Wendondo yegolide. Ingabe-ke abafuna abafundi zamanje?

School uzothatha indondo yegolide bekulokhu ilungelo kuso siyidingile kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala cwaningo. Nakuba namanje ingane, njengoba sengike ngesikhathi Prom, sesibonile injabulo umfundi uthola kusuka umqondisi we-Gold Award ezifezwayo isayensi nesiyalo esihle. Yezimo abhekene ngaleso kakhulu ulingeka ukuba wenze lokhu umklomelo ezibalulekile.

Umlando ukuvela esikoleni igolide izindondo

Uqala indaba yakhe indondo yegolide kusukela ezinsukwini wokubusa UNicholas. Ngo-1835 inkosi ivume ekunikezelweni ngendondo i ezifezwayo isayensi. Futhi ungase uthole kuphela abameleli ubulili besilisa. Ukuze abesifazane ukuthi uzothatha indondo yegolide mbibi. Ubuso umklomelo kwaba isibonakaliso isimo - ukhozi amabili amakhanda ngaphansi egqoke umnqwazo wasebukhosini. Futhi enye yayimelelwe Yiqiniso, Minerva (nomvikeli Sciences), kanye sported amagama "Kuphumelele." Ngesandla sobunxele unkulunkulukazi ephakanyiswe isibani, futhi ilungelo ubambe umqhele umfire ngasezinyaweni zakhe wahlala isikhova ne imfanelo isayensi: umqulu wonke. indondo yesiliva kumnyama wabheka efanayo, kodwa senziwa elinama ezahlukene. Owesifazane ukhishwa isihloko "igolide medalist" phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander II kuphela. Futhi izindondo ayatholakala izinhlobo ezimbili, njengoba ingxenye izikole okusezingeni eliphezulu besifazane babe ngaphansi ukusekelwa Empress Maria Alexandrovna, futhi engxenyeni yesibili wayephethe Ministry of Education. Ohlangothini reverse of the lwemali Empress kuvezwa eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "uyakufanelekela sebephothulile e isikole samantombazane", okuyinto zifakelwe ku tangle imivini kanye izindondo ezikhonzayo kuvezwa zonke izimfanelo efanayo Minerva isayensi. Ngaphambili ohlangothini izindondo ezimbili kwaba okufanayo: "iNdlovukazi iphrofayela seNdlovukazi isithombe esibhalwe . Empress Maria Alexandrovna" Ngemva umvikeli we impumelelo yabesifazane isayensi, waba umka-uNicholas II, Maria Feodorovna, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isithombe sakhe is wanyathela ohlangothini olulodwa lwemali.

Izindondo eU.SSR

Kulesi, cishe enjalo, njengoba ukuthi uzothatha indondo yegolide lisekhona 1917, ke nomvuzo umile kwaze 1945. Ngemva kwempi, SNK zegolide nezesiliva izindondo futhi waqala ukwenza round ayigugu metal zemali. Ngo-1954 kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise igolide isampula aphansi (ukwehlisa izindleko). Kuze 1960, ensimbini eyigugu yasetshenziselwa kuphela njengoba sputtering, futhi umklomelo lendondo yesiliva nhlobo wayeka kusukela 1968. Kusukela ngo-1977, ngenxa yezinguquko ijazi USSR izikhali, waqala ukuveza entsha futhi kuzuzise. Manje wasebusika (igolide inkanyezi gqizisa engxenyeni engenhla ke) wanikwa abafundi yimpumelelo.

izindondo Modern igolide

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, republic ngamunye uye wethula igolide yayo izindondo, isibonakaliso ayo nezithombe. Ngezinye izivivinyo yokungena eyunivesithi indondo yegolide saba amalungelo athe, ngoba ayenelungelo ukwenza kuphela interview noma uma bephumelela kulolo ukuhlolwa kuqala ngemibala flying. Ngemva kokushintsha oda luhlolo (ukwethulwa UKUSETSHENZISWA) indondo yegolide waya "zikhulisa umphefumulo" zabanikazi, kodwa akukho indima ngesikhathi yokuvuma akazange ukudlala. Ingabe-ke abafuna abafundi zamanje? Elingaziwa.