Pasternak leonid Osipovich: imidwebo, biography

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uyise abadumile imbongi Russian nomlobi uBoris Pasternak kuyinto umuntu ngokulinganayo abanamakhono, okungukuthi umculi Pasternak leonid Osipovich. Mayelana umsebenzi wakhe uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

ebuntwaneni

umculi Young Pasternak leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - neminyaka yokuphila), ogama lakhe langempela kuzwakala Avrum Itshok Leib, wakhulela emkhayeni ompofu e-Odessa. Ikusasa umdwebi abahlakaniphe kwaba ezinganeni eziyisithupha. Ngokushesha umfana waqala ukubonisa lokusungula. Nokho, naphezu ithalente ezisobala ingane yabo, abazali sengikubambile Leni uthando ngaphandle intshiseko. Noma kunjalo, umculi osemusha akazange amshiye amakilasi e art esikoleni. Ukufundisa ezobuciko umfana waqhubeka ngemuva kokuphela sokuzivocavoca. Nakuba leonid wakhetha ibhizinisi wezokwelapha njengabahlengikazi okukhethekile, kuba parallel sezifundo zaseyunivesithi kuhlanganiswe ngokuvakashela studio master E. Sorokina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwa okukhethekile wanika umculi esizayo ithuba kahle sihlole izici zomzimba womuntu, ngokucacile yayo ukunyakaza kanye statics.

nezifundo master eyamukelwa ngisho ithuba ngaphezulu ezingalindelekile. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanye leonid wavele washintsha umsebenzi wakhe futhi uye waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Faculty. Nokho, kulo mkhankaso obalulekile wokufuna ayikapheli, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana nje, washiya basemzini wakubo wahamba ukuzama isiphetho sabo e-Germany.

Ukuphila phesheya

Ukuthola e Munich, Pasternak leonid Osipovich wachitha izinyanga eziningana ukutadisha Umdwebo eRoyal Academy of Fine Arts. Yilapho-ke ukuphila master alethwe unina abadumile umculi Russian Serov, ngaleso sikhathi ihlelwe umbuthano. Lo mhlangano uba-mlando umndeni Pasternak, futhi umndeni Serov. Leonid Osipovich ajwayelane lona wesifazane wayesekhulile impela ekuqaleni ubungane eside phakathi izizukulwane eziningana.

emphakathini kokuqala

Esimisweni, umculi isikhashana wabuya Odessa, lapho enyathelisa incwadi yakhe e omagazini uhlamvu yamahlaya kuqala. Lawa kwakungamadodana imidwebo, amakhathuni, imidwebo, imidwebo. Kungakanani kamuva wavuma ukuthi umculi ngokwakhe Maksim Gorky, ngesikhathi Pasternak ethumba wokuqala, ngokuvumelana umbhali, "umalalepayipini" ezincwadini Russian.

Kulesi ukuqeqeshwa master aziphelelanga lapho. Ngemva kokuphothula University of Pasternak leonid Osipovich, Biography eyathandwa enye impumelelo ezibalulekile, wakhonza njengesikhonzi sokuzithandela. Ngisho ngesikhathi imisebenzi yezempi, wabona lalihlala ukwenza imidwebo kanye nemidwebo encane. Njengoba kwakhiwa isitayela kombhali.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo umuzi ka Pasternak leonid Osipovich wahlangana Roza Kaufman, i wopiyano emangalisayo abanamakhono. Kakade ngo-1889 abathandi sashada futhi bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile eMoscow. Lapho, uRose wanika ekhonsathini ngemva kwenye, futhi leonid wathumba umbuthano polenovskim.

Ngemva konyaka, indodana abasanda kushada kuqala wazalwa. Nguye kamuva owaba imbongi edumile Russian. Kwaba uBoris Pasternak. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka indodana, u-Alexander, owaba wezakhiwo yimpumelelo.

Ngaphezu abafana mndeni Pasternak nabobulili fair. Ngo-1990 indodakazi umculi osemusha, uJosephine, ngemva kweminyaka emibili, uRosa inkosikazi ethandekayo wakhipha unkosikazi wakhe uLydia. Izingane zayo Pasternak enikelwe igalari ehlukile. Kulezi emidwebweni wawathumba wonke ukusondelana ukufudumala esidlekeni umndeni, okuyinto aluka alo mbhangqwana omusha.

ukuqashelwa

I mlando lomculi abasha ngo-1889 lapho ukumamatheka inhlanhla futhi, isithombe yokuqala eyaziwayo master, "Incwadi eya Motherland" othenga ngalendoda ihlonishwe Pavel Tretyakov. Kwakuwusuku ngonyaka yimpumelelo ngoba Pasternak. Ngemva kokuba lo mbukiso yale midwebo kwegama lomculi phakade bolimi belingana besikhathi sakhe engengaphansi abadumile.

Ngemva ukunqoba wokugaklazeka emphakathini BaseMoscow Ongoti Umdwebo Pasternak leonid Osipovich kwaduma phakathi abaculi bangaleso sikhathi. Waqala uhlanganyele okungenani aziwa abaqoqi nabaculi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi waqala ukuzwakalisa izifundo abadwebi imfundamakhwela. Ngakho, ngisho IIya Repin wathumela sesifundo somuntu ukuze Pasternak abafundi abasha. Ngokuhamba kosuku, inkosi banikeza izifundo ngasese eMoscow. Ukubona impumelelo, wanquma, kanye nomngani wakhe, umculi Stemberg evulekile siqu ukuqeqeshwa studio ukudweba. Nakuba ukusebenza nge abafundi Pasternak umise ngokwaso njengoba umculi enenqubekela phambili futhi uthisha. Ngakho, efundisa, akagcinanga abafundi izinto eziyisisekelo ezobuciko kanye nomdwebo zezemfundo, kodwa futhi libonisa intsha entsha, umuntu hhayi ezisetshenzisiwe ngaphambili. Konke lokhu master ngaphambilini azifunda ukuqeqeshwa eJalimane. Ngakho, i-art Russian kancane kancane savela ebhekiswe European.

Umsebenzi ephephabhukwini

Kusukela 1890, leonid Osipovich ngaphansi ukusekelwa Russian umbhali, wemidlalo futhi intatheli Fedora Sologuba iba umhleli ubuciko umagazini omusha "Umculi". Ngemva konyaka, Pasternak wathatha ukuphatha ukushicilelwa imisebenzi Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ngemifanekiso. Leli qoqo umdwebi akugcini nje aklonyeliswe wemifanekiso yakhe, kodwa futhi wayinika nethuba ukusebenza kwenye abaculi abanamakhono kodwa ngaphansi owaziwa. Phakathi kwabo kwakungeyona edumile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa akukho esingaphansi abanamakhono lokhu Mikhail Vrubel.

Ngaphezu kokwenza emkhakheni journalism, master kuphumelele in umdwebo. Ngo 1892 ubhala Pasternak leonid Osipovich, "ubhekene indalo. ' I-movie baba osungugqamezweni ebhange umdwebi.

Ukudala ekumeni

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leonid Osipovich Pasternak is njengoba umdwebi eyaziwa, bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli ifa layo kwezobuciko ukwenza ekumeni.

Ngisho nakuleli uhlobo ezobuciko umculi komculo eyakhe imibono ezintsha. Isici kunazo yesiteleka ekumeni Pasternak sika ngokuthi inkosi hhayi kuphela ayeveza ngokudayisa, kodwa futhi zanxusa i-izwe kwangaphakathi kuboniswe. Ngo imidwebo yakhe, umdwebi wafuna ukudlulisela uhlamvu kuvezwa isimo, imizwelo yakhe, usizi, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Pasternak wabhala ngesitayela impressionistic. ngaphezulu enamandla ukwedlula sobala kakhulu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sitayela akunakubangelwa umsebenzi wonke lomdwebi, phela kuba ekumeni lale mpahla.

impumelelo International

Pasternak baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa njengoba uthisha master futhi lithathiwe isikhundla School of Arts ngo-1894. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Pasternak baba othisha amanye amakhosi ovelele, phakathi kwabo Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin futhi K. Korovin. Ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabo emkhakheni yokufundisa, isikole isibe omunye eziphambili kakhulu hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa ngisho ngibe usaziwayo phesheya. othisha engumthengisi Young, abaningi babo abaye ofundile phesheya, ethula amazinga amasha ekufundiseni art. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu othisha aye wawabhebhethekisa izifundo ngoba imfundo jikelele. Ngakho, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky baba ofundisa umlando Russian. Kamuva, leonid Osipovich walithatha kwenye ekumeni kwakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikole akusilo ize bazithola udumo olukhulu: umsebenzi ezinikezele othisha abafundi abaningi kamuva owaba amakhosi ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ezifana abaculi abadumile njengoba Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov nabanye.

Nokho, futhi lokhu akugcini Slava Pasternaka. Ngo-1894, "Ngobusuku obandulela izivivinyo," isithombe umculi umklomelo wokuqala embukisweni international eMunich. Ubethula ithengwa 1890 i umhlobiso Luxembourg Museum ngqo embukisweni Paris.

Ngemva impumelelo enkulu onjalo kwakuyiNkosi nesidingo bokobana lokusungula Pasternak. Kakade 1901, i-Luxembourg Museum ethunywe eziningana owaziwa ngaleso abadwebi isikhathi, kuhlanganise leonid Osipovich, zibonisa izigcawu kusuka ekuphileni Russian. Pasternak wabhala enye indalo yakhe edume kunazo zonke, isithombe esiphelele "UTolstoy nomkhaya wakhe." Wadumisa ngisho iNkosana George Alexandrovich, ukubukela kwami embukisweni othi "World of Art".

Kamuva Pasternak wayengumqondisi umsunguli yobuciko Russian emzini Dusseldorf. Ngesikhathi sakhe master phesheya kube nezithelo wasebenzisa isikhathi esabiweko waphinde wavakashela ogwini Mediterranean. Nakuba e-Italy, umculi benza eziningi imidwebo ebukeka.

Life ngaphandle ezweni

Phakathi izenzakalo 1905, leonid Osipovich unyaka wonke kwaba Berlin. Yazisa kuye umsebenzi esikoleni kwadingeka ukuba inqanyulwe ngoba isikole yavalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, Pasternak ezimpini nemibukiso amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise Berlin. Ngo parallel, inkosi zaveza amakhasimende abaningi bezinye izizwe.

Kusukela ngo-1912, ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa Roses Pasternak e Kissingen futhi ngezinye Pisa, inkosi yaqala ngendwangu "Ngiyanihalalisela." Yakhe enkulu Ngokwe-mbono, izingane weza ukujabulisa izipho lwabazali kuya wedding yokugubha usuku esiliva, njengoba futhi umculi okuvezwayo. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak eseqedile imidwebo yakhe ngo-1914. Useke waba impumelelo enkulu.

Phakathi nale nkathi, inkosi wahlala eMoscow. Kulapha wabhala Pasternak leonid Osipovich, "Portrait wendodana" - omunye edume kakhulu indalo yakhe.

Kusukela 1921 Pasternak babehlala eBerlin. Naphezu Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine impilo futhi umuntu angaboni kahle, wafikelwa kuqubule amabutho zokudala futhi wabhala phakathi nalesi sikhathi uchungechunge ekumeni ubuntu abadumile, phakathi kwabo u-Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke nabanye abaningi. Ngo-1924, wayesemsebenzini inkampani nabangani waya kwelinye eGibhithe nasePalestina. Phakathi nalolo hambo, Pasternak Wabhala uchungechunge lwezinsiza-imidwebo ekhaliphile.

Ngesikhathi ekuthatheni izintambo ngamaNazi, iningi lemisebenzi umdwebi sika babeshiswa esidlangalaleni, kanye nemibukiso yayivinjelwe. Kule ndaba, in the namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni, Pasternak wathuthela eLondon, lapho Wabhala uchungechunge lwezinsiza-imidwebo, kamuva sidluliselwe eBritish Museum. Ngemva nje kokugqashuka Second neMpi Yezwe, inkosi washona ngo Oxford.

Okwamanje, ifa ocebile umculi ku eziningi iminyuziyamu le edume kakhulu emhlabeni, kuhlanganise Tretyakov Igalari eMoscow. Kunzima ukuhlola indima efezwa e Russian futhi izwe art leonid Osipovich Pasternak. master imidwebo namanje hlala endaweni udumo ngesikhathi nemibukiso ngamazwe.