History of the ukutholakala, ucwaningo kanye ukuma kwezwe eNyakatho neMelika

In the hlelo esikoleni amahora ambalwa ukuhlola izwekazi i-Nyakatfo Melika ubeke eceleni. Isikhundla womhlaba, umlando ukutholakala, isimo sezulu, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kufundvwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ukuze kube lula ukulungiswa abafundi, sanquma eyolanda ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala amelwe lesi sihloko.

Kafushane mayelana main

Ngakho ake ngiqale. Kuyini i-Nyakatfo Melika? Lokhu sendawo ukuthi izungezwe izilwandle ezintathu. Konke insimu yalo ungaphakathi Nenkabazwe. Kuyinto lokhu indawo eNyakatho Melika is ngqo kuthonywa igama kuleli zwekazi.

Oceans ukugeza ezwekazini

Njengoba yaziwa, umphumela imizimba amanzi ezizungezile nezwekazi, ngokwanele ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ulwandle sinomthelela eNyakatho neMelika. Ngakho, ngasogwini olusempumalanga kuyinto Atlantic. Wachaza ehlukanisa ezwekazini i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Ogwini olusempumalanga ye kukhona amatheku ezimbili ezinkulu.

On the enyakatho nezwekazi inomngcele by e-Arctic Ocean. Incazelo yokugcina nabo babeba ngezinto ezifana geography (Ibanga 7). I-Nyakatfo Melika, isikhundla ezindawo thina iyohlola ngokuningiliziwe isihloko phezu enyakatho ekude has inqwaba iziqhingi nasemathekwini. Greenland iphathelene ezwekazini. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo siqhingi zazinzima kakhulu. It iseningizimu enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi, kuba ngaphansi kwethonya imisinga nomoya uquqaba-Arctic Ocean. Esiqhingini kukhona zezulu ezimbili kuphela esishintshashintshayo:-Arctic kanye Arctic. On engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye eNyakatho Melika, ubizwa wageza ngu ePacific Ocean. Esikhathini ntshonalanga zaleli zwekazi wabelane nge-Eurasia yayigcwele iBering Strait.

Incazelo indawo eNyakatho neMelika

Kuchazwe ezwekazini itholakala North futhi zonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Leli zwekazi ihlanganisa indawo kusukela yenkabazwe ukuze Isthmus of Panama Arctic Ocean eCape Murchison. Lesi sakamuva ngokwedlulele iphuzu enyakatho. Ibanga phezu okuyinto izwekazi welulela kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho, ingaphezu 7000 km. Ngesikhathi phuzu oseningizimu Cape Maryata.

Isikhundla ezindawo eNyakatho neMelika elinesimo obuphelele hhayi kuphela yenkabazwe kuze kube seqophelweni enyakatho-iningi, kodwa usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Le libanga ingamakhilomitha angu engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine. amaphuzu Extreme: capes St Charles (East) kanye iPrince of Wales (West).

Ngu umhlaba endaweni umbono walesi siqhingi ezwekazini lesithathu ngobukhulu. I-Nyakatfo Melika kuyinto yesibili kuphela amazwekazi amabili - i-Eurasia yayigcwele nase-Afrika.

Izici sezulu

Ngenxa ibanga elikhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ezwekazini abakhona zokuzamazama cishe zonke zezulu. Ayikho enkabazwe kuphela. sezulu izwekazi umnene ngisho nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho ingxenye, njengoba zonke kanye ogwini olusempumalanga eNyakatho neMelika ubizwa wageza yi efudumele Gulf Stream. Ukugeleza komoya efudumele lisuka e-Atlantic zibhebhetheka kulo lonke leli zwekazi. Futhi, ukugeleza enkulu emoyeni uquqaba efudumele ezakhiwe eGulf of Mexico. Yingakho indawo eNyakatho neMelika kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kwi isimo sezulu sendawo.

Winter ezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi aseningizimu esithambile. Ngo lokushisa enyakatho lingase lehle ku -36 ° C. Summer futhi abandayo, ukuze +6 ° C. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa enjalo ebonwe Greenland kanye naseziqhingini ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo Canadian. Eningizimu efudumele ebusika izwekazi. Amazinga ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka awehleli ngezansi 0 ° C. Summers ziyashisa futhi zinomswakama isikhathi. Kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga isimo sezulu iyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ogwini olusempumalanga ye-amahlathi amaningi, entshonalanga ugxile ehlane. Inani imvula empumalanga inkulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kunemali entshonalanga.

Biota

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo i-Nyakatfo Melika futhi isimo saso sezulu uya ekubumbeni flora sendawo ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi nezwekazi Itholakala zone athokomele. Kule ndaba, inani elikhulu flora emelelwa oluqinile futhi softwood. Enyakatho kukhona abukhali ushintsho lezihlahla ihlathi ehlane Arctic. Greenland kanye Canadian Arctic Archipelago angaphansi glaciation.

Identity kunqunywa izwekazi yayo nezilwane ocebile. Lapha ungathola lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala hhayi kuphela endaweni wendawo, kodwa futhi i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Futhi babe abameleli ezihlala kuphela eNyakatho Melika. Uhlobo lokuqala ubonisa ukuthi ngaphambili, i-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika bamunye, okungukuthi, ayeyingxenye izwekazi olulodwa. Eyesibili ebonisa ukuthi ukwehlukana amazwekazi kade kwenzeka, futhi ukuvela ukuthuthukisa isiqondiso khulula.

Budebuduze Ningizimu Melika

Esiseduzane Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika kuyinto eNingizimu Melika. Isigaba sidlula Isthmus of Panama. Kuze ukwakhiwa imikhumbi canal ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe emhlabeni i-Ningizimu Melika azungezwe ukusuka Atlantic baya ePacific. Nge nokuthuma ukusebenza kwesiteshi, le nkinga yaxazululeka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokuhamba esikoleni yokutadisha indawo eNyakatho neMelika (grade 7), kodwa eNingizimu hhayi kuphela. Kafushane, la amazwekazi amabili ehlukanisa yenkabazwe. Ngokwemvelo, lelo lungiselelo eNingizimu Melika kuthinta isimo sezulu, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Umlando ekuhloleni nezwekazi

Umlando ekuhloleni ezwekazini ngempela ezithakazelisayo. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Irekhodi lokuqala kuhlehlela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka XX-XI. Eminyakeni 981-983. Norman eqoqwe bomkhankaso, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukutadisha Greenland yayiqhutshelwa Labrador futhi Newfoundland. Nokho, lolu lwazi ayibanga ezaziwayo Izwe Elidala.

Okufakwe ezilandelayo iSifundo eNyakatho Melika kuza ngemuva kweminyaka engamakhulu amane. Emakhulwini eminyaka xv-XVIII. Ngokusho ezwekazini nesithakazelo kule isiFulentshi, iSpanishi futhi nesiNgisi. Ukutholakala kwe-Mississippi Delta kwenzeka ngo 1528 ngenxa bomkhankaso Spanish. Kamuva, e-40s, wafunda maphakathi nezwe. Abacwaningi bakwazi ukunqamula Colorado Plateau, emaThafeni Omkhulu , futhi ingxenye encane eziNtabeni ZaseRocky. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, olunye uhambo wahlola eningizimu Izintaba Appalachian. Yavula emfuleni Alabama naseTennessee.

Esigabeni esilandelayo kwesifundo eNyakatho neMelika kusengathiwa ngenkathi XVIII-XIX eminyaka. Eminyakeni 30 XVIII leminyaka Russian ihlelwe mikhankaso eminingi ukuhlola izwekazi kusuka Alaska. French nesiNgisi zihilelekile ekutadisheni ndawo.

Ngo XIX-XX eminyaka, British baqhubeka ukuhlola izwekazi. Umsebenti wabo main kwaba ukuthola Northwest uMzila. Kodwa lo mkhankaso, eye ukutadisha lwase-Arctic phakathi e-1845 bebungekho. Sifuna yakhe iminyaka eyishumi. Izinsalela ezitholakele esiqhingini eKing William. Leyo mikhankaso, lapho projectile beyofuna Franklin nethimba lakhe benza umnikelo omkhulu ekutadisheni nezwekazi, ezifana eNyakatho neMelika.

Geography nomlando ucwaningo kulelivekati namanje ukuheha izazi emhlabeni wonke.