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Imvelaphi yokuphila Cro-magnon

Cro-magnon ubhekwa okhokho abantu yesimanje, owayehlala emhlabeni ngasekupheleni (noma phezulu) we Paleolithic (iminyaka eyinkulungwane 40-12 edlule). Igama lolu hlobo lwabantu bakudala zazivela Cro-magnon emhumeni, etholakala engxenyeni ntshonalanga yeFrance. Kwakulapho e 1868, isazi semivubukulo Lui eliphezulu lapho bemba bakhubekile lapho izinsalela Kunabantu abaningi basendulo, okuyinto, by yabo ukubukeka ayehlukile kuzo Neanderthal amathambo atholakala ngaphambili, zifana nezindlu Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens). ngokushesha Nakhodka, ogama yobudala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 30, yabakhanga ososayensi abaye bahlola umlando naleso sikhathi, eqinisweni mayelana yokuphila Cro-magnon ke akukho lutho olwaziwa. Eminyakeni eyalandela, izinsalela zabo, namanye amathuluzi nazo ezitholakala kwezinye izindawo (Mladech futhi Dolni Vestonice eCzech Republic, Peyvilend eNgilandi, Peştera cu Oase eRomania Murzak-Koba eCrimea, Sungir eRussia Mezhirech e-Ukraine fish Hoek, eCape Flats e-Afrika, nokunye. d.).

Umsuka nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe

Umsuka wegama Cro-magnon kuze kube namuhla abaqondanga ngokuphelele. Ngaphambili, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu labetibambile theory kaMarx umsuka lolu hlobo phansi ekhuluma ngabantu basendulo. Uma ukholwa ukuthi ke, lo Cro-magnon kuyinto ozalweni a Neanderthal. Izazi eziningi zanamuhla baye bangabaza lo mbono. Basuke bayichezukisa ukukholelwa ukuthi AmaNeanderthal futhi Cro-Magnons bavela kukhokho oyedwa, bese ngamunye kubo waqala ukufikelwa nihlukane.

ososayensi Modern abakwazi ngokwengeziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni eqinisweni, okhokho wokuqala yomuntu yesimanje kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yaleli zwe futhi uma ncamashi okwenzekile. Inguqulo evamile ukuthi Cro-Magnons kwamiswa njengoba zinhlobo ehlukile eminyakeni 200-000 edlule, futhi kwenzeka esempumalanga yeAfrika. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-70,000, banayo ukuthola umhlaba omusha ukuphila waqala uthuthe kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Yingakho omunye Cro-magnon ugcwale yonke iMpumalanga Eseduze nase-Indian Ocean, kanye nezinye iyiswe enyakatho bafinyelela emazweni ase-Asia Minor futhi Sea Northern Black. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani Homo sapiens yavela eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 40-45 edlule.

ukubukeka

wabheka kanye Cro-Magnons? Kunabantu abaningi basendulo, ezimbiwa phansi indoda sihluke yesimanje isakhiwo ngabanye emzimbeni futhi ubukhulu bobuchopho. Ngokuphambene, abameleli Homo sapiens owawufana abantu lanamuhla, kodwa babengesibo emikhulu. Imiphumela yemivubukulo baye bavumela ukuba uthole ukuthi le ndoda Cro-magnon, abahlala Europe lasendulo, azuzwe ukukhula 180 cm (besifazane babengoFakazi ephansi), nobuso bunjengobuso ezibanzi amehlo ejulile setha. Umthamo ubuchopho bomuntu ezihlakaniphile kwaba 1400-1900 cubic amasentimitha, okuhambelana kangakanani kokwabantu yesimanje. Indlela Yokuphila Cro-Magnons, okwadingeka ukuba usinde ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima bezikhathi zasendulo, waba nesandla ekwakhiweni banayo evuthiwe yemisipha.

ukuphila

abantu sidilizwa wahlala emiphakathini ogama inombolo lafinyelela abantu 100. Babenza imisebenzi esemqoka abebezingela futhi ukudla ukuhlangana isitshalo. Yibona abaqala ukwenza amathuluzi kusukela amathambo nezimpondo. Njengoba sihambisana nale, baye baqhubeka ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngamathuluzi. imikhiqizo Lighter ethuthukisiwe baye bavumela ukuba ukukhiqiza ukudla okuningi, thunga izingubo, baziqambela amathuluzi lula khona kwabo. Ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi abantu basendulo ngenkathi lakhiwe kahle inkulumo.

izindlu

Cro-magnon indoda namanje waqhubeka ehlala emihumeni, kodwa kakade yaqala ukubonakala izinhlobo ezintsha kwezindlu. Bafunda indlela ukwakha amatende eyizingqabavu eyenziwe isilwane izikhumba, ukhuni bone. izindlu ezinjalo zingasuswa, ukuze ukuphila Cro-magnon uyekile ixazululwe. Ezulazulayo kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngenjongo ukuthuthukiswa emazweni amasha, bayiswa zezindlu kanye nomnotho. Cro-Magnons bengamadoda lokuqala nezakudala ngubani ephethwe yokulawula inja futhi ulisebenzise njengendlela umsizi.

Amadlozi lesintu wayekade lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa okwandile ukuzingela. Lokhu kufakazelwa uyathola eziningi zezilwane izibalo, abagwazwe imicibisholo, wathola lapho bemba imizana. Izindonga zayo izindlu lasendulo abantu kuhlobisa izithombe kwezilwane nokuzingela izigcawu.

izimayini ukudla

Hunting siqine ukuphila we Cro-magnon. I namaqiniso Stone Age babe yokuthi, ukuze, ukuze ukuzondla kwakudingekile ukubulala. Thina ezingelwa abakhileyo amaqembu kule planethi yethu ahlelwe kahle abantu 10-20 lasendulo. Izisulu zokushushiswa yabo baba izilwane ezinkulu (mammoth, izimpisi, mammoth obhejane, amabhere, izinyamazane, inyathi). Ukubhubhisa isilo, basinikeza nemiphakathi yabo eningi izikhumba futhi inyama. Izinsimbi zomculo eyinhloko ukubulawa kwezilwane ngesikhathi Cro-Magnons babe throwers umkhonto anyanisi. Ngaphezu ukuzingela, bona babehilelekile ekubambeni izinyoni nezinhlanzi (esimisweni sokuqala esetshenziswa abantu kubeka ugibe, futhi owesibili - harpoons nameva).

Ngaphezu inyama kanye nenhlanzi, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka abantu yesimanje kudliwe izitshalo ukudla ezikhulayo zasendle. Ukudla AmaNeanderthal futhi Cro-magnon sifana kakhulu. Badla konke imvelo wabanika (amagxolo, amaqabunga izithelo zemithi, sifanamsindvo, izimbali kanye izimpande zezitshalo, utshani, amakhowe, amantongomane, izimila zasolwandle nokunye. D.).

yokungcwaba

Ngezinye Cro-Magnons babe amasiko ezithakazelisayo nokungcwaba. nezihlobo zakhe esezafa bakufaka ethuneni endaweni isigamu-insaliwe. Izinwele zawo lihlotshiswe inetha, izandla - namasongo, nobuso wambozwa ngamatshe flat. Izidumbu Vuvuzela efile ocher abomvu. abantu basendulo babekholelwa kwelizayo, ngakho wangcwatshwa izihlobo zabo ndawonye impahla yasendlini, imihlobiso nokudla, njengoba ngiqiniseka ukuthi uzodinga kubo ngemva kokufa.

Cultural Revolution Cro-magnon

Abantu owaphila ngasekupheleni Paleolithic, etholakale eziningana eyayibenza kakhulu ziphumelela kangcono e ekuthuthukiseni impucuko ababengaphambi zabo. Ukuze sifinyelele main kokusungulwa insengetsha inoveli indlela ukucubungula kwabo umlando ngemvume enesihloko esithi "Indlela ummese-like ipuleti." Le ukutholakala iye yashintsha womshini amathuluzi. Indlela sasihlanganisa yokuthi kusukela qhuzwana itshe (nucleus) noma kwawona enxusa amapuleti ngabanye kuyiphi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ekhiqizwa kamuva. Ngenxa ubuchwepheshe obusha zabantu nezakudala baye bafunda ukuphuma eyodwa kilogram ka-silicon 250 cm onqenqemeni ukusebenza (AmaNeanderthal akazange idlule 220 cm, nabangaphambi yabo kwaba ngokulambisa 45 cm).

Ayikho ngaphansi okwakubaluleke kokutholakala Cro-magnon amathuluzi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane. Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuzingela, ngabantu basendulo baqaphela ukuthi amathambo, izimpondo kanye eyangaba kwezilwane zinezikhathi amandla aphezulu. Waqala ukwenza kwabo imikhiqizo qualitatively entsha ukuze lula ukuphila kwakhe. Kwakukhona ithambo izinaliti futhi ukuthunga, ngakho kwaba lula ukwenza izingubo aphume isilwane izikhumba. izinto zokusetshenziswa Animal zaqala ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni amakhaya amasha, kanye okuphuma ke ngemihlobiso imifanekiso. Development of izinto ezintsha kuye kwaholela kokusungulwa ezingcono ukuzingela ngezibhamu - umkhonto throwers no-anyanisi. Lezi amadivayisi baye bavumela Cro ukubulala izilwane kaningi kunabo ngamandla kanye nosayizi.

Ukubona ukuphila Cro-magnon akuyona kuphela ekusindeni endle. abantu komlando ziye zafuna ephelele. Zayishiya nenzalo yabo eningi imisebenzi yobuciko. Lokhu imidwebo mural nasemihumeni, futhi umhlobiso ehlotshisiwe amathuluzi esiyingqayizivele, futhi wenziwe insengetsha, ubumba, amathambo eyangaba eziqoshiwe zinyathi, amahhashi, izinyamazane nezinye izilwane. Cro-magnon sidilizwa indoda bakhuleka ubuhle isifazane. Phakathi uyathola, wathola abavubukuli, zikhona izibalo eziningi ucansi fair. Ngemuva amafomu ukuziphakamisa izazi-mlando zanamuhla baye okuthiwa kubo "Venus."

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