Siyini "raster": definition, ngezigaba, ukuhumusha ibe Vector

Noma yimuphi umklami uyazi ukuthi iphethini. Kubalulekile ukulungiselela izithombe for ukuguqulwa zabo, ukudalwa izakhiwo. Ukuze okusesilinganisweni kwenethiwekhi umsebenzisi umehluko phakathi nezakhiwo akuyona omkhulu kangaka. Nokho, lokhu konke okuyisisekelo ukusebenza umdwebo ukuthi bonke abantu kufanele bazi, ubani ofuna ukuba sikwazi ukucubungula izithombe.

Incazelo raster, kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi

Uyini bitmap? Lesi sithombe yakhiwa matrix yama-pixels, ngesineke umbala ethile. Ziyakwazi kulula qaphelani, sibalo olukhudlwana. Ifayela nge raster ihluzo igcina ikhodi equkethe inani lamaphuzu kanye nombala wako. Ama ifotho, ngezithombe eziskeniwe, imifanekiso komagazini kuyi-computer - raster. Lelithebuli pixels (amachashazi) bangadlulisela isithombe yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi, isithunzi, gradients, ukufiphala, halftone, 3D-imiphumela ngisho izithombe. Photorealism - inzuzo enkulu yalesi hlobo ihluzo.

I nemibi raster zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukungakwazi sikala. Khulisa isithombe (ie esisuka kugridi pixels) noma ukunciphisa ke (styanuv ukuze amanye amaphuzu izolahleka), kungaba ngokuphawulekayo zilulaza ikhwalithi yesithombe.
2. I bitmap kukhawulwe isikwele. Okusho ukuthi, lapho isicelo okukhiwa ku nomunye "fihla" ngezansi ngaphansi phezulu elimhlophe ngemuva.
3. I eziyinkimbinkimbi isithombe, kulapho-ke ukala ifayela.

Izici raster

izithombe Raster kuhluke ngobukhulu, isinqumo, umbala amamojuli futhi isibalo imibala. Excellent futhi kakhulu izici yegridi. izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-raster-matrix lwemsebenti: njalo futhi stochastic.

1. Usayizi (ngesisindo) - inani eliphelele pixels isithombe ibalwa CB (MB, GB). Isithombe emikhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kulapho-ke ukala.
2. Ukulungiswa - isibalo Amaphikseli ngayinye intshi (ppi) ku-intanethi izithombe, izithombe, noma amachashazi intshi (dpi) ngamunye imifanekiso ezinyathelisiwe. I emikhulu ukubaluleka, ngcono isithombe, sobala. isinqumo Standard Inthanethi izithombe - 72 ppi, ukuphrinta izakhiwo - 300 ppi.
3. module Color ichaza shades eziyisisekelo. Lokhu kungase kube into evamile RGB, lapho abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye zikhona imali inikezwe e kwe-pixel ngayinye kanye ukuxuba ukwakha umbala oyifunayo. Ukuze silungiselele izakhiwo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa CMYK - module ehlanganisa ikhayeni, imajenta, ophuzi kanye black. LAB - kuyinto "elikhanyayo", okubomvu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-phuzi; Ukwenza mhlophe - shades of gray.
4. Indlela ibhithi abaningi okubhalwe kwe-pixel ngayinye incike umbala esithombeni. Ngo izithombe ezinombala ofanayo iphuzu ngasinye ukala 1 kancane. Uma i-pixel ye 4 kancane iphethini siqukethe 16 imibala. 8 bpp ukunikeza 256 imibala, 16 izingcezu - 65K imibala 24 izingcezu -. 16 million imibala ..
5. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo rasters, kuye kwe-pixel afanayo: ejwayelekile anezikhala isakhiwo (nge Ukufiphaza amachashazi noma igridi) stokahtichesky inhlangano eqondile ayizange, isb pixels ahlelwe nemiyalezo.

bitmap ngokungafani Vector

Ngaphezu raster format kuyinto Vector - indlela ukwakha iphethini lapho pixels ka - elula zeJiyomethri: iinkwere, ovals, imibuthano imigqa eqondile kanye Curves. ifayela Vector ihluzo iqukethe ifomula zezibalo - izibalo ngezimiso (ubukhulu, ubude, ububanzi, faka umbala, nentaba), indawo yabo ngendwangu (X Y-Ukudidiyela) kanye isikhundla isihlobo komunye nomunye. Vector ukudweba zoom bese uhlela - nje ukushintsha izici into oyifunayo. Uma ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa izinga umfanekiso waso aliguquki. I vector isithombe akugcini ingemuva elingunxande - bangathumela ozofakwa nomunye. Kulokhu, ifayela lokuqala ukala kakhulu esingaphansi raster.

Njengoba bebaningi kangaka izinzuzo ukuthi lokhu screen ongamelana Vector? Izithombe kule format kungaba uyibize ngokuthi namaqiniso - banayo isibonisi kancane efana nekhathuhi ngenxa yokuthi usebenzise imibala okuqinile kanye gradients. Modern Ihluzo abahleli - Corel Ukudonswa, njengoba i-Adobe Illustrator - ungasebenza ngezinhlelo imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi njengezimpi izithunzi, umbala kwendingilizi, ukufiphala, kodwa raster image processing amakhono kusenzima kakhulu. I vector kuyinto izakhiwo ezilungiselelwe zokunyathelisa.

raster ifomethi

Raster izithombe bangagcinwa ezindaweni takhiwo ehlukahlukene, futhi ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ilula - udinga ukuvula ifayela nanoma yimuphi umhleli isithombe, khetha imenyu kwento "Londoloza njengohlu" futhi isandiso ezifanele.

I-GIF - ifomethi elula. Isekela obala and izithombe imiphumela, ukala kancane, kodwa umbala kuba ongaphakeme - 256 imibala. I-GIF esivumelana esitolo emagrafu, emashadi.

-PNG isebenzisa kokucindezelwa lossless futhi isekela obala, umbala okuningi kuka-GIF.

TIFF isetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kusuka raster ukuba vector, njengoba lokhu format akusho uhlangane izingqimba e umdwebo.

JPEG - ifomethi ethandwa kakhulu esetshenziselwa namanje izithombe, izithombe askeniwe, izithombe sewebhu.

Indlela ukuguqula kusuka raster ukuba Vector format

Udinga ukuguqula isithombe bitmap ibe Vector livela umklami isakhiwo nganoma womshini, noma uma ufuna ukuba sandise isithombe, ukuyishintsha ngaphandle kokwehlisa izinga lawo. Translations ku Vector - hhayi umsebenzi ewubala nje, abaningi imiphumela photo ayikwazi ukudlalwa. Nge ukope othomathikhi ikhwalithi yesithombe ancipha kakhulu: umbala ingahlanekezeka, walahlekelwa imininingwane isithombe. Lokhu kudala ngokuzenzakalelayo lezinto kusukela amaqembu Amaphikseli imibala efanayo, esisogwini nentaba we bitmap. Uma isithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinto wadala kungaba kakhulu, futhi uwahlele ngingakhululeki. Autorouting itholakala abahleli Corel Drew noma Illustrator.

izinga ezinhle image ingatholakala kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukope mathupha. Kulesi umdwebo umklami livimbezele ukunquma nentaba kanye komthunzi noma ivolumu adalwe superposing izingcezu ubukhulu ezahlukene kanye nombala komunye nomunye. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu esibhebheni ingcaca, lokuloba kutfungatsa umugqa. Ngesandla elakhiwe isithombe Vector ezibizayo futhi lwesayensi kakhulu.

... futhi okuphambene nalokho

Rasterization - inqubo kufunwe okuphambene, uma umdwebo we-vector okuzohumushwa endaweni raster, isibonelo, ukuze anezele ngayo ngaphezulu izihlungi enezithombe eziphambili. Kulokhu, zonke izakhiwo ezinhle vector zinyamalale, lokhu okusho ukuthi, ngeke ukucaca isithombe ngaphandle kokwehlisa izinga lawo. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina ifayela yasekuqaleni ukuba sandise noma ukushintsha isithombe uma kunesidingo.

Ngaphambi ukudluliswa esikrinini (Guqulela Bitmaps) kumelwe usethe nemingcele ezilandelayo:

1. Umbala - isibalo imibala esithombeni.
2. Dithered - uma kusebenze uzobe kwakhiwa le umbala lento ngokuxuba.
3. Redolution - isixazululo.
4. Anti-aliasing - ulayini noma waphuka isakhiwo sokuqala uzobe eshelelayo.
5. Trandparent Backgrounf - ipharamitha kwenza ngemuva esobala.
6. Usayizi - usayizi.

Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi ezifanele izithombe udinga ukwazi ukuthi raster kanye le-vector. Raster isithombe kumiswa sebuningini Amaphikseli - izakhi ezincane kunazo ingcaca. Raster ezimibalabala, eveza eziningi imiphumela photo, ngisho izithombe. Nokho, lezi zithombe nzima sikala futhi ushintsho. Vector, kunalokho, kulula ukushintsha ngokushintsha iyiphi into umdvwebo; ngenkathi ukunciphisa izinga ayiguquki. Nokho, isithunzi, ukufiphala, gradients eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi imibala kwendingilizi ukuwudlulisela nzima. Raster Umdwebo kungaba mayelana isibonisi Vector format, futhi okuphambene nalokho.