National Park "Paanajarvi" Karelia: incazelo, izivakashi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

, Endaweni Compact evikelwe lenani ezehlukile kanye namathafa amahle ngokumangalisayo - a "Paanajarvi" National Park. Imingcele yakhe cishe luqondane ngokuphelele ne abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo ka Olang River, ogeleza udlule eziqiwini ezimbili - Karelian kanye Finnish. A jewel yangempela, oluzungeze indawo epaki "Paanajarvi" - igama elifanayo echibini, futhi wonke endaweni epaki 104.473 amahektha.

umbono jikelele

Landscape ngaphandle ephezulu isitayela, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba abhale ubuhle obunjalo lapha. Intaba iphakama ahlukaniswe ejulile nemihosha emaweni. Inani elikhulu of amachibi asezintabeni, ezihlukahlukene amaxhaphozi, emifuleni zasendle, ashaya Rapids omkhulu futhi ukuba siwaqonde kangcono izimpophoma ezinomsindo ... Park "Paanajarvi" wehlukile kakhulu. Emithambekeni yezintaba futhi ezigodini emifula rose intombi, lutho siyabhubha ihlathi, ikakhulukazi sonwele kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba. Kodwa uma ekhuphukela ukuphakama abangaphezu kwengxenye ikhilomitha, ihlathi thins phandle, wadla birches okufakwe. Okuningi ngenhla badla zinyamalale, birch kuthiwa eziyizigwegwe ngumoya futhi agcine ngokuphonsa ithawula indlela kuya emathafeni kwezimila.

echibini Deep uzungezwe izintaba, ngendlela efana kakhulu naleyo Fjord, enhle kangangokuthi ngisho kwepaki adumile "Paanajarvi" ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Lapha ogwini olusenyakatho bezwe sekuqala ukufudumala kahle, ngakho-ke zihleliwe abantu kusukela kudala. Umhlabathi wakhona evundile kakhulu, isimo sezulu sisihle, amanzi abacebile izinhlanzi nasemahlathini - umdlalo. Ngempela ube yipharadesi, lapho eyaqala ukutholwa Karelia, futhi ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, akhuphuke kwaphoqa le Finns. Bobabili baye baphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ngenye endaweni mnandi kanjani.

kwepaki

Paanajarvi (Karelia) - echibini semvelo esiyingqayizivele, futhi akukho emfuleni ngaphansi esiyingqayizivele egeleza lapha Olang. izindawo ezinjalo emhlabeni kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa zonke intshi yesayensi, ezemfundo, ukungcebeleka, izinjongo kwemvelo. kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba benze ngaphandle kudalwa esiqiwini. Mhlawumbe ngisho ugcine le iminotfo yemvelo besingeke siphumelele. Futhi manje, kusukela ngomzuzu izibulo lendalo nat. Ipaki "Paanajarvi", uma insimu yonke ukuvikelwa eqinile etholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekhona. Futhi lokhu kudinga ukusekelwa ngokwezimali njalo.

Londolozani ifa kanye nemvelo, Isimanga siwukuthi, kuyasiza ezokuvakasha. Ipaki "Paanajarvi" amanani ngeke kufuthwe lifika esibhakabhakeni, kodwa umnotho esifundeni akuyona kuphela hhayi ukwehla, kodwa kubuye kutfutfukise ukunakwa ngenxa kulo mkhakha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha isixazululekile izinkinga eziningana: Cognized izilwane zasendle evikelwe, okuyinto unesithakazelo izivakashi Russian kodwa futhi angaphandle hhayi kuphela. ipaki Manual isekela inqubomgomo esizoheha eziningi izivakashi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ibanikeze ukuhlala kakhulu futhi bezijabulisa, ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo kancane emvelweni.

indaba

Njengoba ngaphambili zonke echibini osebeni abangu ezinabantu kakhulu populated, ukudalwa esiqiwini kwakungenakwenzeka. Uma ehlelwe Oulanksky National Park, le ndawo e kwemingcele yayo sasingahlanganisiwe. Kuphela ngo-1926 yahunyushwa uProfesa Linkola iphrojekthi sesikhashana zone. UHulumeni Finland kuye ahlolwe futhi athole imvume yomthetho okusalungiswa ngesisekelo okuyinto epaki nomngcele nje entshonalanga kwalesi sigodi Paanajarvi yadalwa. Umgwaqo ke kwaba lapha kuphela - kusukela eningizimu, yayakhiwe ngo-1906 esuka Vuotunki. Kwaba emincane futhi ungakhululekile, kufanelekile kuphela ukudlula ezinqoleni.

Maphakathi nawo-eko ukudlulisa lokhu, baqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa izimoto, futhi umsebenzi ke kwezomnotho kakhulu ngezicabha. Ngo Paanajarvi wavula izitolo, isikhungo sezokwelapha ngisho igatsha lasebhange. Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi repartition eyingqopha waqhubeka Paanajarvi kakade siqu, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-amapulazi ayisithupha. Futhi ngo-1934, lapha bafika endleleni yesibili - kusukela enyakatho, futhi kanye nalo, kanye ngokusebenzisa umzila izivakashi, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Corner Bear sika". Khona-ke kwaba khona impi, futhi konke ukuxhumana naye Paanajarvi eziphukile. Ngakho-ke wayebizwa ngokuthi umzila ohamba kazwelonke epaki Oulankskom.

borderlands

Paanajarvi ngaphambi kwempi, emzaneni lalichuma kakhulu, okungcono emphakathini Kuusamo, ngoba indawo ethandwa izivakashi, ethola ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izivakashi e isizini eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona cishe njalo ayelapho ososayensi zemvelo, ekufuneni izitshalo ezingavamile emngceleni osentshonalanga ehlathini. Lapha relict flora, kwenye indawo e-Finland, eziningi zalezi zinto ngingekho.

Lapho impi iphela ngo-oyisithunywa waseFinland futhi isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa, emngceleni esisebenza kuyo ezinye izigceme kude empumalanga, ngakho manje bendabuko ukuhweba izibopho aphazamisekile. Leli dolobhana yakhe yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele yimpi, zonke izakhiwo zishiswe. Lezi zindawo izivakashi esibusisekile baye ifinyeleleke ngoba amahlanu - Onogada kuphela babehlala lapha. Futhi Finns futhi Karels Paanajarvi echibini ke manje kwaba ezingafinyeleleki, ngoba strip umngcele kwaba ubanzi kakhulu futhi uvalwe okwezikhali zamaNtungwa.

ukuhlelwa kabusha

In the Eighties sekwephuzile, kule ndawo phathelana futhi kuxoxwa, njengoba kwakuhleliwe ngo-amandla Lake gidroakkumulyativnaya, futhi iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e Karelia Nuorunen - ski isikhungo. La magama amabili njalo wezwa ezinhlelweni zethelevishini, isimo nabo ehlanganiswa emakhasini amaphephandaba amaningi nomagazini. Nuorunen Paanajarvi futhi ngokushesha iba iwuphawu Karelia, edingekayo ukuze zivikeleke ngenxa izici eziyingqayizivele ndawo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi umngcele, futhi, kwakuzwakala ezihlukahlukene iziphakamiso kwalezi ekhoneni isetshenzwe. Ukumelana ibhizinisi endaweni yokuqala - abagawuli, sasinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa amabutho kwemvelo iwine, futhi ngo-May 1992, uhulumeni waseRussia ngemvume esinqumweni eqondene kwi ukusungulwa kwesiGungu esiqiwini nge endaweni kane kunangendlela Oulanksky. Ngakho kwaba khona epaki "Paanajarvi", ukubuyekezwa zazo izivakashi ukushiya nomdlandla kakhulu. Izinkumbulo njengoba benjalo ukuphila.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu lapha ubhekwa ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu endaweni Oulanka-Paanajarvi. Kukhona njalo nanhlanu lamadigri lokushisa - kokubili ebusika kanye nasehlobo, ngokulandelana, ne lokususa kanye plus izimpawu. Isilinganiso lokushisa lonyaka ngakho - mayelana zero. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi Gulf Stream, kwakuzoba iyafana eSiberia, lapho kuba njalo degrees amane - kokubili ebusika kanye nasehlobo. Khumbula ukuthi indawo emazombezombe, futhi - okuningi, kodwa ngoba izimo micro-sezulu sihluke nomunye, futhi ngokuvamile - kakhulu.

Esigodini Oulanka ukufudumala kwelanga ehlobo heats kakhulu nemithambeka eningizimu, ngokunikela ngokuphila ukuba izitshalo engatholakali kulezi zindawo. Ngokwemvelo, ekujuleni wezigodi, lapho kukhona ukuvikelwa umoya, ufudumele kuka eziqongweni entabeni. Emifantwini zihlale manzi futhi epholile, sikhule lapha kuphela izitshalo kakhulu enyakatho. Kodwa ebusika ukubanda kakhulu ezigodini, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona emoyeni abandayo ageleza phansi esuka ezintabeni.

Kuphi ukudla

Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, ke obusa nezigodi emifuleni zendawo, futhi kwaba ke ukuthi kwakhiwa ukwehluka lanamuhla begazi ndawo. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka latitude nesimo sezulu, evamile enyakatho circumpolar ehlathini derevoobrazuyuschaya izimila kule ndawo ngempela ayindlala: kukhona sonwele kuphela birch kanye pine. Nokho, lapho umhlabathi onothile nemithambeka bavikelekile imimoya kubanda, impela eningi aspens. Yini ibala elikhanyayo obomvu somlilo phakathi inaliti conifer kuyabonakala lapha ekwindla!

Ngo imifula nemifudlana ageze namagatsha awo willow; angajwayelekile Alder, kodwa lwentshebe ngaphezulu. Abaningi mountain ash futhi zokhuni e emaxhaphozini, kusukela esingakwazi ngokuthini ukujula asenhlabathini. Cishe zonke imifula nemifudlana ehlotshiswe cherry egcwele ukukhanya futhi nephunga nabo waze waphela obuphelele. A emaceleni ale ntaba ukukhombisa zonation esiqinile mpo cover ihlathi. izihlahla eziningi ngasogwini lomfula kwechibi futhi ngomfula - ikakhulukazi AmaConifers - iminyaka engaphezu kwemine ayichitha, futhi kukhona izimo lapho namakhulu ayisithupha.

okukhethekileko

Eka prodigy - uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele birch, Alder! Yini ezehlukile ngakho? Zonke ingxenye yethu wesithupha umhlaba embozwe lezi izihlahla. Futhi, nokho, lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo uhlukile futhi inenani olubaluleke jikelele. Lapha kuyagcinwa kwezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu futhi zezitshalo nezilwane, okuyinto wanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemva ngemvume kwenye indawo. Zezitshalo iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, ngokoqobo ukuphila kulezi zindawo, ngoba emithambekeni libalele kukhona izitshalo Ezindaweni eningizimu, nasethunzini - relict Arctic.

Lapha, yingxenye kuphela eziningi rarities Botanical. izitshalo kuphela semithambo kule ndawo yokulondoloza imvelo wembula ezingaphezu kuka ezingamakhulu ayisithupha engaphezu kwamashumi amabili babo kunoma yiziphi izindawo Karelia engatholakali. Kunezinto eziningi zezinto eziphilayo eningizimu (lily esigodini, strawberry, isibonelo), ezisondelene ne enyakatho. Futhi eziningi izivakashi ukusuka emaceleni empumalanga - Aster laseSiberia, Honeysuckle nezinye aseBaltic nasengxenyeni emazweni aseNtshonalanga nhlobo kancane. Angaphezu kuka ayisikhombisa zezitshalo kabanzi esekhulile lapha, ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini.

nezilwane

Futhi kwepaki amumethe izilwane zasendle "Paanajarvi". Izibuyekezo ukuphakamisa abameleli abaningi nabo lapha zone ehlathini: behlangana nevesi lynx yase hhayi kuphela, i-moose namabhere, kodwa Wolverine, futhi Ermine. Ososayensi abeke uhlu eside kakhulu: nezimpisi, Martens, izimpungushe, onogwaja, izingwejeje mink, ochakide imithini kanye inqwaba zama-namagundane. Mayelana reindeer, futhi, bathi nokubhala, nakuba sandile kuphela eduze komngcele Finnish. Mink, muskrat, i-beaver ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya zase-arctic impungushe elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye lemming. Engaphezu kweyodwa namashumi amahlanu zezinyoni isidleke kule ndawo - kokubili eningizimu nasenyakatho. Lapha axazulule zinhlobo abasengozini: dada whooper, grey crane, nabanye abaningi. Kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye e Red - nengqungqulu, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, i-golden eagle, futhi nje kuka nesishiyagalombili zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni oyikhethile kule ndawo.

Futhi amadamu esiyingqayizivele lapha. I amachibi nemifula epaki "Paanajarvi" bukhoma futhi Salmonidae futhi whitefish, kanye burbot ezivamile, Pike, perch futhi roach. Into esemqoka - zonke izinto eziningi ezinkulu. Zonke amadamu endaweni ijulile kakhulu, ngamanzi acwebileyo entwasahlobo. Kusukela nomunye sisodwa izimpophoma okusezingeni eliphezulu. Of relict izinhlanzi aphele uhlala lapha, nezimagqabhagqabha goby futhi minnow uwumthombo omuhle ukudla inhlanzi ezibalulekile. Indlovukazi zonke - trout, buqeda lapha isisindo amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka eziyishumi. Lapha kuba indondo esibalulekile izivakashi kwepaki! Labo lucky ngokwanele, qiniseka ukuze ubhale isibuyekezo mayelana 'Paanajarvi "National Park. A lucky, nahlulele by ukubuyekezwa, abaningi!

Ukuthola lapho

Kulabo abafuna ukuba uvakashele "Paanajarvi" National Park, oxhumana inamathelisiwe. Leli dolobhana kuyinto Pyaozersky isivakashi isikhungo ungaphakathi Louhi esifundeni Karelia. Edolobhaneni uqobo ungakwazi ukuza yahlukene nentshonalanga, naseningizimu nasempumalanga emgwaqeni owubhuqu (mayelana ayisithupha amakhilomitha). Kusukela Petersburg, eMoscow, Petrozavodsk futhi Petersburg kuzoholela umzila - Murmansk. Ungakwazi ukuza ngesitimela esiteshini Louhi ke - ngebhasi beya emzaneni Pyaozersky.