Ukufakelwa Face: umlando lisebenze ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ubuso ukufakelwa eRussia

Ngo-1997 ezikrinini kwakubikwa Thriller okuthakazelisayo Starring John Travolta futhi Nicolas Cage sika "Face." I protagonist we ifilimu uya on an adventure Amazing nokwenza ukufakelwa ebusweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, indaba efanayo lachazwa kumnandi. Namuhla ubuso ukufakelwa kuyaqabukela elihlobene ne umlando le Thriller ezidumile ayisekho ibonakala inganekwane, ngemuva yonke emhlabeni bebelokhu kweshumi eziningana imisebenzi enjalo ethulwa izimilo iziguli Ngethemba impilo entsha futhi ubuso.

indaba

Ukusebenza lokuqala sokubuyiselwa Ingaphandle owenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo uHarold Gillies e ezikude 1917. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba ekusungulweni yakhe bokuhlinzwa kokulungisa, ichaze ohlangothini olusha kwezokwelapha.

omunye imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo ngezinga elikhulu emlandweni - Ngo-2005, ubuso ukufakelwa wokuqala okwenziwe eFrance. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube eqoshiwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 Ukufakelwa umphumela omuhle. Akwaziwa futhi simo esiyinhlekelele. Ngokwesibonelo, isiShayina Li Guoxing, ukuhlinzwa wakhuthazelela kahle, zeqe esibhedlela, washona ngenkathi kuzanywa dolechitsya ekhaya.

Eyokuqala yimpumelelo ubuso ukufakelwa eRussia ngo-May 2015. Ivula amathuba amasha isibe yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlinzwa yesimanje futhi iziguli eziningi samnikeza ithemba for ukululama kungenzeka. Lapho ubuso ukufakelwa lokuqala eRussia, izithombe nesineke futhi odokotela owaba nengxenye operation eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke.

iziguli

Ubuso ukufakelwa - operation esindayo futhi ezingavamile kakhulu. Umlando ngayinye ezigulini walithola ithuba ilulame emanxebeni engelapheki, wathatha ukuchayeka yomphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, kwaba umbuzo imizwa yobuhle abantu abagogekile kwezinye ukuphila kwaba sengozini. izisulu abaningi baye balahlekelwa ithuba lokuzwa bebodwa ukudla, bheka ngisho ukuphefumula ngenxa izilonda ezimbi ebusweni.

Esimweni ngasinye, isinqumo mayelana nokusebenza kuthathwe ngisebenza njengodokotela ohlinzayo plastic kanye ubekezele, njengoba inqubo kuhilela ingozi engathi sína ukuba impilo kanye nokuphila nesineke. Ubuso ukufakelwa kwenziwa kulabo wahlupheka ngenxa ngomlilo, waba yisisulu kuba khona okuhlaselayo, ukukhokhela sakhe futhi amaphutha abanye '.

eyinkimbinkimbi kuhlinzwa

Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, odokotela ibhekene nobunzima obuningi. Ukuze sifinyelele nomphumela ongcono yezimonyo odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba isebenze lephelele isikhumba milisa, okuyinto engazange isetshenziswe kahle. Ukubuyiselwa is phansi hhayi kuphela epithelium, kodwa nemisipha, uqwanga, ithambo izicubu.

Ngokuvamile, eziningi izitho kuthinteka kanjalo kabana ukuthi kudingeka ukushintshwa. Ukufakelwa umuntu kudinga donor izicubu lapho isikhathi eside wafunda ukuze ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele kungenzeka. Ukulungiselela ukusebenza kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, lapho engena ukukhethwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngabanye kwezicubu isiguli, ekuhloleni kwakhe kanye nokulungisa donor izitho. Yonke inqubo, kuhlanganise nenkathi nokuvuselelwa, kubiza ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana.

Ukusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhlanganisa izigaba eziningana, ngayinye edinga ukusebenza ehlelekile phakathi ochwepheshe, okuhlushwa ukunakwa. Ukufakelwa iqhubeka amahora angaphezu kuka-10, futhi ukuba umuntu alulame ngokugcwele ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana.

isikhathi nokuvuselelwa

Iningi imisebenzi emikhulu bavame ukubanga yezinkinga esikhathini postoperative. ukuhlinzwa ubuso ukufakelwa iyathinteka. Ubunzima ezihlobene lithathelwe kwezicubu angaphandle kanye ukuhluma kulezi imithambo yegazi. Ubuchwepheshe bamuva futhi kwenziwe ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze usize unciphise ingozi izinkinga.

Yokutakula kusuka ukufakelwa uyaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Kuyo yonke impilo iziguli bephoqeleka ukuba adle izidakamizwa ukuthi ungavumeli izicubu ukwenqatshwa. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa umsebenzi ngokwengqondo nomuntu iwukuba ngokuvumelanayo ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya ekubukekeni okusha. Naphezu kobunzima, ngamunye wabo eyanikelwa ithuba sibonge futhi ukuba sikujabulele ukuphila, akanamahloni ubuso bakhe.

Patrick Hardison

Ngo-2001, umlilo uzama ukulondoloza owesifazane esakhiweni esivuthayo. Ngeshwa, umzamo kwaholela ekubeni ukusha ukuthi wayonakalisiwe ubuso bakhe futhi esifubeni engenhla Patrick. izindlebe ashisiwe, ekhaleni, izindebe nezinkophe, indoda Wacishe umbono wakhe nokholo ikusasa eliqhakazile. Yena olwaludingeka kabi ebusweni ukufakelwa. Ngaphambi nangemva: le nhlekelele is bahlukana kangaka empilweni isisulu.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, umlilo wenze imisebenzi kwangaphambilini ezingaphezu kuka-70, kakhulu ukulungiselela ukufakelwa wathatha isikhathi esingangonyaka. Ngemva kwamahora angu-26 wachitha etafuleni yokusebenza e inkampani odokotela abangaphezu kuka-100, Patrick wathola nobuso obudala. Lena ukusebenza ngqá emlandweni, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isisulu salandelwa ngokugcwele ubuso bakhe siqu kwi abanikelayo.

Isabelle Dinuar

Ngo-2005 e-France, owokuqala ngokwengxenye ubuso ukufakelwa emhlabeni owawuse, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isiguli utshalwe hhayi kuphela isikhumba kodwa futhi ikhala, izindebe kanye kwesilevu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imbangela obukhulu e ukufakelwa. Ukufakelwa impumelelo waphefumulela nezinye odokotela abahlinzayo plastic phezu ukuqhubeka eyohlinzwa ezifana Amazing, njengoba ebusweni ukufakelwa. Izithombe ngaphambi nangemva nokuvuselelwa ubonisa ushintsho omuhle ekubukekeni isisulu.

Izabel Dinuar wayonakalisiwe ngu inja yakhe. Efuna ukuzibulala, waphuza eziningi amaphilisi elele. Inja ayikwazanga uvuke umnikazi, futhi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba Labrador yenhlwathi ubuso Elizabeth. Wavuka e edamini legazi, futhi ngemva kokuba wageza, yathola ukuthi uhhafu sobuso bakhe ayikho. ngokushesha Odokotela Abahlinzayo wavumelana ukungakwazi alulame emizimbeni bayitshela ukufakelwa isisulu.

Dallas Vince

Ngo-2011, umnikazi we isithombe esisha kwaba umuntu kusukela Texas. Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi ukuhlinzwa wathola enamandla umuntu abanjwe ugesi, okuholela kweso oplavilas engxenyeni engenhla ubuso. Walwa wokuphila kwakhe ngoba ngosuku nesigamu, kodwa amehlo, ikhala, izindebe nezinye izindikimba zishiswa ngokuphelele. Le ndoda wahlala iminyaka eminingi kungekho ubuso ngokoqobo, ukudla ngepayipi, kodwa ungapheli amandla. Naphezu ukulimala, waya ku-lungisa futhi wakwazi ukuphinde ahambe. indoda elalisafufusa elinde ubuso ukufakelwa. Photo zafaniswa umzamo Plastic Odokotela abahlinzayo, uveza ukuthi ukubukeka lohlaselwayo washintsha ngokuphelele.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, Dallas waphinde wakhuluma, yasanguluka umuzwa wakhe nephunga. Ngeshwa, umbono ayikwazanga kabusha, kodwa cishe zonke izici isimo sobuso isiguli wakwazi ukufunda lonke futhi. Kuze kube manje, ubuso bakhe cishe ngokuphelele obusebenzayo kuka abakwazi ukuqhosha zonke zeziguli eziye zabhekana eyohlinzwa ezinjalo.

Oscar

Ngo-2005, ne-Spanish ukulima ingozi. Ngenxa isibhamu nilimaza ukuze umuntu cishe baphelelwa ubuso, washiya ngaphandle ekhaleni, amazinyo, izindebe, cheekbones. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, Oscar (ngaphansi kwaleli gama umuntu uvezwa ku-intanethi) e shot yena ngengozi. Isisulu wahlala nale nkinga iminyaka emihlanu kwaze kwaba yilapho ke aqathaka enye inkathazo - umlomo some isikhumba, wayencisha amadoda ukuba adle, khuluma aphefumule.

Ngo-2010, omunye kunazo zonke emlandweni bokuhlinzwa kokulungisa ebusweni ukufakelwa kwenziwa. Odokotela Abahlinzayo kwadingeka ukubuyisela elahlekile izitho eziningi nezicubu. Ngenxa yemizamo odokotela, Oscar futhi bakwazi ukondla yena aphefumule.

Carmen Tarleton

Indaba yakhe nje njengoba edabukisayo njengoba ezinye iziguli ezidinga ubuso ukufakelwa. Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-amane uhlaselwe umyeni wakhe wangaphambili, uCarmen efile angaphezu ukuqashelwa. Yena efile ubuso yomkakhe bese umzimba esebenzisa izingcezu kanye acid ibhodlela. Ezinyangeni ezintathu isisulu wachitha equlekile iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana, yena kwadingeka ukuba abhekane 55 imisebenzi. umzimba efile ngokoqobo eqoqwe piecemeal Lapho abathungela ezindaweni zishiswe isikhumba esisha, othathwe kwezinyawo zakhe siqu, futhi kubaxhasi.

Ngeshwa, imizamo kuhlinzwa kwasindisa ukuphila ka uCarmen, kodwa anibuyelanga ubuso bakhe, futhi nalo ikhono lokukhuluma, udle ngokuzimela, imamatheka. Ngo-2013, odokotela wenza esinye operation zokuhlola, ukuxhumelela ubuso efile owesifazane oneminyaka engu-56 ubudala, lesiguli. Ukuba kanzima kanye nokuvuselelwa eside, uCarmen relearn ukudla, ukukhuluma, uphefumule futhi zenze neminye manipulations abonakala okunempilo umuntu elula. Wathola amandla okuthethelela umyeni wakhe wangaphambili, ngisho wabhala incwadi mayelana Isiphelo sakhe esinzima. Akukhona nje ukubukeka, kodwa futhi ekuphileni sowesifazane ushintshe ukufakelwa ubuso: izithombe ngaphambi nangemva kwale nhlekelele, masenziwe kufakazela lokhu.

Richard Norris

Ngemva komzamo ukuzibulala nge kuqhuma isibhamu ekhanda insizwa ingebe waphoqeleka ukuba ufihle abangabazi isikhathi eside iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Khona-ke, ngo-1997, odokotela bakwazi ukusindisa ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa ubuso babonakala engakaze kwalungisa - amathambo baba lusizi, emhlathini sikhubazekile, ulimi cishe lingekho. Richard uvele emgwaqweni ebusuku kuphela, egqoke cap kanye buso efihla ubuso babonakala ngempela.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, umama kamufi, iphawule wathola udokotela ngubani ukulungele afeze ukuhlinzwa ku kabusha ebusweni, kanye ukuzibulala kuhlulekile ngokushesha bavuma ukuthatha ingozi. Ngo-2012, indoda yabamba operation angu-36, ukuba bamnike bona libukeka ngendlela entsha. ubuso kaRichard wayehamba kusukela donor izicubu athile, okumangalisayo ngokushesha wazinza. Manje-ke akusho ezihambisana amagogolo abadlulayo. Wafunda ukuze ukhulume futhi, bebodwa, kukhona ngisho smile. Ubuso ukufakelwa ngaphambi nangemva alulame ngokugcwele isibe kuphela indlela kulesi simo. Ngenhlanhla, konke iphelile kahle.

Ubuso ukufakelwa eRussia

odokotela abahlinzayo Domestic wavula indlela entsha, ukuphila okuvamile kwesesosha, wahlupheka ukusha sina wonke umzimba, umphumela okwakubekelwa itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ezilimele ubuso. Ngoba insindiso kanye nokubuyiselwa kwabantu amathathu imisebenzi Kwakuseshwa, kodwa odokotela abahlinzayo plastic asikwazanga ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga isisulu.

Ukusebenza lokuqala ukufakela umuntu eRussia kwenziwe, njengoba sekushiwo, ngoMeyi 2015. odokotela eMoscow ukulungiselela le iminyaka emithathu, ukubukeza ku umfuziselo of imodeli umuntu nesineke. Ukufakelwa kwezitho wakhe ubuhanjelwe odokotela abahlinzayo eziyisishiyagalombili, kwamthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-15. Izinkundla emphakathini wathuthukisa kuphela ngo-November lapho ochwepheshe babeqiniseka ngokugcwele umphumela ngempumelelo ukusebenza nenhlalakahle isiguli. Odokotela nezifiso seziphelele ubuso ukufakelwa eRussia, isithombe wasindisa, imiphumela ekhuthazayo babe ukunqoba bokuhlinzwa kokulungisa Russian.

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nesipiliyoni uvumele izinselele Amazing kakhulu, enikeza abantu yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba nethemba lokusinda. Ubuso ukufakelwa Yiqiniso, ngeke ku eduze inqubo mass esizayo, njengoba kudinga utshalomali olukhulu umzamo, isikhathi, imali. Noma kunjalo, i-Russia sihlelelwe ukuqhubeka beqhuba imisebenzi enjalo iziguli izinkomba yokwelashwa engafanele.