Isimiso futhi indlela yokukala. izindlela ezivamile angakahleleki. Yiziphi amathuluzi yokulinganisa

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka nesilinganiso empilweni yesimanje. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe kwentuthuko embuzweni isidingo ngabo akufanele, kodwa ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwamaJuda izimiso nezindlela ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ukulinganisa. Futhi ekwandiseni bohlu ngokwayo ezindaweni lapho zisetshenziswa ezimisweni nezindlela zokulinganisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kuphela izindlela lobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe ukuqaliswa le misebenzi, kodwa futhi ukusebenzisa kwawo i-mqondo. Kuze kube manje, indlela nesilinganiso iqoqo amasu noma izindlela ukuthi ingafinyelela isimiso nokunquma ezidlula oyifunayo.

Izimiso izindlela zokulinganisa

Ngesikhathi inhliziyo yanoma yiyiphi indlela nesilinganiso kusekelwe umthetho othile ngokomzimba, okuyinto yena, kusekelwe lokhu noma lokhuya engokwemvelo. Ngo Metrology imihlola ngokomzimba ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengoba imiphumela, okubangela iphethini. Ukulinganisa eziguquguqukayo ezahlukene imithetho ethize isicelo. Ngokwesibonelo, nesilinganiso zamanje senziwe Josephson umphumela. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, ngaphansi kwayo kwamanje superconducting odabula ungqimba Kwe-dielectric Heating esasihlukanisa superconductors. Ukuze sithole izici, amandla ugxile enye umphumela - Peltier, futhi kuhlaziywa Isivinini - the ukushintshashintsha emisebeni imvamisa Doppler evulekile. Ngo isibonelo esilula yokunquma mass bento usebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi, esizibonakalisa inqubo enesisindo.

izindlela Ukwahlukanisa nesilinganiso

sici ngokwahlukana izindlela ezimbili nesilinganiso ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa - ubunjalo izinguquko amagugu kuye isikhathi indlela idatha ukuthola. Esimweni sokuqala labelwe amasu static kanye ashukumisayo. izindlela zokulinganisa Statistical zinezikhathi yokuthi umphumela etholwe akusho ziyahlukahluka kuye ukuthi kunini lapho kungashiwo kusetshenziswe. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, izindlela eziyisisekelo yokulinganisa mass ubukhulu bento. izindlela Dynamic, ngokuphambene, yiba esingokwemvelo iyehla iyenyuka okunamandla ukusebenza. izindlela ezinjalo zihlanganisa lezo zindlela okukuvumela ukuqapha ingcindezi izici, igesi noma izinga lokushisa. Izinguquko ngokuvamile zenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya abezindaba ezizungezile. Kukhona nezinye izindlela ngezigaba, ngenxa umehluko nesilinganiso ukunemba nemibandela kuthengiselana. Kodwa avame ukuba yesibili. Nokho, manje, kuhle ukucabangela indlela ethandwa kakhulu angakahleleki.

Indlela ziqhathaniswa isilinganiso

Kulokhu nesilinganiso senzeka ngokuqhathanisa amagugu oyifunayo nemagugu ngesilinganiso reproducible. Njengoba isibonelo salokhu inqubo kungaholela ukubala besebenzisa mass ibhalansi isigwedlo hlobo. Umsebenzisi ekuqaleni ukusebenza ithuluzi, okuyinto wabeka phansi amagugu ethile ne izinyathelo. Ikakhulukazi, ngokusebenzisa kulinganisa izinsimbi uhlelo, kungaba ngezinga elithile ukunemba ukuba abambe futhi isisindo into. ithuluzi Classic sokulinganisa ingcindezi kwezinye embodiments kuhilela ekutholeni amagugu uma iqhathaniswa ukufundwa konemimoya lapho kakade isinyathelo eziningi ekuqaleni ezaziwayo. Esinye isibonelo siphathelene voltage nesilinganiso. Kulokhu, isibonelo, izici compensator uzobe eqhathaniswa eyaziwa evamile electromotive amandla isici.

Indlela yokulinganisa umphelelisi

Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho inqubo lalivamile esetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Indlela umphelelisi nesilinganiso value futhi inikeza wenani eziqondiwe isilinganiso esithile, okuyinto kusengaphambili ezaziwayo. Kuphela, ngokungafani indlela langaphambilini, nesilinganiso senziwa ngqo lapho kuqhathaniswa akulona inani ebalisisiwe, futhi ngokuya ezidlula salo anezele efanayo. Ngokuvamile, izindlela kanye izindlela zokulinganisa yizimiso ezinjalo isetshenziswa kaningi kule ukusebenza nezici zabo ezingokomzimba into. Ngendlela efanayo kule reception indlela ekutholeni izinto eziningi ngokusebenzisa esikhundleni. Kuphela kulesi simo, isici ukulungiswa enikeziwe ayibalulekile, okuyinto efana ukubaluleka oyifunayo, nokubonakaliswa into inkomba.

Ukudideka nesilinganiso indlela

Lena umugqa kunalokho elingavamile Metrology, ogxile ukusetshenziswa izinzwa womuntu. Kulokhu, kukhona izigaba ezimbili izilinganiso sezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela yamila ivumela ukuhlola ipharamitha ethile into, ngaphandle kokunikeza umbono ophelele izici zayo kanye nokusebenza kungenzeka. Isigaba sesibili kuyinto tekubukana lapho indlela yokulinganisa usebenzisa izitho umqondo ukunikeza umqondo ongcono mayelana nemingcele ahlukahlukene babe into. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlaziywa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanengi kuqakathekile hhayi kuphela njengendlela lokulandisa wonke izici leli qembu, kodwa njengoba ithuluzi ukuhlola ukufaneleka jikelele into ngokuya ukusebenzisa ukulungela inhloso ethize. Njengoba for ngokoqobo yezindlela organoleptic, base kungenziwa esikalini, isibonelo, izingxenye okusaqanda noma cylindrical usike izinga. Esikhathini nesilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ngale ndlela ungathola umqondo we runout osabalalayo shaft, etholakala emva nje ukuhlaziya okufanayo roundness kanye ebusweni izici ilungu langaphandle.

Imininingwane kanye yokuxhumana izindlela zokulinganisa

Izimiso contact kanye non-contact nesilinganiso kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Endabeni kumadivayisi enziwe loxhumana kokungathembeki ezidlula iseduze into. Kodwa njengoba lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokubakhona abezindaba nolaka kanye nobunzima ukufinyelela isayithi zokulinganisa, liye enwetshiwe futhi okungezona contact isimiso kokubala amagugu. Imininingwane yokulinganisa indlela esetshenziswa ekutholweni eziningi ezifana mass, amperage, usayizi imingcele, nokunye. D. Nokho, nesilinganiso lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Non-contact nesilinganiso kungaba kwenziwe nge ekhethekile onobuhle pyrometers futhi imagers ezishisayo. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, awayona ngqo nesilinganiso target imvelo, uphinde uhlanganyele ngemisebe yalo. Ngo ngenxa yezizathu eziningana lokushisa izindlela nesilinganiso for yokuxhumana isimiso akuyona olunembile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, afakiwe kuphela lapho kudingeka siqaphele izici izindawo noma ezindaweni ezithile.

yokulinganisa zomculo

Ibhanga namathuluzi wokulinganisa lisabalele, ngisho noma sikhuluma endaweni ethize ngokwehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukala thermometer eyodwa lokushisa kuphela isetshenziswa, pyrometers, imagers ezishisayo, futhi okufanayo esisetshenziselwa esiteshini hygrometer futhi barometer imisebenzi. Ukuze balandise ngenxa umswakama lokushisa ukufundwa kuleli eziyinkimbinkimbi usanda kusebenzisa idatha abagawuli, ifakwe iphenya ebucayi. Lapho kuhlolwa izimo emkhathini futhi ingcindezi gauge livame ukusetshenziswa - kudivayisi ingcindezi wokulinganisa, okungase kulekelelwa nokulawula izinzwa abezindaba gaseous. Okubanzi band futhi imishini lunikeziwe ingxenye kusho ukulinganisa izici izifunda kagesi. Lapha singakwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi amadivaysi, efana voltmeter kanye ammeter. Nalapha futhi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-iziteshi sezulu, kusho ezimali ye kagesi emkhakheni imingcele kungaba jikelele - okuyile acabangele nemingcele eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Test nokuMeda futhi Automation

Ngomqondo yendabuko zedivayisi wokulinganisa - ithuluzi enikeza ulwazi mayelana ethile ukubaluleka sici for into ethize okwamanje. Phakathi ukusebenza umsebenzisi kubhaliswe izinkomba kanye eminye ku isisekelo yabo kuthatha izixazululo ezifanele. Kodwa ngokuya, lezi amadivaysi afanayo kuhlanganisiwe ku imishini eyinkimbinkimbi nge ezishintshayo ukuthi kusekelwe wobufakazi efanayo eqoshiwe uthatha izinqumo, kwenta sibonelo, ngekuletsa Oqondisa nemingcele yokusebenza. Ikakhulu, i-instrumentation ezishintshayo imishini kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo e izakhiwo gas amapayipi, bafudumale futhi ukupholisa izinhlelo, njll Ngokwesibonelo, ukugcina umugqa ingcindezi eyobonisa uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo bokukhulisa noma okwandisa supply wokubacindezela ivolumu naphakathi - .. Water noma efanayo igesi.

Silinganiso kanye nekusebentisa iphutha

Cishe noma yimuphi inqubo ukulinganiswa kuhilela ngezinga elithile ukuphambuka kumiphumela okunikezwayo amagugu zangempela. Futhi iphutha kungenzeka 0,001% no-10% nokuningi. secrete Ngakho ngeziphambeko okungahleliwe futhi ehlelekile. Iphutha okungahleliwe yi nesilinganiso libhekene yokuthi akusiyo ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile. Ngokuphambene, ngeziphambeko ehlelekile esuka amagugu langempela zihlukile ukuthi ukugcina izindinganiso zabo ngisho nalapho izilinganiso eziningi okuphindaphindiwe.

isiphetho

Abakhi instrumentation kanye Metrology imishini mzamo ezikhethekile kakhulu ukuthuthukisa obusebenzayo kakhudlwana futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo etholakalayo ukusebenzisa imodeli. Futhi lokhu kusebenza imishini yobuchwepheshe nje kuphela kodwa futhi izimali yasekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, nesilinganiso zamanje engenziwa ekhaya usebenzisa multimeter, ukulungisa nemingcele eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. I Kungashiwo okufanayo amadivaysi ezisebenza nge ingcindezi ukufundwa, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, okuyinto afakwa ukusebenza ezibanzi Ergonomics yesimanje. Nokho, uma umsebenzi kokubhalisa ukubaluleka ethize, izazi namanje batusa ukuxhumana idivayisi ekhethekile kuphela isebenza nge ipharamitha target. Ziyakwazi nesilinganiso ukunemba ngokuvamile ephakeme, okuyinto evame ezibucayi ekuhloleni izimfanelo imishini ukusebenza.