Kuyini geography?

Ukudalula umbuzo yini isimo sendawo (G.), siphawula ukuthi ngempela uhlelo olubanzi isayensi okhuluma isifundo eningiliziwe ezindawo imvilophi Zomhlaba, futhi ambula amaphethini yesikhashana futhi ngekwendzawo. Ngakho-ke, etadisha geosphere (inhlabathi, uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, umoya, njll) kanye nezinhlelo Geological (namathafa, biogeocoenoses njll).

Izinhloso zalo isayensi kukhona imithetho indawo ukusungulwa oxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba, kanye inhlanganisela yawo emazingeni ocean kazwelonke, esifunda, kanye nephasi loke. Konke lokhu kwaba umfutho geography yesimanje igxile ulayini umkhakha eyala. Ngakho, ihlaba umkhosi geography zemvelo nezenhlalo. Ngesisekelo ungowokuqala landscape, landscape izakhiwo afunda, futhi geography, ukukhomba amaphethini igobolondo kwendawo. Lena ihlanganisa umkhakha-isayensi like Climatology, Oceanography, Hydrology nabanye.

Usucabanga ukuthi geography kuyinto yomphakathi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi liye ukutadisha inhlangano sendawo umphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-geography kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, amasiko nezenhlalo.

Kunoma yikuphi, iyiphi yalezi wesayensi umkhakha has omunye umgomo - ukufunda izindlela amayunithi indawo yamaqembu omphakathi, kwencazelo imigomo yesikhathi eside kanye nezinhloso ukudala indawo ephephile emvelweni lapho ukuthuthukisa umphakathi.

Basics lwesifundo babekwa emuva ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD. Futhi Yempucuko impumelelo kule ndawo aye yachaza kabusha, waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe. Ekhulwini XIX, Alexander von Humboldt futhi Karl Ritter wabeka izisekelo sokufundisa yesimanje zezemfundo. Kuze kube manje, kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi wesayensi eziyisikhombisa, njenge:

1.Matematicheskaya G. - izifundo geodesy nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, ngesisekelo lwati lolutfolakele ukwakha ibalazwe ezenziwa ezahlukene.

2. Geophysics - ehlangene cwaningo physics, yokuma komhlaba nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi.

3. Physical G:. Oceanography, yokuma komhlaba Climatology (meteorology) - synthesizes idatha umehluko sezulu ku surface eMhlabeni.

4. Uyini geography begazi? Lokhu isayensi kuhlanganisa:

a) G. izilwane (ezihlobene cwaningo emayelana nezilwane);

b) UMnu izitshalo - has uxhumano wezitshalo.

5. geography - isifundo eningiliziwe umlando ukuvela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

6. anthropogeography - esekelwe idatha kusuka anthropology, izibalo, ethnography, umlando, kanye G. kwemvelo nezinto eziphilayo

7. Umlando lwesifundo - uhlola ulwazi surface eMhlabeni, kanye ukubukwa kwendawo nasemiqondweni ethile.

Zonke lezi sciences kuhlobene. Uma sicabangela isibonelo, singabona ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko onguchwepheshe kulo mkhakha kuyinto wokutadisha ngokujulile zikuphi, okuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle sebelazi geography elihlobene ne G. yangasese

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho kuba isimo sendawo umphakathi wanamuhla, futhi indima oyifezayo lasungulwa nokuthuthuka, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka isayensi liaised ne lwazi aluthola emvelo, ezenhlalo, inqubo ukonga, ngoba lapha ukunakwa unikezwa ezweni abantu kanye nobudlelwane kwabo komunye nomunye futhi nemvelo, kanye namasiko nendlela yempilo nokunye.

Ngakho, kokucubungula ukuthi geography enjalo, kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi isayensi has enkulu ukuhlanganiswa ezinsiza, iletha ndawonye ezihlukahlukene eyala futhi izindlela zocwaningo zokubasiza ekubhekaneni nezindaba ezibalulekile ezikhathini zanamuhla - ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo abantu emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni.