1237. Izinkundla eRussia futhi ngokuqinisekile ijoka Mongol-Tatar

Umlando Russia amumethe ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ezivelayo nasemfanekisweni ku ingxubevange eliqhakazile zemihla eziningi zofakazi nozalo lwabo. Izinto zashintsha futhi omunye zikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyisimo 1237. Izinkundla eRussia, okuyinto idume lesi sikhathi esithile, kwaba yingqopha-mlando hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuphila labantu, kodwa futhi i-course jikelele umlando.

Ukudalwa Golden zidlamlilo

1237 kwaphawula ukuqala ekunqotshweni Russia by amaMongol. Eshumini yokuqala yekhulu XIII kwaphawulwa ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane zidlamlilo Golden - isimo esisodwa, eyayihlanganisa kanye disparate futhi ukuphila kwabo izizwe ayimizulane of emaqeleni-Mongolian. Ezinye zazo egqoka yobuhlanga igama "AmaTatar". Ukuze izakhamuzi of Russia kwakusho yimaphi amaqembu ezinhlanga yakhiwa labantu Golden zidlamlilo.

UKhan Omkhulu nombusi isimo ezamenyezelwa the Umkhuzi-Mongolian uTemüjin (e 1206), wathola isihloko uGenghis Khan.

Ngentshiseko ngesandla uma wakwazi ukwakha ibutho elikhulu, elaqala impi ukunqoba, siphazamise inkululeko ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane kanye namazwe. Ngineminyaka engu azihlukile neRussia. Ngekhulu le-13 kwaba "black" ukuze alale naye.

wamabutho Conquest of Genghis Khan kwakungamadodana yi zezizwe ayimizulane wabelusi ziyofuna amadlelo angcono entsha. Ngaphambi amaMongol-AmaTatar weza eRussia, bona ababoshwa insimu e-Asia Ephakathi. Ibutho mbuso owadalwa Ngaphezu lemali esetshenziswa amacebo abo kokuthola ukusabisa ngokwengqondo onke esitha; abakhileyo uthi yanqoba okwalapha wabhubhisa amaqhawe uGenghis Khan nabasizi bakhe.

Yini eyenzeka ngo-1237?

Ukungqubuzana lokuqala olukhulu Russian ibutho uGenghis Khan senzeka ngo 1223 kwi emfuleni Kalka.

ukwahlukana amakhosi asendulo, wokulwa phakathi izikhulu kanye nokuntuleka umuntu owayengakwazi bakulelo zwe hlanganani futhi ngokuphumelelayo uphathe, kuye kwaholela yokuthi impi lalahleka. izikhathi ezinzima baye bafinyelela Russia. Ngekhulu le-13 elalibhalwe inki olunegazi emlandweni ngalesi simo.

AmaMongol AmaTatar akagcinanga lapho futhi baqhubeka ukuthuthela Europe. Ibutho eholwa onekhono nomzukulu wakhe uGenghis Khan - Batu. I imakwe ubekade 1237? Izinkundla eRussia, Ngokuqhubeka uchungechunge kwezithiyo kanye ukunqotshwa isiRashiya, kwaba Umfutho ohambweni olude enqoba amabutho.

Winter kulo nyaka waqala lapho umuntu eba Golden zidlamlilo ku Ryazan ubukhulu. IziKronike ukusho ukuthi Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi kwenziwa izinsuku 5 noma 6. Izakhamuzi wazama zime, kodwa kwaba kukhulu kakhulu umehluko isibalo sabantu futhi ekwazi ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ryazan ngokuthi ukusiza Prince uVladimir Elikhulu, ngubani, Nokho, akazange ukophula komakhelwane bawo. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba ukubhujiswa Ryazan, bese eminye imizi North-East kanye South-West of Russia.

On ekwindla ka Ryazan ekutshela "indaba ka ukubhujiswa ryazan", omunye ogama izinhlamvu baba Yevpaty Kolovrat, idume isibindi sakhe bese ulwela ukuphefumula zokugcina ngokumelene abahlaseli. Ngemva kokubhujiswa umuzi wabuthana Yevpaty abasindé axotshana amaMongol. Ngo empini, wabeka eziningi amasosha, kodwa ekugcineni wafa ukukhazimulisa igama lakhe, futhi isibindi ka Ryazan.

Kuchubeka umkhankaso Mongol

Ngemva eMoscow Ryazan, uVladimir uthunjiwe. Njengoba enqoba amazwe asenyakatho-empumalanga yeRussia, amaMongol wabuyela ekhaya nokuphumula sithole amandla. Kodwa kakade 1239 kwabuya ukuthi zilawule neningizimu yeRussia. Ngawo lowo nyaka wawela Pereyaslavl futhi Chernigov ubukhulu, futhi 1240 - Kyïv.

Lezi uzuza kwi eside iminyaka 240 elisungulwe Russia amaMongol-Tatar ijoka, ngaphansi kwejoka sabantu abaphethwe zonke.

1237. Izinkundla eRussia: Imiphumela

Ukuhlaselwa AmaTatar kwaba isizathu ukuthi izwe Russian kude ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho kanye namasiko amazwe aseYurophu. Wanyamalala yezandla eziningi, lapho abantu kwenza eziphilayo ngaphambi kokufika abanqobi. Igazi 1237, umcimbi eRussia okwaholela ukuvaleka okuphawulekayo kwenkululeko inqubomgomo angaphandle, uye zakunciphisa othintana principalities Russia namanye amazwe. Manje uxhumano zangaphandle ziye igxile kuphela Golden zidlamlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu Russia waphoqeleka ukuthi ngincome abanqobi ukuze asule kuphangwa kwabo okulimazayo kubulawe esinonya nezakhamuzi.

Kubi, ngilinga ngokuba Rus principalities labantu babo kwaba nenkathi yeminyaka 1237-1240. Izinkundla eRussia (kokunqotshwa amaMongol AmaTatar) kuye kwaholela ekuncipheni umoya sabantu, ukuze izintela emuva-breaking danyam ukuthi ayezama ukushweleza amaMongol-AmaTatar, ukusungulwa kwamandla eside we kanye ayimizulane, futhi kamuva waba abantu ukuba nenkani kakhulu futhi enamandla.