I inkolo kwamazwe isonto

On izinguquko ezifana inkolo yamazwe abantu besonto, kwaba ekuqa- le nele-15 futhi 16. Kodwa kuphela ekhulwini le-18 ekugcineni wathatha isixazululo shape le nkinga. It is kuleli khulu leminyaka, isimo kwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ezibangelwa ngisho phakathi nokubusa Ivan III.

Inkolo - iyona ukuqedwa landholdings elikhulu esontweni. Futhi kwaba isikhathi eside lababusi Russian nesonto izwe uqedele le nqubo. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi kwenzeka njengoba nje kwekhulu le-18, akuyona ngephutha.

Ngesikhathi ukuhweba capitalism negalelo elikhulu kuye kwenziwa, futhi owawukhona mayelana esontweni ifomu emazweni amalungelo ukuthi liphazamisane. Umkhuba main kwaba iqiniso lokuthi izwe - ayewumkhiqizo usuka kuyo inzuzo. Lokhu kabusha ngempela wanelisa Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, ngabanikazi bomhlaba uyatholakala ukwencika eNgophezukonke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, emazweni isonto esenziwa ubunjalo ekhethekile ukusetshenziswa yayo engakaze nahlukanisiwe. Abefundisi ubengase inamathele kuyo, kodwa kungenzeka nganoma iyiphi indlela bachithe.

Lokho kwaba imbangela kuphela ezivamile lomkhuba ebizwa ngokuthi "inkolo kwamazwe isonto." Kwakukhona nezinye izizathu, ake sithi, owenziwa ngasese ngaphezulu. Iqiniso lokuthi yonke inqubomgomo maqondana ezweni Russian kuncike kakhulu ezintweni yezikhulu. Lokhu nenqaba yokubusa kwamakhosi konke ezingakwenza ukuze sandise Holdings zabo, kuyilapho etholakalayo ezweni imithombo ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi isimo cishe sikhathele siyingcuba. Kodwa izwe emaphethelweni nandaba. Izikhulu yahlulelwe ukuthi inkolo izigodi isonto futhi abalimi wayeyonikeza isisekelo esihle, okuyinto kwakuyobenza bakwazi ukuba sandise eminye.

Vakaza umuntu isikhathi eside ayikwazanga ukunquma ekuphulweni nyunyana, eyasungulwa kusukela ubungani neSonto noMbuso. Kuphela engxenyeni kwekhulu le-18 yesibili, amandla Inhloso lanqoba. Ngemva uchungechunge kunyakaza ngu-Peter III 1762 wakhipha dokhumenti, owawungumnyaka isizathu kudalwa ekhethekile ukonga nozakwethu abangathanda ukulawula zonke fiefdoms kobufundisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo beyalwa ukuba asuswe ukulawula zonke nabantu abagade abefundisi. Abalimi efanayo abasebenze izigodi isonto, ngaphambilini esikhundleni izibopho odlule ukukhokha intela phezulu intela ruble ikhanda ngalinye. Ngakho, ukusetshenziswa ongumlimi komhlaba wahlala, bona eshayisa esontweni patrimonial, kodwa izwe ngaphambili awuzange bawasebenzise (Mills, njll), kufanele unike uzimisele nezintela. Futhi yonke imali wathola anawo IBhodi elamiswa ngePhentekoste. Ngakho, kwetisebenti awuzange ngokweqile nenisindwayo, kodwa zonke izicelo ezenziwe ababusi, ingabe sasiyoba khona ngokushesha wabuyela abalimi.

Nokho, lo myalo wayelandela isikhathi esifushane. Kakade uCatherine Omkhulu force isimo okuhlukile izwe kwadingeka ukuba "iqhinga". I inkolo kwamazwe isonto obonwa ngesilinganiso yakhe ayeyithole ngendlela kubhekwe, isimemezelo kukhanselwe zawo abuyela ngezizathu zesonto, kuhlanganise futhi abalimi. Empress isivuliwe uphawu ngesikhathi uPetru III ikhaya esontweni futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuvuselelwa ithonya abefundisi ezindabeni ukucwaninga, njll

Ukhansele inkolo kwamazwe isonto sokucasuka izibhelu phakathi abalimi we sezindela. Futhi osesikhundleni kwaba, uma sikubeka kahle, engajabule. Ngenxa yalokho, Ekaterina Velikaya wathatha isixazululo entsha: sokumisa ukuqedwa ukunganaki bese udala ikhomishane icubungulisise ukufunda udaba. Ngesikhathi iNdlovukazi Wawusuyikhokhele siqiniseke ukuthi abefundisi njengoba ibutho zezombusazwe ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngemva oda wakhe yize okubangelwa bhongo ababhishobhi nokububula enamandla, kodwa ngokukhululekile akekho owaba nesibindi. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana esinqumweni 1764 bonke ababhishobhi, esiGungwini, isonto kanye sezindela izigodi ekugcineni idluliselwe nendawo ethile ye-Board. Kodwa emazweni esikhundleni abefundisi akhethiwe sebekholelwa abasebenzi okuqukethwe, futhi kamuva, ngesikhathi jikelele ezweni wezokwakha, futhi wathola iziza ezincane.

Omunye Awukwazi ukuphendula, lokho ngaphezulu waletha inkolo kwamazwe isonto, lihle noma libi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lesi sinyathelo sasimangalisa ngempela ekhulwini yakhe, lokho ngokuqinisekile.