Strelets amatutu uPetru I. Yini ehlukanisa strelets amasosha ebuthweni njalo

Strelets amabutho, ukusungulwa kwalo iphathelene 1550, ekuqaleni lalinabashumayeli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Bonke zazigcinwa "oda" ngazinye 500 ngamunye futhi babe abaqaphi siqu ku-internet Ivana Groznogo.

Umlando sokudalwa

Old izwi Slavic "Sagittarius" libhekisela umcibisheli, esiyinhloko wamabutho ephakathi. Kamuva e-Russia phathelana kangaka okuthiwa abameleli amasosha kuqala njalo. Strelets amabutho indawo izidlamlilo-Pishalnikov. Wayala "oda" Knights izingane.

Abacibishelayo abangu kumi isiphetho suburban. Bazimisele iholo ruble 4 ngonyaka. Strelets ibutho kancane kancane waqala ukwenza unomphela ikampu eMoscow.

Abokuqala ababhapathizwa komlilo njengoba ibutho njalo

Ngokushesha ngemva ukubukeka strelets yebutho lakhe ayebhapathizwa yayo lomlilo. Iqoqa e 1552 amabutho uthwebule Kazan, u-Ivan IV yebutho njalo futhi lokhu kwakuhlanganisa novoorganizovannoe iyunithi. Emlandweni ukuvinjezelwa Storming alandelayo strelets idolobha ibutho esadlala indima ebalulekile. It is kakhulu neqhaza ekuphumeleleni yomkhankaso ukunqoba Kazan Khanate.

Tsar Ivan IV, ukuze sazise abantu abalwa ngeminsalo, waqala ngokushesha ukwandisa isibalo sabo. Futhi kule 60s kwekhulu le-16 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-8000. Ekupheleni kuka-80s, kakade ngaphansi kokubusa owalandela u-Ivan IV, Fedora Ioannovicha, - ezingaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye - 7000 abacibisheli - wahlala unomphela e Moscow, kanti bonke abanye - kwamanye amadolobha, lapho kwenziwe ikakhulukazi isikaniso noma umbutho wamaphoyisa.

Kuyini strelets ibutho

2000 Musketeers eMoscow baphinde okuthiwa "Ezifuna" empeleni dragoons futhi elihamba lawela phezu amahhashi. Yaba kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 le rati eMoscow 16 sekwephuzile futhi. Cishe awekho imikhankaso emikhulu, kuhlanganise umkhankaso phakathi neMpi Livonian, nokubengezela sigasele YaseMoscow YaseCrimea AmaTatar akazange yini ngaphandle kwabo.

Nokho, kuzo zonke ukubaluleka akufanele overestimate kule yunithi. Strelets ibutho sidalwe wokukhipha noma ithathe indawo mabutho Local. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi aleli butho impela force esesabekayo. Noma kunjalo, ayehlome kancane labadubuli pischal (wicking isibhamu enesisindo 8 kg, a ubukhulu 22 mm kanti ibanga 200 m), streltsi hhayi Babenethuba okuningi okuphumelela. Babefanele afihle khona, ngenxa okuyinto bakwazi hit isitha ngaphandle kokubanga kokuba ibulewe ngesikhathi lingatshajwa izikhali zakhe langaphambi kokubhubha komhlaba ngamanzi.

ukwehluleka

EYurophu, izindaba ukudla nazo behlome ngemibese ikhava afanayo abacibishelayo waqala pikemen, kodwa asemaqeleni isiRashiya, base engenamsebenzi. Ngakho-ke strelets ibutho le njongo ukusebenzisa emphethweni kwemvelo sezwe, amahlathi lezixuku. Ukufihla ngemva kwabo, kwakunokwenzeka ukubala reflection ngempumelelo ukuhlasela isitha. Njengoba kwenzeka, isibonelo, 1555, unyaka impi ye Sudbischami lapho strelets ibutho egqilazwe Krymchaks, kufihlwe-oki, * ukuvikela kuze kuhlwe lapho Khan, owesaba ukufika fresh amabutho Russian akazange ashona.

Uyini umehluko strelets yibutho ibutho njalo

Eziningi "oda" kuphumelele kakhulu eyitshatha wezokuVikela ekuvimbezeleni inqaba. Ngemva kwakho konke, babenelungelo isikhathi ukuhlela izivikelo kudingekile - izinkambo, imisele noma ocingweni. Ngakho-ke, izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi, uma udala umzimba Musketeers Ivan Grozny nabeluleki bakhe bazama ngempumelelo ukuzivumelanisa isipiliyoni European yokudala elihamba njalo ezingokoqobo Russian. Abazange zifa ukukopisha "phesheya" ukusungulwa lempi, zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali izinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile elihamba, futhi yayiba eyodwa kuphela, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ezimweni ezithile Russia.

Ezemfundo Strelets amabutho kungenziwa ngokuthi Russian impendulo wezempi imicabango ngenkathi okwandisa ukusebenza kwe-manual umlilo-izingalo. Kwakufanele isinyathelo ibhekwa mabutho wendawo, okwakubekelwa ehlome ikakhulu uphonsa futhi Melee izikhali njengoba. Nokho, endaweni ovelele kule Russian njalo Musketeers ibutho ibutho akakwazanga ukuthatha omunye. Ngenxa yalesi kwakuyodingeka ibe ezahlukene, izikhali hhayi kuphela kanye amaqhinga, kodwa futhi nesitha. Futhi kuze lokho kwenzeka, lokhu impi bahlala ikhomponethi Nokho kubalulekile futhi ezidingekayo, ezincane kwekhulu le-16 ibutho Russian.

Lokhu kufakazelwa kanye isisindo ezithile abacibisheli kuwo. Lwathi luphela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, inani amasosha ebuthweni Russian zazisuka abantu 75 kuya kwezingu-110. Nakuba strelets ibutho has amasosha mayelana 12.000, kuyilapho akubona bonke bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohambweni olude noma imikhankaso. Noma kunjalo, isinyathelo esiyisisekelo yekwakha eRussia of uhlobo olusha yempi selithathiwe.

Strelets amabutho Peter

Ibutho njalo kaPetru, ihlelwe ku imodeli isiJalimane, kwaba kakhulu ngempumelelo ngaphezulu. ukuya empini ukukhokha amaholo. Kulokhu, ngenxa ukuhlonipheka nsizakalo edingekayo. Ukuze abantu abavamile limenyezelwe izinsizwa.

Ngo Streltsi amasosha ibutho elifanayo enkonzo yawo endowed kwesabelo. Amaningi awo ayephila nemikhaya yabo eSifundeni Musketeers emijondolo ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afeze imisebenzi wezempi phakathi kokutshala noma kuvunwe abacibisheli wenqaba.

Ngu Ivanom Groznym strelets kwezempi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich emashalofini "ngohlelo olusha" kuyisikhalo esiteji ebalulekile emlandweni ibutho njalo. Kodwa inqobo nje uma lezi amabutho aye Bahlala parallel, abakwazi bayibutho enobunye. I Warriors kwakungafanele njalo ngenxa kanembeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho emashalofini we "ngohlelo olusha" ngemva kwaphela impi kwadingeka ukuncibilikisa, bese ziqasha, ngokuyinhloko obiza abalimi ongaqeqeshiwe.

ekupheleni sad

Ngemva umkhankaso Azov kuKesari uPetru ngase ngiqiniseka ukuthi ibutho watalwa, kuba ngokuphelele asihambisani bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa Izinjongo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi izisethile. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu izinguquko langaleso sikhathi laliwumfuziselo kabusha olukhulu lonke isakhiwo lempi isimo. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwaba ukudalwa ibutho njalo, eyayisekelwe uhlelo ukuqasha kuphinde kuhluke ngokuphelele isimiso of kumiswa Strelets amabutho.

Noma kunjalo, Pishalnikov Basil III no-Ivan IV abacibisheli kwavula iyanqo lamasosha regiments sovereigns Mikhail Fedorovich nangokuthi Alexei Mikhailovich. Futhi kakade kuzo - ngqo fuzeleram kaPetru.

Ngemva nje kokuhlubuka e 1699 , uPeter Omkhulu ngaphambilini ukuhlakaza strelets ibutho, kusale ezinye ke ukukhonza emaphethelweni Russia.