Calcium oxide. Izakhiwo, ezishisayo futhi amakhemikhali. Isicelo.

Calcium oxide - omhlophe crystalline kwakwakhe. Amanye amagama kulolu ketshezi - quicklime, i-calcium oxide, "Killer Bee", "quicklime". Calcium oxide kabani ifomula Cao, futhi ukusabela umkhiqizo wawo nge (H2O) amanzi - Ca (OH) 2 ( "pushonka" noma slaked lime) baye bathola isicelo ebanzi ekuhwebeni isakhiwo.

Uyithola kanjani i-calcium oxide?

1. Industrial inqubo ukulungiswa ketshezi ungaphakathi ezishisayo (ngaphansi ukushisa) ukunwetshwa limestone (i-calcium carbonate) :

CaCO3 (limestone) = Cao (calcium oxide) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)

2. Calcium oxide ingaphinda okulungiselelwe ukusabela izinto ezilula:

2Ca (calcium) + O2 (i-oksijini) = 2CaO (calcium oxide)

3. Indlela yesithathu lokuveza calcium oxide kuyinto noqhekeko ezishisayo-calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) ne-calcium nosawoti of acid eziningana elingenawo umoya-aqukethe:

2Ca (NO3) 2 (calcium nitrate) = 2CaO (ikhemikhali etholakala) + 4NO2 (nitrogen oxide) + O2 (i-oksijini)

Izakhiwo zanoma calcium oxide

1. Ukubukeka: kwakwakhe crystalline umbala omhlophe. Thayipha i-sodium acacisa chloride (NaCl) e ebusweni igxile cubic crystal ngehele.

2. mass izinyo lomhlathi of 55,07 amagremu / imvukuzane.

3. konga 3.3 g / santimetr³.

izakhiwo Thermal-calcium oxide

1. lokushisa ukuncibilika kuyinto 2570 degrees

2. abilayo iphuzu 2850 degrees

3. izinyo lomhlathi ukushisa umthamo (at kwezimo ezijwayelekile) kuyinto 42,06 J / (Mol · K)

4. enthalpy kumiswa (ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile) ka -635 kJ / Mol

I izakhiwo chemical-calcium oxide

Calcium oxide (CAO ifomula) - kuyinto oxide eziyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, unga:

- oncibilikayo emanzini (H2O) ekukhishweni zamandla. Loku-calcium hydroxide. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kanje:

Cao (calcium oxide) + H2O (amanzi) = Ca (OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) + 63.7 kJ / Mol;

- ukuxubana acid kanye acid oxides. Kulesi yakha usawoti. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ukusabela:

Cao (calcium oxide) + SO2 (sulphur dioxide) = CaSO3 (calcium sulfite)

Cao (calcium oxide) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid) = CaCl2 (calcium chloride) + H2O (amanzi).

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium oxide:

1. amavolumu main phambi kwethu izinto asetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa Silica isitini ekwakhiweni. Ngaphambili, lime wokushiswa yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo lime usimende. Yakhe yahunyushwa ngokuxuba ngayo amanzi (H2O). I kwaphumela calcium oxide sidlulile phakathi hydroxide okuyinto ke, ngokumunca asemkhathini carbon dioxide (CO2), kakhulu lukhuni, kuphenduke calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Nakuba kwakubiza eliphansi le ndlela, manje usimende lime cishe ungalokothi elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa, njengoba uyakwazi ukuncela futhi kahle buthelela uketshezi.

2. Njengoba calcia impahla refractory ofanele njengoba i material engabizi futhi lutholakale kalula. Tho calcium oxide has a ukumelana namanzi (H2O), okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengoba refractory, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ezibizayo engeke asebenze.

3. Esikhathini laboratories yokusetshenziswa Uthishanhloko-calcium oxide for iphele izinto ungathathi ngamawala nalo.

4. Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla izidakamizwa ibhalisiwe njengoba okufakiwe ukudla ngaphansi E 529. isiqu isetshenziswa njengenhlangano emulsifier ngoba ukudalwa ingxube eyohlobo non-miscible nomunye izinto - amanzi, amafutha kanye amafutha.

5. umkhakha calcium oxide isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-sulphur dioxide (SO2) kusukela amagesi flue. Ezisetshenzisiwe ngokuvamile isixazululo amanzi 15%. Ngenxa yokusabela lapho uxhumana lime hydrated ne-sulfur dioxide, Gypsum etholwe CaCO4 futhi CaCO3. Esikhathini ucwaningo, abacwaningi bafuna inkomba e 98% intuthu otchistki-sulfur dioxide.

6. Asetshenziswa "samogreyuscheysya" izitsha ezikhethekile. Isitsha nge inani elincane-calcium oxide athambekele phakathi kwezingange zombili ezazingasensimini bomkhumbi. Lapho kudutshulwa capsule ekusabeleni amanzi iqala lapho kukhululwa ukushisa ezinye.