Samovidets - kuyinto umbhali wencwadi encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla eyaqala XVII ekhulwini

isikhathi Kozachchiny ushiye uphawu omkhulu emlandweni Ukraine futhi ikakhulukazi emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian iyonke. Ukuze isizukulwane esizayo ube umbono ocacile inqubo zomlando izenzakalo yalesi sikhathi, abanye abalobi wadala zemihla Cossack.

Annals Samovydets

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu imithombo yokwaziswa mayelana Ukraine XVII ekhulwini kungenziwa ziyimisebenzi ukuthi wabhala Samovidets. Lokhu umbhali akaziwa, owahlala e ngokunembile inkathi yomlando okukhulunywa emthonjeni.

Kungani kubalulekile lokhu irekhodi? Okokuqala, izenzakalo ezenzeka ensimini ka-Ukraine yesimanje, ezibhalwe ngolimi ubudala Ukraine. Okwesibili, Samovidets - kuyinto umbhali, okuyinto kwakulula ukuchaza izenzakalo, ngoba kwaba cishe ingxenye kubo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi 'Annals Samovydets "imithombo kusukela mlando ubudala Russian cabanga iphesenti ephakeme isenzakalo isethulo ezithile. Uma sikhuluma, isibonelo, the "Tale of Iminyaka esidlule", iphesenti ukuqagela kule indaba kuyoba ephakeme, njengoba umlobi wayo, Nestor alikwazanga yobufakazi zezenzakalo ezenzeka emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba azalwe.

Zomlando ukugcwala umkhiqizo

Umcondvo lomcoka endzabeni, okuyinto eye yaba umsekeli Samovidets - lesi sifiso kokuhlanganiswa Ukraine neRussia kuze kube phakade. Umthombo wachaza ngokuningiliziwe izenzakalo ezenzeka esikhathini kusuka 1648 kuya eminyakeni 1702. Usuku lokuqalisa awuzange ekhethwe ithuba, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ukuqalisa impi kazwelonke-ukukhululwa kwabantu Ukrainian ngokumelene Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nokuyinto eyaphela ngo-1654. Umbhali likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe impi ebaluleke kakhulu empini. indima ebalulekile incazelo izenzakalo 1654, ikakhulukazi labo esenzeka Pereyaslav.

Yiqiniso, umbhali eveza umbono wakhe siqu. Embhalweni ungakwazi ngokuvamile baqonde ukuthi Samovidets - kuyinto umsekeli oshisekayo a amaqembu Cossack zezombusazwe. Umbhali echaza izici ezihlukahlukene internecine nokuhilizisana amaqembu kunjengesipho uhlobo emzabalazweni kanye nethonya isikhanyisela ngezenzakalo ezenzeka cishe izwe.

I omaphakathi zomlando, ngubani uchaza Samovidets - kuyinto Bogdan Khmelnitsky njengoba ideologue futhi umholi womzabalazo we-Ukraine, ikakhulukazi Cossacks namagunya Polish.

Ngubani kungaba nombhali umthombo?

Kuze 1840, mayelana "Annals Samovydets" cishe wayazi akekho. Omunye imisebenzi wathola uhlu eyaziwa umbhali Ukraine Panteleimon Kulish. Ukuhlaziya isethulo indaba, wafika esiphethweni sokuthi kuphela uMdali umsebenzi kungaba umhlanganyeli imicimbi esebenzayo. Kulish ikholelwa ukuthi lobu Usayitsheni Cossack Roman Cockleshell-Romanovsky.