhalin futhi kungani ibizwa kanjalo ngokuthi. Manje ucwaningo enemininingwane wokukhululeka yayo.

izici Jikelele sendawo yalesi siqhingi

Sakhalin impumuzo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Linikezwa nezintaba, futhi izintaba namathafa inamagquma futhi emathafeni asogwini ongaphakeme. Central (yasakazwa) ingxenye yesiqhingi inomngcele entshonalanga nasempumalanga, ngokulandelana, we West Sakhalin futhi East Sakhalin Mountains. Lezi izintaba kukhona medium ukuphakama.

Iphuzu esiphezulu we Sakhalin - Mount Lopatin. On yayo ihlathi Boreal emithambekeni ukwanda, futhi phezulu imbozwe amasimu cowberry namatshe. ukuphakama entabeni - amamitha 1609 kuphela.

Ugu yalesi siqhingi ibizwa Kuhlehliswe kancane. Nazi ezine kule nhlonhlo nasemaceleni amatheku ezimbili ezinkulu - Aniva nokubekezela.

Relief Sakhalin: izici lesifunda

NgokoMthetho we-geomorphology zensimu esiqhingini ihlukaniswe ngezigodi eziningana. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu endaweni yayo Imininingwane ihlanganisa North Sakhalin plain. Kuyinto kule ndawo enkulukazi e-enyakatho yesiqhingi nge evuthiwe emfuleni inethiwekhi kanye ngabanye iphakama ongaphakeme (kufika ku 600 metres). Ukuze ezindaweni ezisogwini emathafeni zinezikhathi Amabha isihlabathi, izindunduma, futhi ichibi mikhulu zasolwandle. By endleleni, lapha (kanye eshalofini yoLwandle Okhotsk) kukhona imali elikhulu uwoyela - amaminerali eyinhloko Sakhalin.

Enyakatho impela siqhingi is zihlukaniswa sezwe yayo sezintaba Schmidt Peninsula. Ugu abasakwazi emaweni, ezinamadwala emaweni.

Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi naseningizimu ye siqhingi ubuswa ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Kanye west coast elula we West Sakhalin Izintaba, ugudle empumalanga - East Sakhalin (okuyinto lapha eNtabeni Lopatin). Phakathi kwalezi izinhlelo ezimbili ntaba inamagquma futhi ngezinye izikhathi izimbuku tym-Poranayskaya elisezansi. It ihlanganiswa ne nesiphuku obukhulu yamadwala sedimentary - sandstone futhi amatshe.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye siqhingi imele Susunai Ridge, okuyinto welula cishe 60 amakhilomitha. Ngezinye unyawo lwayo kunedolobha ka Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - sokuqondisa se-Sakhalin esifundeni. Iphuzu esiphezulu ugema entabeni Susunai Pushkinskaya (1047 m.) Ingabe target ethandwa izivakashi, peshehodnikov.

Amaminerali eyinhloko Sakhalin

Imvelo ocebile zale ndawo? Izinsiza main engokwemvelo Sakhalin kuthiwa wenziwa ihlathi, amanzi kanye, yebo, amaminerali kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa. I kwabantu of inethiwekhi emfuleni lesi siqhingi ephakeme kakhulu kwesilinganiso-Russia. Edge unothile kakhulu ehlathini (ehlathini ikhava Inkomba - angaphezu kuka-60%). On the enyakatho Sakhalin sikhule amahlathi larch, eningizimu - enezicabha (Maple, oki-Mongolian, umlotha Manchurian nezinye izihlahla).

Eziyishumi izinsiza ezinkulu samaminerali Sakhalin simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• lamafutha;
• igesi yemvelo;
• ore-chrome;
• germanium;
• mercury;
• igolide;
• amalahle;
• Peat;
• talc;
• zeolites.

Izibaseli Sakhalin uwoyela, igesi, Peat

Sakhalin - omunye ezindaweni endala uwoyela negesi esikhiqiza waseRussia. "Igolide Black 'esiqhingini Kuye kwatholakala ngu izazi zokuma komhlaba ngo-1880. Kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela uwoyela negesi zendawo ziye kakhulu mpilo, kodwa in the 1980 a Amasimu ezinkulu entsha Kwatholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani izinqolobane Okhotsk eshalofini ochwepheshe esikalini ecishe ibe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4 amathani uwoyela.

Amasimu ngobukhulu amafutha Sakhalin etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yalesi siqhingi (Ehabinskoe, Paromayskoe, Katangliyskoe nabanye). Sakhalin ngesilinganiso "black igolide" sokukhiqiza ukwandisa kuphela njalo ngonyaka. Ngakho, ngo-2019 sihlelwe ukwandisa umkhiqizo kawoyela kulesi siqhingi 3.6% kanye negesi yemvelo - ngama-20%.

ESakhalin, kubuye kube ocebile ngethusi, okuyinto libhekene high ongaphakeme sulphur. It is lisetshenziswe yokusansimbi, ukukhiqizwa igesi, kanye nophethiloli lwemikhumbi. It ikhiqizwa kulesi siqhingi Peat. Imali lensiza amaminerali basakaza ngaphakathi North Sakhalin emathafeni plain no tym-Poranayskoy.

Sakhalin non-ayoni, ezingavamile namatshe ayigugu

Esikhathini yembathani siqhingi amanga izinqolobane elikhulu imikhando ahlukahlukene metallic. Phakathi kwabo - igolide, germanium, mercury chromium, insimbi, manganese, tungsten zinc, i-strontium rhenium nabanye. Phakathi isithakazelo izinsimbi ezingavamile Sakhalin enkulu kwezomnotho eJalimane, futhi kusukela inani izinsimbi non-ayoni - igolide.

Esiqhingini zikhona izimali ezifakwa kokubili insimbi placer igolide. esidlule wabusa. Amashumi Placer igolide ngokufanele ngaphakathi East Sakhalin Mountains. izinqolobane zabo isiyonke balinganisela izazi zokuma komhlaba ngesikhathi amathani 59.

On Tonino-Anivskom Peninsula athuthukile izingqimba Novikovskaya ensimini Gen-ecebile zamalahle mudstone. Jikelele germanium izinqolobane kule ndawo kulinganiselwa ngaso 640 wamathani.

Muva nje, ekhulwini le enyakatho-Sakhalin (ku Peninsula Schmidt) sezihlonziwe ezifakwa chromite. izinqolobane Jikelele nkomoni kulaba imikhando eyigugu abangu kulinganiselwa ngaso amathani ayizigidi ezinhlanu.