Okukhulu enkolweni yaseGibhithe lasendulo. Inkolo kanye izinganekwane of Ancient Egypt

Inkolo lasendulo laseGibhithe benze asihlukani kusukela izinganekwane nezimfihlakalo, isici sale izingxenye zomhlaba njalo. Kuyinto sibonga izinganekwane baseGibhithe lasendulo legends kamuva kwavela ubuqaba eRussia. Futhi Echoes balolusiko kungabonakala nasemkhakheni wesimanje ubuJuda Islam nobuKristu. izithombe eziningi nama-legends ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke, futhi ekugcineni baba ingxenye yezwe yesimanje. Imibono nemibono mayelana namasiko ezindala zaseGibhithe naseSiriya inkolo, namanje sihlushwa ososayensi emhlabeni, ngabomvu uzama ukwembula izimfihlakalo kuleli zwe emangalisayo.

Izikhombisi-main

Inkolo Ancient Egypt ahlukahlukene. Sihlanganisa izindawo eziningana, njenge:

• Fetishism. Kuyinto ukukhulekelwa ngisho nezinto ezingaphili noma izinto kuthiwa ashiwo izakhiwo ezingaqondakali. Kungaba iziphandla, izithombe noma ezinye izinto.
• Ubudlelwane phakathi kokukodwa nokuningi. Kususelwa inkolelo unkulunkulu oyedwa, kodwa uyavuma ukuba khona nezinye izinhlobo kwemvelo noma ubuso ngaphezulu yaphezulu, okuyinto isithombe abafana. UNkulunkulu onjalo angaba guises ezahlukene, kodwa empeleni yayo ayiguquki.
• Polytheism. Uhlelo inkolelo, ogxile polytheism. Ngo polytheism kukhona bonke onkulunkulu nezidalwa zaphezulu, ngamunye kuwo unesibopho ingqikithi.
• Totemism. Isenzakalo evame kakhulu eGibhithe lasendulo. Ingqikithi kulo mkhuba ekukhulekeleni totems. Ngokuvamile kuba izilwane obuze izipho zemikhaya evelele ukuze kushwelezwe nonkulunkulu them buza them jabulile pilo ngaphakathi noma induduzo kwenye emhlabeni.

kwamiswa Zonke lezi zindawo isikhathi esingaphezu 3 ayizinkulungwane. Iminyaka, futhi-ke, isikhathi eside inkolo enjalo yeGibhithe lasendulo esiye sabhekana nazo izinguquko eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye bonkulunkulu bezizwe, ngubani matasa indawo yokugcina e ukubaluleka, kancane kancane ngokuba main, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ezinye izinhlamvu iyahlanganiswa futhi iguqulwa ibe izakhi ezintsha ngokuphelele. Hlukanisa ingxenye elalihlala tinganekwane izinkolelo ngokuphathelene kwelizayo. Ngenxa yalesi yizinhlobonhlobo, amagatsha ahlukene kanye imicikilisho oshintshashintsha e iGibhithe lalingekho esimweni inkolo eyodwa. Ngamunye iqembu labantu wakhetha oseceleni othile, kamuva waqala ukukhulekela. Mhlawumbe lena ukukholelwa kuphela ukuthi awanabo ubunye bonke abantu kuleli zwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela impi ngenxa yokuthi abapristi eyodwa babengenakho ukwabelana imibono yabanye, abanye onkulunkulu.

Magic e Ancient Egypt

Magic kwaba kwakubonakala ngesisekelo cishe zonke izinhlangothi futhi abantu ukuthanda enkolweni yaseGibithe lasendulo. Kafushane kunzima ukwethula zonke izinkolelo ezingaqondakali yaseGibhithe lasendulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-magic kwaba ithuluzi futhi aqondiswe izitha ngakolunye - yasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvikela izilwane nabantu.

iziphandla

Okubaluleke kunakho konke ukuthi exhunywe zonke izinhlobo iziphandla, okuyinto afakwa yamandla engaphezu kwevamile. AbaseGibhithe wayekholelwa ukuthi izinto ezinjalo ongavikela hhayi kuphela umuntu ophilayo, kodwa umphefumulo wakhe ngemva kwathatha elinye izwe.

Kwakukhona iziphandla, lapho abapristi lasendulo wabhala ifomula ekhethekile imilingo. Ikakhulukazi sina mayelana emikhosini, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho phezu iziphandla inkatho ngeziphonso. On the isidumbu naye wathathwa ukubeka ishidi papyrus ngala mazwi, aqondiswa ku-onkulunkulu. Kanjalo nezihlobo zomufi bacela emandleni aphakeme womusa bagcinelwe kangcono ngenxa yomphefumulo oshonile.

Imifanekiso yezilwane nabantu emakhadini

Izinganekwane enkolweni yaseGibithe lasendulo zihlanganisa izindaba ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane imifanekiso. Ngakho iziphandla abaseGibhithe enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izinto ezinjalo hhayi kuphela ukuletha inhlanhla, kodwa futhi basize ukuba aqalekise ama-isitha. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, wax sibalo ezibaziwe womuntu, eyayintula, ukuze bajeziswe. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu hlelo endaweni lalenziwa ukuloya. Ngo inkolo yobuKristu, futhi, has a Isiko elifanayo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuhloswe ngaso ukuphulukiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele sculpt wax ingxenye ogulayo lomzimba ukuletha isonto ukuze isithonjana saint, ogama izihlobo bacela usizo.

belingana nge iziphandla ukubaluleka okukhulu isananyathiselwe imidwebo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi iziphonso. Ekuqaleni, kwaba khona isiko ukuletha ekamelweni yokungcwaba ukudla wakufaka eduze mummy umufi ukushweleza konkulunkulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lapho imikhiqizo spoilt, abaseGibhithe baletha iminikelo fresh, kodwa ekugcineni ke wehla yokuthi eduze umzimba mummified kulalwe isithombe bese upheqela iziphonso ezithile. Kukholakala ukuthi ngemva kokufunda amazwi omazisayo phezu umpristi abafileyo zidlulisela umyalezo onkulunkulu ukuvikela umphefumulo oshonile.

"Amagama kwamandla"

Lokhu ukupela elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe enamandla kakhulu. Inkolo waseGibhithe lasendulo wanika kusho imibhalo engcwele Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Kuye ngezimo ukupela ongaveza imiphumela ehlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu kwakudingekile ukuba babanike lelo gama njengesidalwa ababefuna ukubiza umpristi. AbaseGibhithe wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi ngokwazi igama kwaba isihluthulelo konke. Iminonjana zalezi zinkolelo zisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Icebo lika Akhenaten

Uma ebakhipha eGibhithe zaxoshwa le Hyksos (owathonya izinkolo zasendulo laseGibhithe) izwe sihlangabezane izinxushunxushu zenkolo ukuthi Akhenaten kwaba ubhongoza. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, abaseGibhithe baqala ukukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona omunye.

Okhethwe uNkulunkulu kwaba Aton, kodwa le nkolelo lingafunyanwa ku ngenxa uhlamvu yayo ephakeme. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokufa Akhenaten, kwakunomunye yokukhulekela kancane kakhulu unkulunkulu oyedwa. Le nkathi emfushane monotheism namanje zashiya izibazi esiqondisweni alandelayo enkolweni yaseGibhithe.

Ngokusho kwenye version, bamaLevi ababalwa nguMose kwaholela abantu abayizigidi, babephakathi kwalabo umuntu wayecabanga ukuthi kwase kunkulunkulu Aten. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi sekuyinto engathandwa eGibhithe, ihlelo usephoqeleke ukuba abaleke ashiye izwe lazo lendabuko. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe abalandeli uMose sika munye amaJuda ayimizulane wazibeka ukholo lwabo. IMithetho Eyishumi, aziwa namuhla, kukhona kakhulu okusikhumbuza imigqa omunye izahluko "Incwadi Abafileyo", okuthiwa "Umyalo abamukeli." It idluliselwe isono 42 (yinye unkulunkulu ngalinye, okuyinto, ngokusho izinkolo zaseGibhithe, wayebuye 42). Okwamanje, lokhu kuphela umbono ocatshangelwayo, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ubone izici eningiliziwe inkolo baseGibhithe lasendulo. Ubufakazi obuthembekile alikho, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi kuba esithambekele kukho nje ekwakhiweni ezinjalo. By the way, impikiswano yokuthi ubuKristu busekelwe izinkolelo waseGibhithe, ingakamiswa ucime.

enkolweni yaseGibhithe eRoma

Ngesikhathi lapho mass ekusakazekeni kobuKristu, futhi Aleksandr Makedonsky eseshonile, enkolweni yaseGibhithe ngokugcwele ihlanganiswe ne-izinganekwane lasendulo. Ngesikhathi lapho konkulunkulu bakudala awahlangabezananga zonke izidingo emphakathini, kwakukhona yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi u-Isis ukuthi wawusufike yonke indawo yoMbuso WaseRoma. Kanye mkhuba omusha isithakazelo esikhulu siqala ukuba baboniswe futhi magic waseGibhithe, umphumela okuyinto vele yayisifinyelele UK, eJalimane, futhi yaqala ukusakaza kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kwaba yiyona kuphela inkolo yaseGibithe lasendulo. Kafushane, ungakwazi awulethe ngesimo Usuqhubekile Lesisemkhatsini phakathi ubuqaba nobuKristu kancane kancane abasafufusa.

imibhoshongo waseGibhithe

Lezi zakhiwo bebelokhu zimbozwe amakhulu tinganekwane izinkolelo. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bezama ukuchaza imfihlakalo indlela imibhoshongo ibhekane mummification yiziphi izinto eziphilayo. Ngisho nezilwane ezincane dlulisa lezi zakhiwo kuyagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle nokugqumisa. Abanye abantu bathi ngemva kokuhlala isikhathi esithile e amaphiramidi lasendulo, basuke sebeke bahlangabezana kuqubule amandla, ngisho ukuqeda ezinye izifo ezingelapheki.

Amasiko enkolweni yaseGibithe lasendulo lihlotshaniswa lezi zakhiwo engavamile. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba mbhoshongo bekulokhu elifanekisela zonke abaseGibhithe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini isiqondiso zenkolo wakhethwa eqenjini elithile labantu. Kuze kube manje izivakashi abeza ukuzobona kuya Imibhoshongo, baphikisa ngokuthi kulezi zindawo blunt insingo izindwani babe abukhali, uma ukubeka kahle, ukugxila emaphuzwini yekhampasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umbono ukuthi akubalulekile kangako, kulokho okubalulekile kokuthi yenziwe, futhi mbhoshongo lapho, kungaba ngisho kwenziwe nge amakhadibhodi, futhi ngeke kusadingeka izakhiwo engavamile. Into esemqoka - ukuba bagcine olinganise lesifanele.

Inkolo kanye art waseGibhithe lasendulo

izwe art njalo ubulokhu uhlangene eduze ehlangene izintandokazi zenkolo kwabaseGibhithe. Njengoba noma yimuphi umfanekiso namatshe aqoshiwe babe olwalusikisela ezingaqondakali, kwakukhona canons ekhethekile, okuyinto zadalwa ngokuvumelana nalezi okudaliwe.

Yokudumisa kwakucelwa onkulunkulu Wakha amathempeli omkhulu, kanye nezithombe zabo bathunjwa e itshe noma izinto eziyigugu. Chorus uNkulunkulu uchazwa ngokuthi uheshe noma indoda enekhanda uheshe, efanekisela ukuhlakanipha, ubulungisa, kanye nemisebenti yekubhala. Umbhidisi Anubis efile ababethi ngesimo impungushe, futhi unkulunkulukazi Sekhmet njalo wavela njengoMesiya impi ngesimo nanjengengonyamakazi.

Ngokuphambene, amasiko Eastern inkolo baseGibhithe lasendulo kuvezwa onkulunkulu hhayi njengoba kwangethusa kanye ukujezisa Avengers, kodwa kunalokho, njengoba onkulunkulu ngokubabazekayo futhi vseponimayuschih. OFaro kanti amakhosi ayethathwa kusukela ababusi bomhlaba futhi ohlonishwa akukho kancane, ngakho nazo zaveza ngesimo izilwane. Kukholakala ukuthi isithombe sendoda - lena double zakhe ezingabonakali, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Ka" futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi emelelwa eseyinsizwa, kungakhathaliseki ubudala yalo mGibhithe.

Njalo esifanekisweni nokudweba kwakufanele lisayinwe umdali wabo. ekudalweni Okungasayiniwe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi awuphelele.

Inkolo kanye izinganekwane waseGibhithe lasendulo balalela omkhulu izidumbu zabantu nezilwane. Lokho kusukela ndaba yokuthi kuba amehlo kukhona esibukweni komphefumulo. AbaseGibhithe babekholwa ukuthi abafileyo beniyizimpumputhe ngokuphelele, ngakho umbono zazibhekisiswa kangaka. Ngokusho inganekwane ongumGibhithe unkulunkulu u-Osiris ngokukhohlisa wabulala umfowabo, indodana yakhe Chorus usike iso zakhe wamnika ukugwinya uyise, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wavuswa.

izilwane ababhekwa

Egypt iyizwe ezweni isilwane sasivumela abampofu, nokho nabaseGibhithe lasendulo ohlonishwayo nemvelo futhi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Bakhonza black inkunzi, okwakuwuphawu indalo laphezulu - Apis. Ngakho-ke, ethempelini isilwane kuye kwaba inkunzi ephilayo njalo. Wakhulekela abantu bakuleli dolobha. Njengoba wabhala edumile Isazi sezinto ezindala zaseGibhithe Mihail Aleksandrovich Korostovtsev enkolweni yaseGibithe lasendulo kuyinto ngempela eziningi, ubona lalifanekisela izinto eziningi. Esinye sazo kwakungu-yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi ingwenya, nobemele i- unkulunkulu Sobek. njengoba kule emathempelini Apis, ezindaweni zokukhulekela Sobek bekulokhu izingwenya ziphila, wapha kuphela abapristi nje. Ngemva kokufa izilwane mummified imitimba yabo (babephathwa nge inhlonipho kakhulu langenhlonipho).

Futhi ahlonishwe babe Falcons futhi amanqe. Ukuze lokubulala cruise ungakwazi ilahlekelwe ukuphila kwayo.

Indawo amakati ekhethekile ngizibona zibaluleke kangakanani umlando enkolweni yaseGibithe. The main unkulunkulu Ra ukuthi selokhu kwathi nhlo ngesimo ikati elikhulu. Kwakukhona futhi unkulunkulukazi Bastet, uvele ifomu ikati. Ukufa isilwane laligujwa ukulila, umzimba zemilenze emine kuthiwa wenziwa labapristi abayikhonzayo uwafunde phezu iziphonso futhi bamgqumisa ke. Kill cat kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ngesono esikhulu, kulandele thusa retribution. Endabeni ka umlilo endaweni yokuqala evela endlini evuthayo wasindisa ikati, bese kamuva umndeni.

Uma ucabangela izinganekwane baseGibhithe lasendulo, ingasaphathwa scarab ibhungane. Lokhu isinambuzane emangalisayo kususa omkhulu indima enkolweni yaseGibithe lasendulo. Amazwibela ngaye inganekwane edume kakhulu wukuthi lokhu ibhungane limelela ukuphila futhi samovozrozhdenie.

Umqondo umphefumulo eGibhithe lasendulo

AbaseGibithe ihlukaniswe ntu ku izinhlelo eziningi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umuntu ngamunye yayikhona kuyizinhlayiyana "Ka", okuyinto kwaba kabili yakhe. Emngcwabeni egumbini oshonile ukubeka lomngcwabo eyengeziwe lapho lena ingxenye Kwadingeka ukuba baphumule.

Particle "Ba" kuyinto umphefumulo womuntu uqobo. Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi le ngxenye has ithatha onkulunkulu.

"Oh" - umoya, kusenzo ngesimo Inkonde isuke iyingxenye ahlukene komphefumulo.

"Shu" - ithunzi. Ingqikithi komphefumulo womuntu, okuyinto kufihlwe ohlangothini amnyama ukwazi.

Kwakubuye kube ingxenye "sah", okuyinto komculo we isidumbu ngemuva mummification. Indawo ekhethekile inhliziyo, ngoba kwaba esihlalweni zonke Komuntu bebonke. AbaseGibhithe babekholelwa ukuthi kwelizayo ngesikhathi Domesday umuntu bahlale ethula engakhulumi ngezono zakhe, kodwa inhliziyo yakhe njalo kwavulela izimfihlo esibi kunazo.

isiphetho

Uhlu lwazo zonke izinkolo laseGibhithe, emfushane kufinyeleleke lasendulo kunzima ngempela, ngoba isikhathi eside bekhuluma kanje, eziye zabhekana izinguquko eziningi. Nakanjani ongasho ngokunembile emlandweni waseGibhithe ongaqondakali iqukethe inqwaba izimfihlo engaphezulu kakhulu kwevamile futhi ezingaqondakali. imivubukulo Lonyaka betfulelwa lezimanga ezithandekayo ukukhiqiza nemibuzo eyengeziwe. Kuze kube namuhla, ososayensi kanye nje abantu abanesifiso umlando izinhlamvu engavamile futhi ubufakazi ukuthi le nkolo ngesisekelo zonke izinkolelo akhona namuhla.