Shpeer Albert: Biography, izithombe, umsebenzi. Albert Speer nangemva kokuphuma ejele

Ukuhlela ukwakheka Shpeer Albert nombhali eziningi cwe ezisemadolobheni zentuthuko eJalimane lobuNazi. Wayekhona imvelo ngokushesha kwe-Adolf Hitler futhi bejabulela ukuzethemba ezingavamile we sokudumisa.

umsebenzi Early

Speer wazalwa oseningizimu-ntshonalanga eJalimane, emzini Mannheim, Mashi 19, 1905. Uyise wayengumGreki wezakhiwo, futhi sibonga kuye Owadala okuthandwa nezithakazelo umfana. Albert wafunda e Karlsruhe, Munich nase-Berlin. Ngezinye 22, wathola iziqu Metropolitan College futhi waba wezakhiwo eqinisekisiwe.

umsebenzi Speer zaqala lapho eba uthisha. Njengoba umakhi ngokwakhe wathi wayezohlala ngokujulile apolitical ebusheni bakhe, futhi intsha. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi, iJalimane izimo zinzima kokuntengantenga, ngoba lokho isibe ethandwa olukhulu iQembu LamaNazi. Ngo-1930, Shpeer Albert wajoyina ezinhlwini zayo ngemva kokuba esezwile inkulumo kaHitler, elithize abengumsunguli eliphefumulelwe kakhulu futhi wazithinta eqinile.

Ukujoyina yamaNazi

Le nsizwa kwakufanele nje ilungu party. Wazithola kwababusi troopers isiphepho (SA). imisebenzi Political awamenzanga sikhule efanele. Wagogobala Mannheim bomdabu wakhe wokuziphilisa futhi waqala ukuthola oda womshini izakhiwo izinhlelo. Ubuholi eseceleni futhi azizange zisinde ithalente abasha. AmaNazi ikhokhwe kuye kabusha isakhiwo, okuyinto iyisonto emahhovisi NSDAP.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha isakhiwo Ministry of Propaganda

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, Shpeer Albert ngqo ujwayelene ubuholi beqembu. Ngo-1933, uHitler yafika amandla. Khona-ke Goebbels, Speer wanika wemfanelo kakhulu ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngaye - ukwakha kabusha isakhiwo esikhathini, leso bekumele uqale umsebenzi Ministry of Propaganda. Kwakuyisikhathi isakhiwo esisha adalwe amaNazi athatha izintambo. Inkonzo kwadingeka neminye iminyango eminingana - .. Administrative, obangela cindezela, inkulumo-ze, umsakazo, izincwadi, njll izikhungo eziningi zikahulumeni zihlanganisa izinkulungwane eziningi abasebenzi. Wayefanele bakwamukele ukwakha isakhiwo esisha, ukuze hhayi kuphela ziphumelele, kodwa futhi ngokushesha ukuxhumana nabanye. Zonke lezi imisebenzi ebekwe phambi ithimba eliholwa Shpeer Albert. Isebenza wokuvelela wezakhiwo ukuzethemba ephefumulelwe ukuthi ngeke sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo umgomo wayo. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Phakathi iphrojekthi , Albert Speer wadonsela ukunakekela sokudumisa. UHitler wezakhiwo sakhe - Paul Troost. Speer waqokwa umsizi wakhe.

Umsizi uPawulu Troost

Paul Troost wayedume umsebenzi wakhe e Munich, lapho uHitler waphila iminyaka eminingi. Isibonelo, lokhu iyona edume Brown House, lapho kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi wawusegunjini ekomkhulu Bavarian ka iQembu LamaNazi. Ngo-1934 Troost wafa - ngokushesha emva Speer waqokwa umsizi wakhe.

Ngemva kokushona kwakhe, Hitler wenza wezakhiwo sakhe abasha professional, ukuphathisa kuye ne amaphrojekthi ebaluleke kakhulu. Shpeer Albert wasiphakamisa kabusha inhlokodolobha oMbusi Chancellery. Ngonyaka owandulela kokufa Troost wakubangela umklamo Party Congress izimfanelo, eNuremberg. Ngokokuqala ngqá lonke Germany wabona ukubonakaliswa uphawu olukhulu-Third Reich - ngendwangu ebomvu uphawu Black Eagle. Lokhu Congress lathunjwa inkulumo-ze documentary "Ukunqoba Sokholo". Ngungqondongqondo of khulu of babe kwaba eteyipini, kwakungu-Albert Speer. Ukuhlela ukwakheka kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uvele endaweni ngokushesha kwe-Adolf Hitler.

Naphezu kokuba matasa Shpeer Albert, ukuphila lwakhe athuthukiswe kahle kakhulu, ungakhohlwa mayelana nomndeni wakho. Wayeshade Margaret Weber bona, nginezingane 6.

Berlin ukuhlelwa kabusha

Ngo-1937, Shpeer Albert waqokwa jikelele wamaphoyisa inhlokodolobha yasebukhosini, unesibopho ukwakhiwa. Umakhi wafundiswa ekubhaleni umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ephelele Berlin. Loluhlelo laqedwa ngo-1939.

Ngokwe-layout, Berlin kwadingeka ukuba uthole igama elisha - inhlokodolobha emhlabeni eJalimane. Lokhu ibinzana ibonisa ze okugcwele isisekelo ngemibono zokwakha kabusha umuzi. Igama isetshenziswa Latin nguqulo ye ukupelwa elithi "eJalimane". Ngo-German kwakusho hhayi ezweni (Deutschland), nesithombe sakhe sesifazane. Kwakuyisikhathi allegory kazwelonke, okuyinto yayidumile ekhulwini XIX, lapho kwakungekho eJalimane onobunye. Izakhamuzi principalities eziningi zazikholelwa ukuthi isithombe lonke abantu German okufanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi insimu ka isimo ayephila ukuthi.

On umtlamo dolobha entsha ngqo ne-Adolf Hitler kanye nabasizi bakhe Albert Speer. izakhiwo zalo muzi kwadingeka ukuba omkhulukazi, ukuthi ngabe zifanekisela maphakathi nezwe. Izinkulumo zakhe zomphakathi, uHitler ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha entsha. Ngokusho umqondo wakhe, umuzi kwadingeka ukuba sifane eBabiloni noma eRoma phakathi khona yombuso wasendulo. Yiqiniso, naseParis Kunengqondo edolobheni yesifundazwe uma eqhathaniswa nalo.

Iningi imiqondo sokudumisa wahlushwa iphepha Shpeer Albert. Photo of Berlin yanamuhla kungenzeka futhi ziqukethe ezinye imibono yakhe awenziwanga. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba izibani owaziwa eziye efakwe eduze kweSango Charlottenburg. Inhlokodolobha Ngangimbheka njengomuntu okumelwe ebuswa amabili ama-eksisi imigwaqo ayezosenza ukufinyelela okulula emgwaqweni ring ezungeze idolobha. Enhliziyweni oMbusi Chancellery kwakuyoba, phezu kabusha ephinde wasebenza Albert Speer. Projects of wezakhiwo eziphathelene kabusha Berlin, abangu evunywe sokudumisa.

Ukuze Speer ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kungaletha ekuphileni uhlelo beziphakamisa Hitler wamnika amandla olukhulu ezimisweni. Umakhi akakwazanga ngisho acabangele ukubukwa Berlin idolobha uhulumeni, kuhlanganise imantshi. Iphinde likhuluma ngezinga elikhulu ukumethemba uHitler for nethimba lakhe.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project

Kabusha umuzi kwakufanele kuqale nge kubhidlizwe endaweni enkulu yokuhlala, okuyinto ezakhamuzini ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150 ekhaya. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi enhloko-dolobha babebaningi abangenamakhaya. Ukuze axazulule le abangenamakhaya ze ezindlini ezintsha e Berlin waqala ekujezisweni ngokumelene namaJuda, obani ababephathwa axoshwe yabo Suites umndeni. We epha yokukhosela kubantu bebe besezweni lakubo, ogama amakota ezidiliziwe yokuvuselela.

Le phrojekthi wethulwa ngosuku olwandulela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngo-1943, lapho izilonda eziningi nezimpi ezahlukene zaholela kwezinye izinkinga zomnotho. Ukwakhiwa kabusha iye simisiwe kuze izikhathi ezingcono, kepha kuvuselelwe ngenxa kokunqotshwa sokubusa kwamaNazi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kabusha okukuthinte ngayo ezindaweni zokuhlala hhayi kuphela. Amathuna babhujiswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zedolobha. Phakathi kabusha kwathiwa zingcwatshwe izidumbu angaba yizinkulungwane 15.

ihholo le-People

Folk Hall wayengomunye imibono ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi banikezwe kohlaka iphrojekthi ye kabusha Berlin. Lesi sakhiwo kwakufanele avele enyakatho yenhloko-dolobha futhi babe uphawu ebaluleke kakhulu amandla isimo German. Njengoba ehlelwe yi Speer, ihholo elikhulu kungabeka izivakashi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150 ngesikhathi mkhosi.

Ngo-May 1938, uHitler wavakashela eRoma. Enhloko-dolobha lasendulo lapho ehambela eziningi zakudala, kuhlanganise onkulunkulu. Kuyinto lesi sakhiwo baba sibonelo kweHholo LoMhlangano le-People. Berlin uhlela ukwakha onkulunkulu high zemabula egwadle. Hitler Kwethenjwa ukuthi isakhiwo uyokuma okungenani iminyaka engu ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha entsha, Folk Hall Ngangimbheka njengomuntu okumelwe lakhiwa ngo-1950, lapho amaJalimane ekugcineni ngilinqobile Europe.

Umqhele wabahlakaniphile ukwakhiwa Dome kwaba ukuthi iphrojekthi aphindwa izikhathi eziyishumi ivolumu Dome of Basilica iSt Peter sika eVatican. Izazi zilinganisela ukuthi ekwakhiweni kweHholo lalingabiza yengcebo German bhiliyoni Reichsmarks.

ilungu Reichstag

Kusukela lapho kuqala impi kunayo yonke mayelana nomsebenzi professional Speer buxhunyaniswe nge-dolobha, wabuye waqala lokuzimbandakanya empilweni yesikhungo edolobheni. Kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945 umakhi kwaba ilungu Berlin Reichstag. Wakhethwa ukuba wabavoti entshonalanga komuzi.

UNgqongqoshe kwamaNazi ka Izikhali neziNhlamvu

Ngo-1942 endaweni zendiza eyaphahlazeka eduze Rastenburg wafa kwamaNazi kwezikhali kanye nezinhlamvu Fritz Todt. Iposi singenamuntu waphela kungazelelwe esimisiwe Albert Speer. Biography of lo muntu isibonelo biography of ephathini ilungu liqondiswe ngubani ngenkuthalo enza ngayo umsebenzi wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhundla wayephethe.

Speer futhi obangela ukuhlolwa amandla futhi imigwaqo eJalimane. Wayevame wavakashela amabhizinisi zezimboni yezwe futhi babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka at zigcwele, usinika ibutho konke okudingayo ngokuya empini Imininingwane. Kulesi sikhundla, eziningi Speer wabambisana Genrihom Gimmlerom, ezaziphethe emakamu okuhlushwa. UNgqongqoshe kwamaNazi wakwazi ukwakha ohlelweni lomnotho lapho isimo nenhlalakahle yayisekelwe ophoqelelwe iziboshwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, bonke abantu abadala namaJalimane enempilo ayelwa egibele ngaphambili, ngakho umkhakha kwadingeka ukuba ziveze nezinye izinsiza.

Izinyanga lokugcina impi

Spring 1944 kwaba nzima kakhulu Speer. Wagula futhi wangakwazi ukusebenza. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungabi khona kwakhe, kodwa esikhathini esiningi ngoba abantu ngosizi lwezilwane emnothweni ngalesi sikhathi, umkhakha German Kwase kusele kancane kokuwa. Summer uzungu akuphumelelanga, injongo owawungumnyaka kokubulawa Hitler esiteji. amambuka ukuxhumana uyaziwa lapho bexoxa umqondo ukwenza Speer akhonze uhulumeni omusha. Ukuhlela ukwakheka nje ephethwe ngokuyisimangaliso ukukholisa elite amaNazi ku neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela azisetshenziswa kulolo zungu. Futhi udlale indima uthando kaHitler ngenxa Reichsminister.

Ezinyangeni lokugcina impi Speer azama ukukholisa sokudumisa hhayi ukusebenzisa umhlaba inqubomgomo elihangukile. Ngaphumela ngaphandle kwedolobha, lapho oMfelandawonye wasondela, amaJalimane bavame ukuba abhubhise yonke umkhakha, ukuze izinkinga zokuphila sezitha zabo endleleni okuhlaselayo. KwamaNazi waqaphela ukuthi leli qhinga akuyona kuphela inhlekelele oMfelandawonye, kodwa nezalo Third Reich, lapho ekupheleni kwempi kwakungekho ibhizinisi esitebeleni ukusebenza. Imigwaqo kanye nengqalasizinda eshiswe amagobolondo amabhomu. Carpet esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa Okuqondiwe amasu eJalimane baye baba umcimbi njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva oMfelandawonye bajoyinwa baseMelika.

Ekuboshweni

Speer waboshwa ngoMeyi 23, 1945. Wayengomunye abambalwa uye uwavumile eNuremberg Izilingo. Umakhi futhi esephunyukile isigwebo sokufa, ngokungafani eziningi ozakwabo uhulumeni wamaNazi. Icala main ngokumelene kwamaNazi wasolwa usebenzisa lomtshikatshika iziboshwa emakamu okuhlushwa. Speer awusebenzisa ngenkathi ophethe umkhakha German. Amacala akhe, wagwetshwa isigwebo iminyaka engu-20.

Isiboshwa wathunyelwa Spandau. Ijele esendaweni kulawulwa amazwe amane ahlangene. Usesebenze eside zabo ngokugcwele futhi yakhululwa nga-1966.

ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe,

Ngo-1969, u-Albert Speer (nangemva kokuphuma ejele) ekhishwe ayeyibhale esejele memoir, "Izinkumbulo." Incwadi ngokushesha waba ethengwa kakhulu e-US naseYurophu. ESoviet Union kwamaNazi Umlando awazange ishicilelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuwa isimo lamaKhomanisi.

Eminyakeni 90 eRussia yanyatheliswa hhayi kuphela "Izinkumbulo", kodwa izincwadi futhi ambalwa ngaphezulu Speer. Kuzo, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lichaze isimo kule echelons ephakeme ka-Third Reich, kodwa futhi wazama ukuchaza izenzo zakhe ngesikhathi izikhundla kuhulumeni ezahlukene. Albert Speer nangemva kokuphuma ejele wahlala isimo sikhululekile nokubusa ngobunxiwankulu Europe. Ngo-1981, wafa ngesikhathi ehambele e-London.