KumiswaIndaba

Far Eastern Republic. isimo Umlando sesikhashana

Phakathi Yombango ku amanxiwa Empire isiRashiya, kwakunokuvungama okuningi elenziwa izikhungo zomphakathi. Nye of them were kuqhathaniswa iphila futhi ikhona amashumi eminyaka, futhi abanye isesekhona namuhla (Poland, Finland). Impilo nezinye kungagcini izinyanga ezimbalwa noma izinsuku. zokwakheka ezifana isimo Omunye, esadaleka ku emanxiweni umbuso, kwaba Ekude Eastern Republic (i-DDA).

Ingemuva ku-DDA

Ekuqaleni 1920 eliseMpumalanga Ekude ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire kwaba kunalokho nesimo esinzima. Nakuba kule nsimu senzeka izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kulwiwa. Phakathi okuhlaselayo, Workers 'futhi Abalimi' iRed Army (iRed Army) futhi ukuvukelwa yangaphakathi zigoqiwe okuthiwa Kolchak isimo Russian nenhloko-dolobha yalo e-Omsk, ngaphambi elawula iningi eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Izinsalela Ezemfundo wathatha isihloko emaphethelweni waseRussia empumalanga futhi wagxila amabutho ayo empumalanga Transbaikalia, ne centre Chita ngaphansi kobuholi Ataman Grigoriya semenova.

Vladivostok iwine kuvukela kusekelwa amaBolshevik. Kodwa uhulumeni wamaSoviet kwaba ekujaheni ukunamathisela ngqo esifundeni RSFSR, njengoba kwakukhona usongo webutho lwesithathu lapho sibhekene Japan, okuyinto eye ngokusemthethweni uzwakalise ukungathathi hlangothi yayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lenyuka khona alo ezempi esifundeni, lokusho ngokucacile ukuthi uma kusengaphambili okunye likahulumeni waseSoviet empumalanga livulekele ungene ukukulungisa ahlomile ne iRed Army.

Ukuzalwa kuka-Far Eastern Republic

Ukuze ugweme Ukungqubuzana amabutho iRed Army futhi ibutho Japanese oqondile, kafushane ashaqe amandla Irkutsk ngoJanuwari 1920 isikhungo zezombusazwe SR esekufakile kakade phambili umbono wokusungula Ekude, isimo sesikhashana. Ngokwemvelo, nendima evelele kuyo, yena ngokwakhe kunikezelwe. AmaBolshevik futhi wakuthanda lokho, kodwa ekuqaleni kwazo isimo esisha, babona kuphela Uhulumeni kusukela phakathi amalungu RCP (b). Ngaphansi ingcindezi amabutho aphakeme Polittsentr waphoqeleka ukuba anqotshwe futhi nginikeze amandla Irkutsk Military Revolutionary Committee.

Ezemfundo Far Eastern Republic njengoba isimo sesikhashana ikakhulukazi wazama ngentshiseko ukuletha ekuphileni usihlalo Revolutionary iKomidi Irkutsk Alexander Krasnoshekov. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ye-Far Eastern ehhovisi ekhethekile ngaleso RCP (B) yahlonywa Mashi 1920. Ngaphandle Krasnoshchekova babe Aleksandr Shiryamov futhi UNikolai Goncharov amalungu avelele kakhulu Ekude Eastern Bureau. Kwakuphakathi usizo ngenkuthalo 6 Ephreli 1920 e Verkhneudinsk (namuhla-Ulan-Ude) sidalwe isimo esisha - Ekude Eastern Republic.

Yabantu Revolutionary Army

Ukudalwa Ekude Eastern Republic ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle ngentshiseko Soviet Russia. Ngo-May 1920-ke lalimisa ngokomthetho isimo esisha. uhulumeni eMoscow Ngokushesha emaphakathi waqala ukunikela ngosizo oluphelele DDA, kokubili kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho. Kodwa ngalesi sigaba, ukuthuthukiswa eyinhloko isimo okwakubaluleke ngokufanayo ukusekelwa lempi RSFSR. Lolu hlobo losizo ngokuyinhloko ekusungulweni ngesisekelo eMpumalanga-Siberian ibutho laseSoviet siqu amabutho akhe ahlomile amasha DDA - Wabantu Revolutionary Army (NRA).

Ukudalwa isimo sesikhashana ukhethe ikhadi trump eJapane, okuyinto ngokusemthethweni uzwakalise hlangothi kwabo, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahoxe amabutho ayo baseMpumalanga Ekude kuya Julayi 3, 1920. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane NDA impumelelo enkulu ekulweni amabutho anonya esifundeni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela andise insimu ka Ekude Eastern Republic.

Okthoba 22 amabutho Chita ilawulwa Yabantu Revolutionary Army, ngokuxhamazela ishiywe Ataman Semyonov. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, emzini Verkhneudinsk uhulumeni wathutha DDA.

Ngemva Japanese kwesokunxele eKhabarovsk, ekwindla ka-1920 e Chita isingathwe inkomfa ye abamele Trans-iBaikal, lase-Amur kanye Primorye izifunda, lapho kwanqunywa ukuba ujoyine kulezi zindawo kwisimo esisodwa - DDA. Ngakho, ekupheleni 1920 Far Eastern Republic elawula ingxenye enkulu ye Ekude.

kudivayisi DDA

Far Eastern Republic esikhathini khona, kwadingeka isakhiwo ezahlukene zokuphatha-indawo. Ekuqaleni, Lezi zindawo zazihlanganisa izindawo ezinhlanu: neTrans-iBaikal, eKamchatka, Sakhalin, lase-Amur kanye Primorye.

Ngokuphathelene ethize emagunyeni ke at the stage of indima ukuphathwa isimo DDA wagabadela ababamele Assembly, akhethwe Januwari 1921. It yamukela uMtsetfosisekelo, owawuthi njengegunya eliphakeme kubhekwe Sikazwelonke. It ukhetha ivoti ezivamile yeningi. Futhi, uMkhandlu ababamele aqokwe uwuhulumeni ophethwe A. Krasnoshchekov, eyabuyiselwa uN Matveev ekupheleni 1921.

IWhite Guard mutiny

Januwari 26, 1921 iWhite Guard amabutho, senziwe yi-Japan e Vladivostok liketulwa uhulumeni kwamaBolshevik, kanjalo nganikhipha esifundeni kusuka DDA. okubizwa ngokuthi lwesikhashana priamurye uhulumeni kwamiswa ensimini ka esifundeni Maritime. Ngenxa kusengaphambili obengeziwe namaphoyisa abeLungu ekupheleni 1921 kusukela DDA ukuthi bathinteka eKhabarovsk.

Kodwa ukuqashwa kukaNksz Blucher ezindabeni zezempi akhonze Far Eastern Republic waya ngcono kakhulu. Counteroffensive lahlelwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho Abamhlophe lahluleka esindayo, walahlekelwa eKhabarovsk, futhi ekupheleni kuka-October 1922 abangu ngokuphelele zinganakiwe Ekude.

Ukujoyina Far Eastern republic of uHulumeni waseSoviet

Ngakho, Ekude Eastern Republic (1920 - 1922) uye sase sigcwaliseke ngokuphelele injongo yayo njengoba isimo sesikhashana ukuthi imfundo akakunikanga isizathu esisemthethweni ukuze ujoyine Japan kuvulekile ngxabano ahlomile ne iRed Army. Ngenxa ukuxoshwa amabutho iWhite Guard baseMpumalanga Ekude, ukuba khona DDA kwaba okungalungile. Avuthwa umbuzo ukubusa koMbuso ukuba imfundo we RSFSR, owawenziwa 15 Novemba 1922 ngesicelo Sikazwelonke. Far East Yabantu Republic abasekho.

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