Perm kanjani ubudala, umlando walo muzi, ezikhangayo futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kukhona emadolobheni amaningi amahle eRussia. Iningi lazo ungakwazi ukuziqhayisa zalo ezikhangayo, umlando ocebile, nature enhle futhi ezihlukahlukene amaqiniso athakazelisayo. idolobha ngalinye zihlukaniswa nomkhathi wawo ahlukile, futhi izici isici ahlukile kuye. Iyathinteka futhi edolobheni elimangalisayo Perm. Yena ngempela okufanele athole ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngoba ifa emlandweni nasemasikweni. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa edolobheni, uthole ukuthi mingaki iminyaka lasePerm, zalo ezikhangayo nokuningi.

Perm: ujenene Uhlolojikelele

Leli dolobha emangalisayo itholakala engxenyeni European wezwe lakithi. Umuzi sokuqondisa se Perm Krai. Futhi lapha ethekwini, esemgwaqweni eMfuleni Kama. Perm - kuba idolobha elikhulu nge inqwaba yezakhamuzi. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2016, abantu balapha kwaba abantu 1.041.876, okuyinto ngempela eliphezulu. Isimo megacities Perm wathola ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-70 XX leminyaka. Yiqiniso, abantu abaningi banesithakazelo minyaka eminingi kangaka edolobheni lasePerm. Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuzoxoxwa ngawo kamuva.

Futhi wathi ukuthi edolobheni inenani ezokuthutha obalulekile. Ngaphezu echwebeni, lena enkulu Logistics ihabhu kusukela idolobha isendaweni sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Kukhona evuthiwe ezimbonini eziningi. Kodwa idolobha okungukuthi hhayi kuphela elikhiqizayo, kodwa futhi angokwesayensi nolwazi isikhungo.

Uneminyaka emingaki Perm, lapho umuzi yasungulwa?

Ngakho sasihlangana nge jikelele ulwazi mayelana nalesi sigodi. Ngempela, Perm - idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke, umlando okuyinto sabekwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Kukhona izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile ezenzeka. Yiqiniso, kumelwe sicabangele futhi ukhulume minyaka eminingi kangaka lasePerm. It yasungulwa ngekhulu XVIII. Uma sikhuluma usuku oluthé ngqo, kwenzeka ngo-1723. It kuvela ukuthi engu-umuzi eminyakeni 293 ubudala. Ngo 2023 Perm uyomgubhela unyaka wayo 300th. Yiqiniso, uma kuqhathaniswa nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia, Perm - aliwona umuzi elidala ezinjalo, kodwa linomlando othakazelisayo, okuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, amanye isikhathi ndawo ngokuthi Molotov. Kwathi eminyakeni 40 XX leminyaka. Kodwa maduze nje, ngo-1957, leli dolobha liqanjwe kabusha emuva.

Mhlawumbe, abaningi abanesifiso sokwazi nini usuku edolobheni lasePerm. Lo mkhosi lugujwa minyaka yonke ngosuku oluthile - 12 Juni.

Ngakho, sithola ithuba lokwazana kangcono leli dolobha elihle, ukwazi Perm emingaki, kanye nosuku isisekelo salo. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukutshela ngomlando edolobheni. Kuye kwaba ocebile izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo njalo.

Okuncane igama ledolobha

Amagama ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zihlale okunabileko. Eqinisweni, abanye Kulula ukuqagela ngalokho izwi zenzeka. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngazo zonke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuba uqonde okushiwo igama, ngaphandle asebenzise imithombo eyengeziwe. Abantu abaningi kangaka esetshenziswa igama "Perm" futhi abaqapheli ukuthi kusho.

Igama uvele ezikhathini zasendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba ngenxa ulimi Veps. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amagatsha Baltic nezilimi Finnish. Igama lisho "ezweni elikude". Futhi kuhlongozwe ezinye izinguqulo ngemvelaphi izwi. Omunye wabo uthi ke livela Permian Komi elithi "ushintsho", okusho ukuthi "kude" noma "Parma" (elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ihlathi"). Manje kuba sobala lapho evela igama edolobheni lasePerm.

Umlando edolobheni lasePerm: njengokuvela kwalo?

Le ndawo lalakhiwe eside ngaphambi kwabonakala imizana kuqala. Ngo Perm, yathela eziningi yemivubukulo, okwaphumela izinto ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezahlukene ezihlobene nesikhathi ezahlukene Kuye kwatholakala. Ekhulwini XVII insimu lokho manje edolobheni ingeyamakhosi abathengisi Stroganov. Kwakukhona imizana eminingana, isibonelo, ngafike emzaneni Zaostrovka ngokuthi mullahs Upper.

isizinda Perm, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, libhekisela 1723. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwaqala ukwakhiwa zalesi sihlahla zethusi yokuncibilikisa ithusi. Kazi yilezi preconditions wayekhona ekusungulweni edolobheni lapha? It is ukuthi 1720 waya lapha VN eyaziwa Tatishchev ngaphansi oda uPetru I. Lokhu kwakudingekile ukuze ukhethe indawo ukwakhiwa ezizayo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Wakhetha emzaneni othiwa Yegoshikha, ngoba lokhu lapho kwakukhona izinqolobane zethusi emkhandweni wensimbi.

Futhi, isiphetho sinendawo ezokuthutha evumayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, iphrojekthi sivunyiwe, futhi lapha ukwakhiwa zalesi sihlahla waqala. Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi, lapho yasungulwa ngumphakathi, futhi uthole ukuthi mingaki iminyaka izovuleka edolobheni lasePerm. Sifunda ukuthi izinto kulezi zindawo ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe edolobheni.

Umlando alandelayo Perm

Yiqiniso, iyathakazelisa indlela edolobheni athuthukiswe. Kancane kancane zasondela edolobheni athuthukile. Ngo 1780, uCatherine II wanquma usethe eduze ekhona isitshalo idolobha elisha - Perm. Ngemva kwalokho, lo muzi baqala ngenkuthalo bakhiwe, kwakukhona izakhiwo ezakhiwe ahlukahlukene izikhungo ezisemthethweni, imigwaqo nokunye okuningi. Kakade 1796, yasungulwa Isifundazwe Perm, maphakathi elaba Perm.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, omuzi aqala ikhule kakhulu kunakucala. Ekupheleni XIX leminyaka kwaqala ukwakhiwa ojantshi e tinkhombandlela eziningana. Ngesikhathi lapho ngaqala ukuvula up ezikhungweni ezahlukene ezihlobene ubuciko, amasiko isayensi. Opera kanye Ballet Theatre Yakhiwa, kanye ebhayisikobho kuqala.

Nokho, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa okuye kwathinta Perm, kanye nezinye imizi Russia. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva.

Revolution nenkathi yamaSoviet

Njengoba yaziwa, umlando edolobheni lasePerm has a lot of izenzakalo. Omunye wabo - ukuvukela uMbuso. Ngo-1917, kwenzeka lapha. Ngo-November 8, edolobheni kwafika izindaba ukuthi Okthoba Revolution waqala. Ekuqaleni, cishe wonke amalungu City Council Niye nalahla abahambayo. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ingqungquthela, okuyinto ezamenyezelwa ukusungulwa kwamandla Soviet.

Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, labantu kulo muzi ukhulile kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1939 isibalo abakhileyo liye landa izikhathi eziningi phezu, inezinkulungwane ezingamashumi 84. Ukuze 306 ayizinkulungwane. Man. Kodwa kakade nge 1970 Perm baba emadolobheni.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, nomuzi wawungowegolide ngenkuthalo bazibandakanye ekulweni abahlaseli. Iningi amabhizinisi lalowo muzi kwathiwa isetshenziselwe izinjongo wezempi. Kube lahlelwa ukukhiqizwa nezinhlamvu, izikhali, amakhemikhali ejenti.

zokungcebeleka edolobheni

Sesike asebenzelana ngayo inani leminyaka edolobheni lasePerm, kuka-ke yazini lokhu edolobheni, kanye bajwayelane nomlando wayo. Umuzi ine eziningi ezikhangayo, okuyizinto ngizoqiniseka ukuthi ngiyakutshela. Ngokuvamile e Perm zingatholakala izikhumbuzo ahlukahlukene yezakhiwo. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuyinto Indlu Meshkov. Lena isibonelo esihle Russian classicism isitayela. Akunakwenzeka ukuba banake esinye isakhiwo emangalisayo - Indlu Gribushin. It sadalwa kwesikhashana, isakhiwo senziwa isitayela Art Nouveau.

Njengakwamanye amadolobha amaningi Perm kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukuze VI Lenin. Anakho isimo akhethekile likhona ohlwini ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lavulwa ngo-1955. Umuzi ine a izikhumbuzo empeleni esasisesisha. Ngokwesibonelo, sikhumbuzo samatshe "Legend of Perm Bear" lapha sivulwe 2006. Ukuqopha lithole ithandwa enkulu futhi esakazwa kabanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, salandelwa zethusi wathuthela kwenye indawo.

Esiveza e Perm, kufanele nakanjani uhlole emangalisayo ezindaweni ezifana uMbhishobhi sika indlu, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral nokunye okuningi.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo edolobheni

Yiqiniso, ngenxa yomlando walo onothile, Perm lizungezwe eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Sekuvele adiliza ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana emzaneni, ezikhangayo nokuningi. Safunda ukuthi mingaki iminyaka Perm selivele likhona, wokugubha usuku edolobheni. Kufanele nakanjani ukutshela amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nomuzi.

Ngo-1842, umlilo omkhulu uqalwe edolobheni, okuholela lonke ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi muzi wachithwa. Siyazi futhi ukuthi ngo-1914 kwaba khona kukazamcolo. Kama River kuyachichima waphuphuma emadolobheni amaningana. Izinga amanzi khona, sesinyukele by kakhulu ngendlela 11 amamitha. ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izitembu lokuqala aseSoviet ekhishwe Perm.