SS: isithombe, ukuma, uphawu, ukhanda ngemva kwempi. SS - ke ...

Ngemva yokubuyiswa eJalimane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, izwe yawela esibucayi ojulile. Umphumela waba ukwakheka okuzenzakalelayo izinhlangano ubuzwe, abafuna ukusula isimo "amambuka" ngubani wabingelela ukubukwa lamaKhomanisi. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi simo kwakukhona NSDAP party, umholi ngemibono zazo kudlalwa-Adolf Hitler. Kamuva, imiyalo yakhe kwamiswa amayunithi paramilitary SS, elimalungu alo kokuqala indima onogada siqu abanegunya.

Ngobani SS? Ama ifotho, timphawu, imifaniswano, ukuqokwa zalezi zakhiwo siqhubeke ucabangela ukwaziswa.

Ngobani SS?

SS - ekhethekile ukulwa amayunithi kwezinhloko zamaviyo okwenziwa amaNazi, kwamiswa ngasekuqaleni 30-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Lezi squads paramilitary ingeyamakhosi okuthiwa amasosha ukuqinisa. Ngokusemthethweni, igama Waffen-SS waqala ukusebenzisa ngo-1939.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ama-SS ilawulwe UHimmler, owasizalela isihloko Reichsführer. amasosha SS Unelungelo igunya ukuthola imishini engcono izikhali ezintsha.

SS - kuphocelela esakha ngo-1933 kusuka onogada kukaHitler. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-120 abanjalo. Kamuva balaba bantu baqala ukuyisa abaqotho kakhulu nenhlangano yamaNazi futhi infantrymen onekhono kakhulu.

Ukwakheka lempi amayunithi SS

Kusukela ngomhla ka-1935 isibalo amasosha e yemilindankosi ibutho siqu kaHitler anda esuka kubantu 120 ukuze 2,600. Maduzane, sokudumisa wathi ukwethulwa ngiyofundela ezempi wezwe. Umphumela waba ukuguqulwa amasosha ababehileleke lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela iziphathimandla eziphezulu Special Forces - SS-Verfugungstruppe. Ngo sokuthula, zalamaqembu.I waziphatha ukulwa ukuqeqeshwa ngaphansi kweso elibukhali reysfyurera futhi ngokuphelele ushintshele Sihlome ngesikhali phakathi nempi.

Ekuqaleni, amayunithi SS zalotshwa amasosha Army njalo yokuzithandela. Ukuze ukuqeqesha abaphathi izikole ezikhethekile kwahlelwa Braunschweig Nezimbi Tölz. Lapha sibona inakekelwe abazinikezele izinkolelo impi yamaNazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wonke umuntu zijoyine SS kwakumelwe bahlangabezane imingcele ethile, ngokukhethekile, banomthwalo ukuphakama hhayi ngaphansi kuka-175 cm.

Special ingxenye SS

Engxenyeni yesibili 1939 elandelayo SS lixuku amayunithi ayehlelwe:

1. Esinenjini Infantry Regiment - ezimbalwa elihamba, kwesimo endaweni, wezikhali kanye anti-tank Battalion iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele uSepp Dietrich, umhlobo kaHitler abaseduze.
2. Regiment "Deutschland" - kumiswa 4 Battalion, kwesimo endaweni kanye wezikhali izinjongo. Amalungu izakhiwo elihlomile ezimpini umsebenzi nemisebenti lehlose ekuthatheni lo Sudetenland ngo-1938.
3. Polk "eJalimane" - ngokuvumelana isakhiwo, idivayisi ibe efanayo esinenjini elihamba ibutho. Amasosha eyayiyingxenye izinombolo zakhe babehileleke umsebenzi Austria.
4. "Ukufa kuka-Head" - the regiments ezinhlanu SS, amasosha ababenolwazi abalulekile ukulwa nakho. Igcine ukudlalwa indima yamaphoyisa yangaphakathi, obhekene ukuphepha abameleli ubuholi wezwe, futhi kamuva zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso onogada okuhlushwa.

Ingxenye yokuqala e ubutha

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi SS - ishalofu kwenjongo ekhethekile, kunesidingo ukuzisebenzisa ngokuhamba ezempi ngo-September 1939. Esinenjini Infantry Division "eJalimane" ithunyelwe Poland. Wakamuva aba ingxenye yaleso wamabutho 10 futhi 14. Regiment "Deutschland" ebandakanyeke isinyathelo ukuzivikela phezu Western Front.

umkhankaso Umsebenzi ePoland wafakazela ukuthi SS - a yamasotja anesibindi, enekhono oqeqeshwe kahle. Nokho, amanye amasosha saloluhlobo amabutho baziphathe ngokuqiniseka ngaphezulu ngisho eziwubuwula ezingase zifake, njengoba kufakazelwa imibiko izinduna. Isizathu kwaba ukwenqena sezikhonzi SS ukulalela kweziphathimandla zempi evamile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, UHimmler wenza SS regiments alwa ngokuzimela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabutho Imininingwane.

iyunifomu

Ifomu SS kwakuba ibhulukwe sasivumela nenhle black nebhantshi. Bobabili izinto ngoboya yemvelo ne ukwengeza viscose. Lokhu kusiza ukunweba iyunifomu inkonzo. Pants obhince ibhande okusezingeni eliphezulu kuhlangene suspenders. SS ayegqoka ibhantshi olulodwa breast eyayinegama emaphaketheni ezine ezinkulu, ayehloselwe izinto futhi isitoreji nezinhlamvu.

Amalungu amayunithi egqoka uvolo ihembe grey luhlaza. Lesi sakamuva abangu ehambisana ngokukhululekile ngempela, okuyinto ivumela ukunyakaza ukhululekile futhi ifudumale.

amasosha SS egqoka ukotini cap abamnyama. On the headgear phezulu kanye phansi ukuthi edging kabani umthunzi ifaniswe ukulwa ingalo. Okuvamile egqoka ofeleba ka design efanayo kodwa eyenziwe black velvet.

Insignia

Ngokungafani nezinye amayunithi amaNazi paramilitary, amasosha SS hhayi ngesimo uMbuso Emblem we Wehrmacht. Kunalokho, wasebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile-SS, lapho sinamaphiko okhozi ayahlukene endaweni ngqo umugqa side. Le nyoni kakhulu efanayo isithombe inyamazane ibekwe phezu umqhele umfire nge swastika maphakathi. Emblem ithungwe phezu emikhonweni iyunifomu kasilika noma aluminium wire. A uphawu efanayo kwadingeka ku cap sakhe.

Esikhathini esimise okwembali kwesokudla ebhantshini lakhe SS amabutho wabeka Rune "Zig" ngesimo okokumelela kwendikimba amabili umbani. Lezi zinhlamvu kungenziwa efekethisiwe kwifomu noma athathe isimo isithonjana metal.

Amasosha, naye owayekulelo a division ezikhethekile "Totenkopf", esikhundleni bendabuko SS Runes "zig" isithonjana egqoka kogebhezi crossbones.

Abesifazane SS unkosikazi

Ukuze kufezekiswe imibono ayekuso, Hitler kudingeka abadlali ozinikele futhi oda kungaqedwa. Sokudumisa okunjalo engagcini nje phakathi kwabantu. Omunye walaba besifazane edume kakhulu SS kwaba Ilza Koh. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, yena wayengumfundi okhuthele futhi ngajabulela inhlonipho kwabanye. Ngo-1939, u-Ilse unqume ukujoyina NSDAP. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waba umka-noKarla Koha, owayehlangene inhlangano ekamu lokuhlushwa laseBuchenwald. Big izifiso abasha SS unkosikazi ohlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuzwana wenkani ezifihliwe yomyeni wakhe.

Ngo-1936, Ilza Koh wathola umsebenzi ekamu lokuhlushwa. Ngaleso sikhathi umyeni wakhe odakwe ngamandla phezu iziboshwa. Ukubuka imaphi abantu abangenacala, ngokushesha wathola kufihlwe wakhe ngonya. Ekamu kwaqala ungesabi esingaphansi Usigaxamabhande.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi Frau Koch wathumela recalcitrant ekamu lokuhlushwa iziboshwa yibhece zilwane zasendle zoo. Nokho, ugqozi wakhe wangempela tattoo. Ukuze yayo kwesikhumba iziboshwa efile, ehlotshiswe imidwebo, waqala ukwenza ekuhlobiseni nezinto ezihlukahlukene yasendlini.

Ngo-April 1945, ngesikhathi yokukhululwa laseBuchenwald amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo Karl Koch wabulawa phakathi kwekamu, lapho akunjalo kudala ilahlwe isiphetho ngabantu. Kodwa u-Ilse wakwazi ukubaleka ngesikhathi futhi ukugwema isijeziso.

Ngo-1947, uMnyango Wezobulungisa wathumela amabutho aseJalimane ngo Ukufuna neziboshwa zangaphambilini saseBuchenwald. Ngakho, kwakukhona kobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda zobugebengu impi ngokumelene iziboshwa zempi Ilzy Koh. SS unkosikazi elathunjwa futhi ngathunyelwa esitokisini kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Ngokushesha, owesifazane ongusihlalo yangaphambili ekamu lokuhlushwa ngesikhathi ivalile eshidini etilongweni Bavarian.

Isiphetho SS ngemva kwempi

Ngokusho ukwaziswa omlando, zonke ngokuhamba imisebenzi empini ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili labhujiswa mayelana 180 000 amasosha e-SS. amalungu Mayelana 400,000 balimala. Amanye amasosha 40 000 kubikwa ulahlekile.

Njengoba Isiphelo obengeziwe SS? Phakathi eNuremberg Isivivinyo obugebengu aphambene nobuntu bona baye basolwa ngokuthi wonke kwezempi okuqondene oda SS. Iningi lazo Bavuma ukuthi bayabandakanyeka yabo Kwesizwe. Ukuxolela yayimane nje umuntu ukuthi afunwa ku kwababusi inhlangano izakhiwo isimo ngesisekelo ngenkani empeleni akukho abangakwenza. Amacala lawa ahoxiswe nge-SS, owaba akanacala zobugebengu impi.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoba singabona, SS Uyi iqembu elikhethekile amaviyo Wehrmacht, okuyinto ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa njenge yabalindi siqu uHitler abaphathi abaphezulu beqembu NSDAP. Kamuva, amasosha SS ngahileleka ukugcwaliseka imisebenzi ekhethekile yezempi. Ngokuvumelana isakhiwo sikhathi okuhlushwa lapho SS wahlanganyela ukubhujiswa iziboshwa ngezizathu zezombangazwe noma ubuhlanga. Ekuphetheni empini eNuremberg Izilingo wamemezela amalungu SS icala obugebengu aphambene nobuntu.