Sphinx, nemvelo - monster, idla lonke nge nezimfumbe. Izithombe izincwadi

Sphinx, nemvelo - lapha siyahlangabezana Tiutchev ezimbili, kahle ujwayelene zamaGreki futhi siziqonde ngokuthi. Imbongi e izizindlo zakhe zefilosofi sizindle izindikimba ehlupha abantu abaningi. Ngokuvamile kuba aphoristic futhi imema le umfundi ukuqhubeka zibona wakhe, kutsi abe "co-umxhasi" ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Kamuva, le nkondlo "Uhlobo Sphinx" Tiutchev unikeza kokubili iphazili entsha, lapho kungenzeka khona umuzwa engaxoxa ngakho ukufutheka kabuhlungu.

imfumbe we sphinx

NgesiGreki izinganekwane sphinx wambeka phambi kwabo njengoba monster nge ikhanda owesifazane kokuba isidumbu sengonyama, sinamaphiko okhozi futhi inyoka umsila. Walusa umnyango eThebes. Ukudlula ngamunye wabuza imfumbe: "Yimuphi isidalwa kungaba ezine-ezinemilenze, ezimbili ezinemilenze noma babe nemilenze ezintathu". ukuphendula Omunye akusho ngendlela efanele, Sphinx wazishwabadela. eyodwa kuphela Oedipus waphunyuka lokhu ukudalelwa. Wathi: "Njengoba ingane, indoda kukhasa lakho konke okuhamba ngezine, njengomuntu omdala, uhamba nge imilenze emibili, bese isebenzisa umhlanga kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga." Njengoba ayenqotshiwe impendulo silo wabanjwa phezu kwewa, wafa.

I Sphinx kanye Masons

Ngo Masons Russian ku 20s Petersburg kwaba embhedeni ngaphansi kwesihloko esikhulu "I Dying Sphinx". Okungukuthi, babekholelwa ukuthi ekuhlakanipheni kwabo futhi erudition wabavumela ukuxazulula puzzle. Yiqiniso wayazi FI Tiutchev, lapho ecabanga ukuthi kukhona sphinx. Nature ayehlale isinyathelo kwenye umthamo. Noma kunjalo, ngo-sphinx zakhe zinkulu wedwa, esifuze umGibhithe lasendulo, emi ngikweluleke futhi buthule khona ehlane kepha wesabeka njengezimpi uphawu yaphakade. Ubheka ngqo phambili, kuze kube sesikhathini esizayo, kuyilapho thina nabo bonke labo ababephila ngaphambi kwethu, naye owayengumfelokazi, wayehlale ukuphila yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane futhi wanyamalala phakade. Futhi bekulokhu futhi njalo kuyoba. Lona Sphinx. Imvelo, cosmogony yayo, ngokubabazekayo, abandayo futhi enengqondo nakakhulu, nedwala ngenakugwemeka ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana naye.

izwe Tiutchev

Izwe lapho kwakukhona imbongi, njalo esikabili: avame ukuba yedwa, kodwa wakhangwa izwe elihle likaNkulunkulu, lapho ukusakaza indandatho kanye roses elimnandi eziqhakaza nalapho isibhakabhaka esobala. Lapha wacishe engazizwa isizungu, ihlangana ne yonke.

Early landscape izinkondlo

Lapho esemusha, in the 20s, FI Tiutchev waqonda imvelo njengomuntu esiphilayo has a umphefumulo nolimi. Wayengase kulingisa nokuduma njengoba indebe okuyinto hebe, behleka elachithwa emhlabeni, nangokuduma izihlambi. Sphinx, hlobo kuya empeleni kuqhathaniswa futhi kuqhathaniswa imbongi. Phakathi neminyaka ayichitha umfundi ku ezahlukene izithakazelo nokulifunda kuhlanganisiwe ezimbili ekulolongeni umbono ngesikhathi, ehluke ngophelele nomunye ngezindlela eziningi ngisho okuphambene nomunye - Pascal futhi Rousseau. Bobabili ayisheshi ngokuphelele Tiutchev. Esikhathini eside kamuva, ngemva Pascal, imbongi ayeliqamba indoda "ukububula ukucabanga nomhlanga." Kanye nomqondo Rousseau ukuthi imvelo ukhuluma ngolimi olulula ukuze bonke abantu, babe kukhanga Tiutchev, okuyinto sabonakala yokuthi wabhala ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona ngothando nangenkululeko. Kodwa imbongi ukuthola indlela yabo ukuba uqonde izwe, ngokuhlanganisa elilodwa uthando, ukuhlakanipha kwenkohliso eyize nemvelo. Kodwa indlela ukuba umqondo wokuthi uhlobo - the sphinx kuyoba eside.

Izici nobuntu nemvelo imbongi abasha

Romanticism yazuza isikhundla evelele, futhi lokhu ayikwazanga kodwa ushiye mkhondo izinkondlo Tiutchev sika. Inyanga yena - Nkulunkulu ekhazimulayo, intaba - Unkulunkulu bomdabu, wakhe ikhava usuku hung phezu kwalasha edwaleni emhlabeni abakhaliphile onkulunkulu okusezingeni eliphezulu kuthanda. Zonke izithombe olusankondlo sublime futhi romantic kakhulu, futhi kakhulu ngokuvamile nokwesasa. Akunjalo kwakuyobe sekwephuze Tiutchev.

Esihlatshelelwayo imbongi avuthiwe

Ngo 30-40s okwethusayo ukwanda izisusa ngemisebenzi imbongi, ikakhulukazi uma ecabanga uthando kanye nemvelo. Ngakho, kungaba olandelayo kube "Spring Bamanzi" nge ezimibalabala elikhanyayo umbala wabo bejabule, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyabona ukuthi inkulu imfihlo umamatheke kuyadida bemvelo, kanye nokunyamalala ngokuyisimangaliso "ukuthula" lapho imicabango nemizwa kumelwe ungathuli ngangezinkanyezi wasesifa ebusuku, ngoba kwaba imbongi iyakwazi izwi kungenzeki ukuveza kahle ukuthi wesaba futhi ngikhathazekile.

isikhathi kamuva

Esikhathini 50-70-yalolucwaningo yokukhathazeka ushona ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana sinesimo sengqondo Tyutchev. Life isiba gloomier nokuphelelwa ithemba. Ukhuluma amabutho amabili ebulalayo, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto e phetho ngamunye kusuka ekuzalweni kuya ethuneni, ukufa, kanti iNkantolo womuntu. Futhi ngisho nalapho abantu bayazithanda indlela ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga ku esibhakabhakeni, like iphunga uju ayaphephuka evela endle, ngeke kube lesi sithombe efudumele ukuqedela ngikweluleke futhi sina ubudala kuzodlula, sizakwehla, kodwa uyophinde usakaze emfuleni nasemasimini amanga ngaphansi ukushisa. Phakathi nale minyaka, futhi uyonikwa ebhaliwe umugqa "Nature - Sphinx", inkondlo emfushane kanye aphoristic. Njengabanye abaningi baphuma esibayeni imisebenzi imbongi sika wesazi sefilosofi.

"Langa - Sphinx"

ekucabangeni mayelana impicabadala yokuphila, imbongi engu-66 ubudala ngo-1869, kufika esiphethweni sokuthi zonke izimfihlo - lena eqanjiwe okumsulwa. Nezimfumbe we Sphinx-imvelo - lokhu akukona imfumbe nhlobo. Sinenkosi lutho ukuxazulula, kumele bathathe nje. Yilokho nje isifiso ukuze uhlangane ne into enkulu kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke bawaxosha imbongi, ngoba wayazi ukuthi izinhlekelele umuntu engakwazi ukubuyisela emuva. Ikholwa kuwo ingabaza imfihlakalo kwasekelwa izwe nguMdali. Nezimfumbe ngokwemvelo, mhlawumbe asikaze, ngisho ucela, njengoba izimangalo kumbhali. Lithathwe njengendlela umbhedo, njengoba ezingenalutho njengoba ukuthi imvelo - le Sphinx, Tiutchev kungenziwa kuphela baphelelwa ukholo kuMdali umsebenzi wokudoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izobanjelwa uchungechunge ukulahlekelwa esibuhlungu E. Denisiev washona ngo-1864, izingane zabo - indodakazi uHelen nendodana Nicholas - ngo-1865, umama wakhe - ngo-1866, futhi ekuqaleni kakhulu - umkakhe Eleanor. Futhi akukho lutho ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Ngo yithemba amnyama ngokuphelele nokuzola mikhondo ephepheni umugqa aphoristic "Nature - Sphinx" Tjutchev. Quatrain ebhaliwe onesizotha ntathu pentameter iambic.

ukuphawula Turgenev

Loved kanye izinkondlo baziswa Tyutchev IS Turgenev ubhala iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi kamuva, izinkondlo ezimbili temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba - "Sphinx" futhi "Imvelo". Yena akaphiki le nkondlo "Nature -. Le Sphinx" Tiutchev kwethulwa, kunanini ngaphambili, ababhubhisa nemvelo futhi sphinx - samuntu yayo. Turgenev naye wafunda ngokoMthetho Sphinx ukuthi Yaroslavl, Ryazan, kungakhathaliseki ongumlimi ngobuqili, okungekho Oedipus akusho sicacise. Nature e Turgenev sika nokhahlo kakhulu futhi ngokubabazekayo, futhi akusona umehluko phakathi zigcwele futhi 'senkosi' wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo - womuntu. Uyazi akakhulumanga okuhle noma okubi, kuba ngokulinganayo ngazo zonke ukunakekelwa futhi zonke ukubulawa. EMthethweni wakhe - kuphela ingqondo.

Bobabili ubuhlakani isiRashiya, wayemthanda ngendlela engachazeki futhi waqonda isimo futhi owayazi ifilosofi, ngamunye ngendlela yabo wafika okuthuthukiswa ngayo umongo wendaba, enikeza umfundi ukubheka kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.