Nezikhathi Geological ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo. Umlando Geological Zomhlaba

Umlando iplanethi enguMhlaba Sekuphele iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 7. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, indlu yethu uye washintsha abalulekile, okuyinto kwaba umphumela ushintsho nezikhathi. nezikhathi Geological ngokulandelana embule lonke emlandweni wezwe kusukela yaqala kuze kube namuhla.

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi geological

Umlando womhlaba, imelelwa engenakubalwa amaqembu nezikhathi nezikhathi kuyinto njengesisekelo esinembile sokubalwa kwezikhathi ezithile babeqoqana. Ngesikhathi kuqala congresses ngamazwe nokwakheka yasungulwa isikali esithile lokulandelana, nebelimele periodization Zomhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, leli banga is ahlanganiswe ulwazi olusha futhi washintsha, ngenxa namuhla kubonisa zonke izinkathi Geological ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo.

Amayunithi ngobukhulu kule isikali kukhona eonothem, nangenkathi noma nezikhathi.

kumiswa Umhlaba

nezikhathi eMhlabeni Geological ngokulandelana ukulandelela imisuka zabo ukwakheka planethi. Ososayensi wafinyelela esiphethweni kwalokho kwamiswa Earth eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.5 edlule. kakhulu Inqubo lasungulwa Sekube isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kungenzeka waqala enye engu-7 billion edlule kusukela izinhlayiya ezincane isikhala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla adonsela phansi, selikhule kanye ke kwandisa ijubane emizimbeni awela iplanethi abasafufusa. amandla Kinetic uguqulwe ukushisa, ibangela ukufudumala kancane kancane Earth.

core eMhlabeni, ekucabangeleni lososayensi, kwamiswa ambalwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi, ngemva kwalokho lwaluyophola kancane kancane emhlabeni. Okwamanje, i-nucleus oncibilikisiwe iqukethe 30% nenqwaba Earth. Development kwezinye ihlanganisa iplanethi, ngokososayensi, is hhayi kuqeda okwamanje.

Eon Precambrian

Ngo geochronology Eon lokuqala Umhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi Precambrian. Ihlanganisa izikhathi 4.5 bhiliyoni - eminyakeni million 600 edlule. Okungukuthi, share sengonyama yomlando kule planethi imbozwe kuqala. Nokho, lokhu Eon uhlukanise eminye emithathu - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic. Futhi ngokuvamile wokuqala babo kuyinto Eon ezimele.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona kumiswa ungqimba lomhlaba, ezweni kanye namanzi. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi mlilo ngoba iningi Aeon. Ezikhangiso emhlabeni wonke Kwakhiwa Precambrian, kodwa iminonjana ukuphila ezingajwayelekile kakhulu.

Katarchean Eon

Ukuqala emlandweni womhlaba - isigamu sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu khona ngendlela isayensi ngokuthi Katarchean. I mkhawulo lokhu Aeon isezingeni emhlabeni 4 billion edlule.

Fiction kusisondeza njengoba isikhathi Hadean izinguquko asebenzayo wentaba-mlilo nokunyakaza komhlaba ku surface eMhlabeni. Nokho, empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Katarchean Eon - ngesikhathi lapho mlilo awuzange eboniswe, futhi komhlaba kuyinto ehlane abandayo engamili lutho. Nakuba kaningi kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba, okuyinto wahlelemba landscape. Ebusweni wawufana grey izidakamizwa eyinhloko ungqimba camera regolite. Usuku ngesikhathi zaba amahora 6 kuphela.

Eon Archean

Eyesibili Eon eyinhloko emine kwaqhubeka iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 1.5 emlandweni womhlaba - iminyaka 4-2,5 billion edlule. Khona-ke izwe engakabi isimo, ngakho ukuphila wayengekho lapho, kodwa kule Eon iza ukuvela amagciwane ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya, zingabantu anaerobic. Ngenxa yalokho yemisebenzi yabo sesinamaqembu ezifakwa amaminerali ezifana yensimbi, i-carbon, isibabule ne-nickel. Umlando igama elithi "Archean" has kwaqala ngo-1872, lapho-ke ezihlongozwayo edumile nososayensi waseMelika uJohn. Dan. Eon Archaean, ngokungafani sangaphambilini, libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu mlilo nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Proterozoic Eon

Uma sicabangela isikhathi Geological e ngokulandelana kokwenzeka kwazo, sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu olulandelayo Proterozoic. Nkathi futhi ngezimiso eziphakeme mlilo futhi sedimentation, ukuguguleka komhlabathi futhi ubabonisa phezu izindawo ezinkulu.

kwakhiwa T is. N. Ovundlile Baikalian ukusonga. Okwamanje, zingabantu amagquma encane emathafeni. Rocks lokhu Eon abacebile kakhulu mica, imikhando non-ayoni eningi nokusansimbi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini Proterozoic babe kuqala eziphilayo izidalwa - lenyama, ulwelwe nesikhunta. Ngu ekupheleni Aeon avele izimpethu, ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle, ama-mollusk.

I Phanerozoic Eon

Zonke nezikhathi Geological ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - i-nezisobala futhi esikhoselweni. Phanerozoic libhekisela sobala. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo ne amathambo amaminerali. Inkathi ezandulela Phanerozoic, liye labizwa ngokuthi i-ezifihliwe, ngoba iminonjana ke cishe ayitholakali ngenxa yokuntuleka amathambo amaminerali.

I last kwezigidi ezingama-600 zeminyaka yomlando kule planethi yethu ngokuthi Phanerozoic Eon. Izenzakalo ebaluleke kakhulu yalolu hlelo Eon - ukuqhuma eCambria okwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-izigidi ezingu-540 edlule, futhi ukuqothulwa ezinhlanu ezinkulu emlandweni wale planethi.

Inkathi Eon Precambrian

Phakathi Katarchean futhi Archean kwakungekho nangenkathi lamukelwa endaweni yonke nezikhathi, ngakho sizobe weqa kubo ukuze sicatshangelwe.

Proterozoic futhi siqukethe nangenkathi ezinkulu ezintathu:

Palaeoproterozoic - .. R e siderite lasendulo ehlanganisa, riasiysky isikhathi oroziry kanye lwemali. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, emakamu oksijini emkhathini isifike ezingeni lamanje.

Mesoproterozoic - ngokwesilinganiso. Siqukethe izinkathi ezintathu - Kalima, ectasia nezindonga. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela ulwelwe nama-bacterium usufinyelele esiqongweni lalichumile.

Neoproterozoic - entsha, ehlanganisa Tonia, cryogenic futhi Ediacaria. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka supercontinent lokuqala - Rodinia, kodwa wabuyela ipuleti. I enomoya ice age senzeka enkathini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Mesoproterozoic, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho eba yiqhwa iningi iplanethi.

Inkathi Eon Phanerozoic

Lokhu Eon sehlukaniswe kwezinkathi ezintathu ezinkulu, sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye:

Paleozoic noma inkathi yokuphila lasendulo. Yaqala iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-600 edlule futhi yaphela iminyaka ezigidini ezingu-230 edlule. PALEOZOIC siqukethe 7 nezikhathi:

1. ECambria (eMhlabeni kwakhiwa sezulu esipholile, landscape ezisezansi, ngale nkathi ukuvela izinhlobo yesimanje kwezilwane).
2. Ordovician (sezulu emhlabeni wonke efudumele ngokwanele, ngisho e-Antarctica, izwe kakhulu egxilile. Kuvela ukubukeka inhlanzi yokuqala).
3. isikhathi Silurian (kukhona kumiswa izilwandle ezinkulu maphakathi nezwe, emathafeni ayabaluleka uya woma ngenxa ephakeme ezweni. ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo zezinhlanzi. inkathi Silurian kwasho ukubukeka lokuqala izinambuzane).
4. Devon (elivela kuzo izilwane zasemhlabeni lokuqala namahlathi).
5. Lower Carboniferous (ukubusa ezinjengohlinzamfuku, oshaka ukusabalala).
6. carbon Upper futhi phakathi (ukubonakala ezihuquzelayo lokuqala).
7. Perm (eminingi yasendulo isilwane sibulewe).

Mesozoic, noma isikhathi ezihuquzelayo. Umlando Geological of the Mesozoic Era ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezintathu:

1. Trias (imbewu yokuqothulwa ezinjengohlinzamfuku, gymnosperms ukubuswa kukhona izibankwakazi lokuqala nezilwane ezincelisayo).
2. Jura (ngxenye yeYurophu futhi ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga Melika imbozwe yolwandle engajulile, ukuvela izinyoni lokuqala toothed).
3. Mel (ukubukeka Maple kanye kwesihlahla se-okhi emahlathini, futhi ukuthuthukiswa eliphakeme ukushabalala izibankwakazi nezinyoni toothed).

Cenozoic, noma isikhathi ezincelisayo. Siqukethe lezinkathi ezimbili:

1. Zemfundo ephakeme. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ekuseni ezidla kanye ungulates ukufinyelela kokusa yabo, isimo sezulu esifudumele. Kukhona ukusabalala esiphezulu kwamahlathi, ezincelisayo lasendulo bayafa. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-25 edlule, kukhona nezinkawu, futhi indoda ivela Pliocene.
2. Quaternary. Pleistocene - zilwane ezinkulu uzoqothulwa, umphakathi wesintu okuzelwe, kunenkathi 4 glacial, izinhlobo eziningi yokuqothulwa. Umnyaka yesimanje - ekupheleni zokugcina ice age, isimo sezulu kancane kancane iba ifomu samanje. I igunya lomuntu kuyo yonke iplanethi.

Umlando Geological planethi has a ukuthuthukiswa eside futhi iphikisana. Le nqubo kwaba indawo ukuqothulwa eziningana zezinto eziphilayo okuphindaphindiwe ophilayo nezikhathi glacial waphawula iinkhathi zokwenzeka okusezingeni eliphezulu wentaba-mlilo bengangawe kokubusa eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela amagciwane abantu. Umlando Zomhlaba yaqala eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 7 edlule, owabunjwa eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.5 edlule, futhi nje esingaphansi kweminyaka eyisigidi edlule, umuntu oye saphela nesincintisana lonke uhlobo.