Seal zilwane. Zingaki ngempela izinto eziphilayo ezimpawu khona

Seals - igama elivamile ezincelisayo zasolwandle, okuyinto esihlanganisa abameleli imindeni emibili: kwalobo lwezimpawu eared. Engingakusho nje Clumsy emhlabathini, bebhukuda otusekayo ngaphansi kwamanzi. endaweni Traditional kwendawo yazo - ezindaweni ezisogwini Ezindaweni eningizimu nasenyakatho. Seal zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona emvelweni, zihluke kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokubukeka kwabo, imikhuba kanye indlela yokuphila izici eziningi ezivamile.

Umsuka lwezimpawu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amadlozi ezincelisayo pinnipeds ngokukhululekile nake nahamba kuzo makwazeke emhlabeni. Kamuva, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezimo sezulu esiya siba sibi, ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba singaphindi singene emanzini. Kulokhu, cishe izimvu zamanzi kweqiniso futhi eared wavela esilwaneni uyavumelana ezahlukene.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amadlozi samanje, noma umuntu ovamile, izimvu zamanzi izidalwa efana imithini ukuthi eminyakeni million eziyishumi nanhlanu ezedlule iphutha eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Otariids ngaphezulu lasendulo - okhokho bakhe, cynomolgus ezincelisayo, eminyakeni million amabili nanhlanu edlule, wayephila esikhathini zindawo enyakatho ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean.

Umehluko ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba

umsuka Akuhlobene yala maqembu amabili ezimpawu kuqinisekisa umehluko okukhulu isakhiwo skeleton yabo. Ngakho, uphawu ezivamile kusezweni cishe olungenakuzisiza. On ogwini elele ngesisu sakhe, emaphikweni akhe phambi nimkhiphela ezinhlangothini futhi emuva kuthiwa zidonswa emhlabathini njengamanzi nomsila izinhlanzi sendleleni. Ukuze siqhubekele phambili, isilwane uphoqelekile ukuba njalo gxuma, ezihambayo umzimba wakho sinzima kakhulu.

uphawu eared, ngokuphambene, is ugxilile yomine imilenze. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emaphikweni awo phambi bunemisipha enamandla ngokwanele ukuba imelane isisindo emzimbeni sasivumela eningi, kuyilapho ezingemuva akuyona udonse ngemuva, futhi ukhiphe phambili futhi ibekwe ngaphansi esiswini. Ngokuvamile lesi silo uhamba "waddling", usebenzisa zonke amaphiko inqubo ukuhamba, futhi kungase "hobble" isivinini ehlonipheke kakhulu uma kunesidingo. Ngakho, uphawu uyakwazi ukusebenzisa eduze ogwini olunamadwala, ngisho ngokushesha kunokuba umuntu.

Njengoba lwezimpawu iflothi

Ngaphambili emaphikweni ezimpawu lincane kakhulu ezingemuva. Lesi sakamuva njalo aqhele futhi musa bend at joint isithende. Abakwazi ukwesekela lapho ukuhamba ezweni, kodwa emanzini isilwane aphinde abhukude abuyele sibonga kubo, okwenza imivimbo enamandla.

uphawu eared ihamba emanzini ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Sintanta efana penguin, forelegs ukusebenza ngesibindi. Hind Emaphikweni yena kuphela uba iphini.

incazelo jikelele

kwezinhlobo ezahlukene lwezimpawu kakhulu kuhluke obuphelele (cishe ngengxenye eyodwa nengxenye ukuba ngamamitha ayisithupha) kanye nesisindo umzimba (kwabesilisa - kusuka ayisikhombisa amakhilogremu kuya kumathani ezintathu). I enkulu phakathi lwezimpawu abavamile - indlovu zamanzi, kanye kencanikhulu - lwezimpawu ringed. seal eared, njengoba umthetho, akuzona njengoba enkulu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo, ingonyama ulwandle, zingakhula amamitha amane kanye esingaphezudlwana ezingaphezu kuka ton. Emincane kakhulu, ama Kerch noboya uphawu - uphawu, enesisindo kuphela abangaba yikhulu amakhilogremu futhi sifinyelele ubude ngamamitha nenxenye. Ngezinye lwezimpawu athuthukile dimorphism ngokocansi - abesilisa kakhulu ziphumelela kangcono zesifazane isisindo nomzimba yobukhulu bawo.

umumo uphawu emzimbeni Lifanele nokuhamba lula emanzini. Bonke babe i umzimba side, omude, intamo nezimo, umsila esifushane kodwa kahle ichazwe. Inhloko ngokuvamile encane, nezindlebe iyabonakala ngokucacile kuphela lwezimpawu eared; ngalesi ukuzwa efanayo zitho izimbobo ezincane ezinhlangothini ikhanda.

It esihlanganisa zonke izimvu zamanzi khona ungqimba obukhulu fat ongama, okuyinto eyenza okuhle ukushisa esitolo ngamanzi abandayo. Tyulenyata kwezinhlobo eziningi zizalwa, embozwe uboya obukhulu, okuyizinto akukho amasonto angaphezu kwamathathu (umbala waso, ngokuvamile omhlophe). Ungavali ngophawu yangempela (umuntu omdala) has a sezinwele anolaka kungekho evelele podpushka futhi indlovu lwezimpawu nhlobo bancishwa kuye cishe ngokuphelele. Kepha lezi zimvu zamanzi azizange eared, banayo downy podpushka ngokuphambene kungaba ngempela obukhulu, futhi ngezinye izimvu zamanzi kanye lapho usukhulile iqhubeka obukhulu noboya coat.

indlela yokuphila

kwezimvu eziningi zamanzi abahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini - lapho imisinga kwamanzi ukhuphuka uvela phansi emanzini agcwele izidalwa ezincane. Kulezi zindawo, ngathola eziningi nezilwane zasemanzini. Yena, sidliwe inhlanzi, adliwayo ngu lwezimpawu.

Kuyinto esidla inyama. Uphawu has a isakhiwo amazinyo, efana ezincelisayo ezidla inyama. Nguye yokuzingela licwila ekujuleni. Ngaphandle inhlanzi, izimvu zamanzi udle isikhuphashe, izinkalankala, cephalopods. Leopard ukuhlaselwa uphawu penguin ngezinye izikhathi nezinye, ezincane, izimpawu.

Lezi zidalwa ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa okushisa aphansi. Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi amanzi yokuphila, ukuphuma phezu kwezwe ukulala futhi ngezikhathi moulting futhi zizalela. Lapho diving uphawu, waphefumulela emakhaleni akhe futhi indlebe ukuvuleka zivaliwe uvalwe, singavumeli amanzi ukungena. kwezimvu eziningi zamanzi yamehlo, kodwa emehlweni akhe ingashintshwa ukuze bagcine ukuhamba emanzini nge ukukhanya ezincane.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela kwezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi kweqiniso ukudala i-pair. Esithenjini kuphela indlovu lwezimpawu kanye grey uphawu. Ukukhulelwa nabesifazane Uthatha kwezinsuku 280 ku 350, ngemva kwalokho ukukhanya livela umuntu cub - kuyinto ababonayo futhi bakheké ngokuphelele. Umama feeds kuye ubisi fat kusuka amasonto ambalwa ngenyanga, ephumula ibele ngesikhathi tyulenonok ungakakwazi ukuzenzela ukudla. Okwesikhathi esithile izingane zilambile, esisekhona ngezithukuthuku zigcine zanqwabelana fat.

Ngenxa noboya obukhulu obumhlophe, izikhumba elithatha cishe imperceptible ku ngemuva kweqhwa, tyulenonok osanda kuzalwa wathola isidlaliso "belok". Uphawu, Nokho, engazalwanga njalo emhlophe: amawundlu ulwandle onogwaja, isibonelo, umnqumo-nsundu ngombala. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bezama ukufihla izingane "izimbobo" kweqhwa phakathi ice hummocks, okuyinto enomthelela ziphile kangcono.

seal eared phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela bayahamba nezinkomo kahle esikhulu ezindaweni esekusithekeni angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini iziqhingi. Eyokuqala ukuthi uvele amabhange esilisa, okuyinto ozama ukuyokudla izindawo ngaphezulu, uhlele izimpi nomunye. Bese kuba khona owesifazane ngesikhathi rookery. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, yilowo nalowo kubo ubeletha cub, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, futhi abhanqiwe nowesilisa oqhubeka ukuvikela insimu yalo. owesilisa Ulaka otariids ozifela ukuphela Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela. Khona-ke lezi zilwane zingaphansi ekuqaleni isikhathi esengeziwe nokuningi ukuchitha emanzini. Ngo zindawo ukubanda, bona uthuthe ukuchitha khona ubusika, okuyinto kancane ukufudumala nokuningi izimo ezikahle ingagcinwa eduze nezindawo rookeries yabo unyaka wonke.

Imihlobo aziwa kakhulu ase-seal

Emndenini kunezimvu zamanzi, ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kuvela nesishiyagalombili nohlobo amabili nane.

Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Monk seal (white-bellied, Hawaii, Caribbean);
• indlovu lwezimpawu (enyakatho uye eningizimu);
• Ross uphawu;
• Weddell lwezimpawu;
• seal-cynomolgus;
• ingwe uphawu;
• darnel (ulwandle hare);
• seal hooded;
• seal abavamile nezimagqabhagqabha;
• seal (Baikalian, iCaspian kanye ringed);
• grey uphawu;
• seal ngehabhu;
• Cape (ezimthende uphawu).

Zonke izinhlobo uphawu lo mkhaya emelelwa nezilwane yeRussia.

eared lwezimpawu

nezilwane Modern kuhlanganisa nane noma nanhlanu zinhlobo ezimpawu eared. Basuke zihlelwe zaba amaqembu amabili amakhulu (subfamily).

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa zamanzi, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Northern (okuwukuphela igama elifanayo);
• Wik (South America, New Zealand, Galapagos, Kerguelen, fernandessky, Cape, Guadeloupe, subantarctic).

Kumiswa iqembu wesibili sea izingonyama :

• Sivuchya (enyakatho);
• California;
• olwaluhlala;
• Japanese;
• eningizimu;
• Australian;
• New Zealand.

Emanzini ezimpawu Russian alo mkhaya ethulwa Steller sea izingonyama nasenyakatho zamanzi ezinoboya.

ezivikelwe ezimpawu

Ngenxa Ukungenela komuntu ngekukhutsala emphilweni bemvelo, kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kuhlanganise zamanzi, namuhla engozini yokuqothulwa.

Ngakho, ngo-Red Encwadi Russia eqoshiwe kwezinhlobo eziningana zamanzi. Lokhu izingonyama ulwandle abahlala Kuril futhi Commander Islands futhi eKamchatka esifundeni. Futhi kubizwa ezingavamile uphawu nezimanakanaka, noma Larga, abahlala Ekude. Kuvikelekile manje kubhekwe a uphawu grey dlinnomordy noma tevyak. Sitholakala oLwandle iBaltic kanye Murmansk ogwini. On the esengozini nokuqothulwa ukuthi ringed seal - Far eyigugu uphawu zokudoba.

IRed Encwadi Ukraine liqukethe i-monk seal. isimo sokulondolozwa eziphilayo abalulwe ngokuthi "ayikho." Lena isilwane namahloni kakhulu has a engaba ongaphakeme wokuzala kanye nokuya akazange ukumelana khona abantu abaseduze. ezingaba yishumi kuphela ngazimbili ama-monk seal akha woLwandle Olumnyama, futhi emhlabeni namuhla inani labo liye abantu akukho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

uphawu ezivamile

Isikhumulo semikhumbi izimvu zamanzi esakazwa ku emikhawulweni yolwandle asenyakatho aseYurophu. Lolu hlobo eziphilayo kuqhathaniswa umzimba, ngokukhetha ngokuvamile ezindaweni Stony noma sandy ugu, iziqhingi e amatheku engajulile kanye kwamagoda nezizalo zemifula. Ukudla main ukhonza izinhlanzi ezingenamgogodla yasemanzini.

Cubs kuvame ozalwa lwezimpawu ogwini phakathi kukaMeyi no July, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa ithunyelwa emanzini. ubisi lukamama, bayadla cishe inyanga futhi isikhathi ukuthola le Ukudla okunomsoco ukuze amathathu amakhilogramu. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi lwezimpawu ubisi besifazane uthola semali izinsimbi ezisindayo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane ngenxa izinhlanzi sidliwe ke, amawundlu abaningi bayagula bafe.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo ingekho ohlwini njengoba ezivikelwe njengezindawo, isibonelo, nezimagqabhagqabha zamanzi ringed, sidinga futhi isimo sengqondo ngokucophelela kuwe, ngoba izinombolo zayo kancane kancane kuyancipha.

seal cynomolgus

Antarctic Seals cynomolgus manje uthathwa njengoba zinhlobo ngobuningi seal emhlabeni. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, inani ukufinyelela yayo kusukela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa ezingamashumi amane - kuba kane kuka inani wonke amanye lwezimpawu.

Usayizi abadala - phezulu ngamamitha amabili nesigamu, bacabangela amabili kuya angamakhulu amathathu amakhilogramu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinsikazi kwalesi silwane seal lithé ukuba likhudlwana kune kwabesilisa. Lezi zilwane bahlala Southern Ocean, saphinde eduze nogu ehlobo futhi zibe ukuwa ezifudukayo enyakatho.

Zidla ikakhulukazi krill (ezinamagobolondo Antarctic), lokhu kwandisa isakhiwo olukhethekile emihlathini yazo.

The main izitha zemvelo cynomolgus seal ingwe seal ft the whale killer. Esokuqala usongo ngokuyinhloko izilwane intsha nabangenakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Kusukela imikhomo ukulondolozwa lwezimpawu, nge lobubhalo Amazing jumping on the floes yiqhwa kwamanzi.

ingwe uphawu

Lolu hlamvu zasolwandle akusilo ize "namesake" nomzingeli esesabekayo omkhaya ikati. umzingeli Ekhohlisayo futhi ononya, akayena okuqukethwe kuphela inhlanzi, izisulu zakhe kukhona penguins, skuas, ama-loon nezinye izinyoni. Ngokuvamile uhlasela ngisho lwezimpawu encane.

Amazinyo lalesi silwane mancane, kodwa ebukhali kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Ezimweni eyaziwayo nokuhlaselwa womuntu ingwe lwezimpawu. Njengomhlaba "umhlaba" ingwe nomzingeli olwandle njengoba isikhumba zinamabala: ku emnyama elimpunga ngezikhathi zihlakazeke namabala amnyama.

Kanye killer whale zasolwandle ingwe ubhekwa umhlaseli ebaluleke kakhulu isifunda esiseningizimu polar. Ungavali ngophawu ukufinyelela kwamamitha amathathu nesigamu ubude nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-amane namashumi ayisihlanu bakwazi ukuthuthela beshesha ngendlela eyisimanga kanye onqenqemeni ice drift. Isizinda, njengoba umthetho, ehlasela emanzini.

Leopard uphawu - kuphela lwezimpawu, okuyinto esekela ekudleni izidalwa esinegazi elifudumele.