ENuremberg Izilingo

I-International Military Tribunal yasungulwa ngaphansi kweSivumelwano London (1945, August 8), esiphakathi eU.SSR, France, Britain, e-United States. Kwakheka inkantolo kwaba ukushushisa futhi ajezise labo obhekene amacala impi bazibophezele ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ka ka-1939-1945.

Initiative ukubamba i international Isivivinyo sokuqala uzwakalise uhulumeni wase-USSR. Kodwa izwe ukusekela likahulumeni waseSoviet Yayingalungile. Ikakhulukazi, uhulumeni waseBrithani uzwakalise ukunganeliseki isiphakamiso.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Ukunqoba amasosha aseSoviet ngo-izimpi eKursk, phezu iVolga, baphule nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad, kanye ukuxoshwa izidalwa ezihlala kuleyo nsimu enkulu likahulumeni waseSoviet nokuqala ukusebenza asebenzayo zamabutho azihlanganisa e-Italy ne-North Africa, baye yasishintsha inkambo ezempi. Ngaleso sikhathi, umphumela impi kakade kucace. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lempi umbimbi kweSoviet Union, Britain, Melika nakwamanye amazwe waqiniswa. Konke lokhu akuniké isinyathelo Russian ukweseka ngamazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isiphakamiso ubambe Isivivinyo ngamazwe baqiniswa Declaration eMoscow.

Umqondo isijeziso izigebengu impi kuqala kunazo zonke i-anti-Hitler sokusebenzisana asekelwe Franklin Roosevelt (umongameli we Melika) ekuqaleni Novemba 1942. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1943 iSoviet Union asekelwe isinyathelo Government of England. Nokho, Churchill (British Prime Minister) engxoxweni we Declaration eMoscow bahlinzeka nje ukudubula izigebengu impi kungukuthi kuyaphenywa.

ENuremberg Izilingo iqala umsebenzi wayo ngo-1945, 20 Novemba. ZeNkantolo cishe yonke iqembu elibusayo Germany. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona nezimboni, okuholela osopolitiki amaNazi, ideologists, osomaqhinga, abakhuzi bempi. Bonke wabekwa icala ubugebengu wesistimu kaHitler phakathi nokubusa kwamaNazi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinto we eNuremberg Izilingo benziwa USSR zomphakathi namanje ngonyaka v1943, entwasahlobo. Ukuze zonke izizwe zomhlaba ziye zaletha amaqiniso futhi imibhalo mayelana ngezenzo zonya zamaNazi ngokumelene izakhamuzi ezinokuthula Soviet wadingiselwa eJalimane.

Abamangalelwa ezisohlwini nezivumelwano zezinkantolo zakwamanye amazwe babe Fritsch, Neurath, Speer, von Papen, Bormann, Iodul, Sauckel, Schirach, Raeder, Halbach, Schacht, Funk, Streicher, Frick, Doenitz, Frank, Rosenberg, Ribbentrop, Ley, Hess, Goering nabanye .

Inqubo eNuremberg yayakhiwe inhlanganisela imithetho yenqubo ekulo kanye oda kuzo zonke States emelelwa kuso. Izinqumo zenziwa ngevoti leningi.

ENuremberg Izilingo yaphela isimemezelo sinqumo ekupheleni-September 1946. Lesi sinqumo sithathwe ngokuhambisana nezimiso umthetho international, ikhumbula agumenti amaqembu. Isinqumo ibonisa iphethini yesenzo sobugebengu zonke zombuso wamaNazi eyayikhona eminyakeni mhlophe kuleliqhwa nambili.

International Yobulungisa wagwetshwa Bormann (engekho), Seyss-Inquart, Jodl, Sauckel, Streicher, Frick, Frank, Rosenberg Kaltebrunnera, Keitel, Ribbentrop futhi Göring ekufeni ngokulengiswa.

Raeder wathola udilikajele, Hess futhi Funk.

Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi ejele, wagwetshwa Doenitz, a nanhlanu - Neurath, ukuze amabili - Speer futhi Schirach.

Three bakhishwa phambili (Schacht futhi Papen futhi Fritzsche). Ukuzibulala (walengiswa) Leigh ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba kuqulwe icala, usozimboni Krupa neyaziwayo ukufa bese zilinda iphinde kuqhubeka icala.

ENuremberg Izilingo ngazimemezela olunzima ubugebengu ngamazwe ngobudlova. Ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala, izikhulu zikahulumeni abonakala njengembudane izigebengu. Bonke ayenecala ukulungiselela, zokusoka, ukuziphatha zempi nolaka. Inkantolo jezisa abagqugquzeli kanye executors yepulani akunabuntu aqondiswe wonke lezakhamuzi.